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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY
FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D.
EDITED BV
tT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D.
E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d.
REMAINS OF OLD LATIN
II
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS, naevius,
PAGUVIUS AND ACCIUS
REMAINS OF OLD
LATIN
NEWLY EDITED AXD TRANSLATED BY
E. H. WARMINGTON, M.A., F.R.Hist.S.
PROFESSOR OF CLASSICS, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON,
BIRKBECK COLLEGE
^IN THREE VOLUMES '
II
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS, NAEVIUS,
PACUVIUS AND ACCIUS
W'jse H
LONDON y
WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
MCMXXXVI
Aa
Printed in Great Britain
CONTENTS
PAGE
iisrTRODUCTiON vii
LIVIUS AXDRONICUS 1
NAEVIUS 45
PACUvius 157
Accius 325
WORDS FROM LIVIUS, NAEVITJS, PACUVIUS, AND ACCIUS
NOT INCLUDED IN THE TEXT OR THE NOTES OF
THIS VOLUME 596
FRAGMENTS OF TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN . 600
CONCORDANCES 630
INDEX 661
INTRODUCTION
Scope of Volume II
In this second volume of Remains of Old Latin will
be found all the fragments of Livius Andronicus,
Naevius, Pacuvius, and Accius, who are treated in
chronological order,® and other fragments of old
Roman tragedy which are not assigned to any
author ; but of these anonymous fragments each
one must almost certainly be attributed to one or
other of the old poets which are contained in the
first and second volumes. Thus these two volumes
include all that we know about the writers of Roman
tragedy down to Sulla's times. Such anonymous
fragments as are recognised, because of their tone,
as coming from old writers of comedies have not
been included here, for this series of three volumes
does not include the old comic poets such as Titinius,
Turpilius, Quinctius Atta, Afranius, Novius, and L.
Pomponius ; though some of the old and anonymous
comic fragments may in fact belong to Ennius,
Caecilius, Livius, or Naevius.
Our sources for the old poetry contained in this
volume are on the whole of the same kind as are
** It should be noted that Ennius and Caecilius, the two
authors which have been already dealt with in the first
volume, come after Naevius, and before Pacuvius, in order
of time.
vii
INTRODUCTION
tliose which were drawn upon in order to produce
the first volume, though some of them are much less
important than they were as sources for Ennius.
Nonius is, as before, the main storehouse for frag-
ments ; the importance of the other sources varies.
Very late and doubtful authorities, who provide a
problem for students of Ennius' fragments, are
wholly absent from this volume. With regard to
the method of quotation from the sources I have
seen no reason to depart from the method which
was used in the first volume. As there, so here
real fragments of the old poets are shown in a dis-
tinctive type ; while ' hidden fragments,' though
not given in special type, have been put in the most
suitable places. For the sources and the method of
quotation from them, consult volume I, Introduction,
pages viii-xvii and xxxii-xxxiii. Further I have
retained the system of titles or headings to frag-
ments wherever the presence of such a heading
either reveals in few words the context or subject
of the fragment, or, where the context is uncertain,
as often happens, shows why I have put the frag-
ment where it stands in the text ; on this, see volume
I, Introdnction, xvi-xvii. Abbreviations : xxxii-iii.
Life of Livius Andronicus
The tastelessness which is shown in so much of
the tradition about the lives of the old I^atin poets
is deplorable ; it is especially so when we try to learn
about the life ^ of I^ivius Andronicus ; for although
" For a very sceptical treatment of the tradition in regard
to Andronicus, see H. de la Ville de Mirmont, ^iudes sur
Vanripnne poesie latiiif, i)p. 14 ft".
INTRODUCTION
it is probably true that he \vTote nothing great, yet
he was a man of great importance in the Uterary
history of Rome. His Latin cognomeri Andronicus
is a translation of 'Ai'SpoViKo? and suggests that he
was by birth a Greek of that name ; but the date
of his birth is not known. It took place, however,
at Taras or Tarentum in southern Italy about the
year 284 b.c. After the surrender of that city to
the Romans in 272,'^ he was brought as a young
slave to Rome, and after some years came into the
possession of one Lucius Livius. He must have
showTi that he had a bright and scholarly intellect ;
and, as a reward for instruction given to Livius'
sons, was set free by this man, to whom as patron
he became a freedman, and whose praenomen he
received as his also according to the custom of those
days. He thus became known as Lucius Livius
Andronicus ; * and the epithet ' half-Greek ' ^ which
was applied to him by Romans of later times is thus
particularly suitable. He continued, or perhaps
now only began, to give, to the children of people
other than his patron,*^ doubtless good instruction
in Greek and perhaps imperfect instruction in Latin,
and remained to some extent dependent on his
patron. We do not know who this patron was ; but
" Cicero, Brutus, xviii, 72-3; for a blunder in chronology
made by Accius in writing about Andronicus, see pp. 586-7.
* Jerome, Chron. ad ann. Abr. 1830 = 187 B.C., wrongly gives
Livius Salinator as the patron : the unknown source of this
error is the same as that of Accius. See above, and pp.
586-7. On Andronicus' praenomen Lucius, see Gellius, VI, 7,
11; XVII, 21, 42; and other sources. The false praenomen
Titus, given by some sources, is due to a confusion with the his-
t orian Livy.
'^ Suetonius, de G-raTrimaticAs , 1.
^ Suetonius, I.e. ; Jerome, Chron. ad ann. Abr. 1830.
INTRODUCTION
he was probably the father of Livius SaUnator who,
with G. Claudius, defeated Hasdrubal in 207. Andro-
nicus may or may not have become a schoolmaster ;
but a teacher he certainly was, interpreting Greek
literature, especially poetry, to Roman pupils, and
writing commentaries to read to them. Perhaps
also it was for his pupils' benefit that he reproduced,
in a rough Latin translation and paraphrase, in
Saturnian verse. Homer's Odyssey ; " in any case
this work of Andronicus was apparently regarded
by Charisius as the oldest real poem in the Latin
language ; and it became a book of the class-rooms
for some generations to come.^
But Andronicus had other abilities besides those
of a teacher; and he became an actor and stage-
manager, and an author of stage-plays. At first
he was known only for his Saturae, or plotless medleys
produced on the stage to the accompaniment of a
flute.'' But in 240 b.c. he was given an opportunity
to make an important change, and accepted it;
for in that year, in order to celebrate the Itidi
Romani on a grander scale than usual because of
Rome's victory in the first Punic War, the aediles
approached Andronicus, and he replied by himself
putting on the stage, and acting in, the first Latin
comedy and the first Latin tragedy, both of which
•* Such mistakes as Andronicus is supposed to have made
in his reproduction of the Greek would surely be due to
imperfect knowledge not of Greek but of Latin; his Odyssey
might thus be an early work. But the deviations from
Homer seem to me to be deliberate on Andronicus' part.
See pp. 24 £F.
* Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 84, 8-9 K. Horace, Epistles, II,
1, 69-71.
' Livy, Ilistor. ah urhe corulita, VII, 2, 8.
INTRODUCTION
he had composed himself; both were adapted from
Greek models, and both therefore had a connected
plot or fabula. From now onwards Andronicus,
using the Latin language but Greek metres, con-
tinued to translate and adapt Greek plays for the
Roman stage ; from now onwards such fahulae
began to displace the old saturae, which became
instead ' satires ' to be read only, not performed on
the stage. Andronicus continued to act himself, and
spoke his parts on the stage so vigorously and was
so often ' encored ' that his voice, we are told,
became hoarse. This mishap brought about the
institution of a singer or cantor to sing the words of
the cantica in some sort of harmony with the flute-
player, the actor doing no more than making the
required gestures."
Before long, Andronicus found himself a famous
man.^ Further honours awaited him. Early in
207 B.C., during the Second Punic War, omens of
bad import terrified the Roman people, and, in order
to expiate them, the pontifices ordained that thrice
nine maidens should walk through the city singing
a hymn. According to the historian Livy, it was
the poet Livius who composed this hymn. While
the girls were learning it, the shrine of Juno Regina
on the Aventine was struck by lightning. The hymn
was therefore sung in honour of Juno. Livy adds
" See Livy, I.e. ; Cicero, Brutus, xviii, 72 (on Accius' blunder,
see pp. 586-7); de Senedute, xiv, 50; Cassiodor., Chron. ad
239 puts Livius' production of his first plays in 239. Cp.
also Gellius, XVII, 21, 42; Cicero, de Legibus II, 15, 39;
gloss. Salomon., Usener, Bh. Mus., XXVIII, 119; Festus,
492, 22.
'' Jerome, ad ann. 1830, is quite wrong in stating that
Andronicus became famous in 187 B.C.
xi
INTRODUCTION
that the poem was perhaps worthy of praise, accord-
ing to the ideas of those days, but nowadays would
seem rough and unpohshed.** There is no doubt
that this intercessory hymn was sung before the
Battle of the Metaurus had taken place. But
Festus, writing about * scribae,' says: 'After
Livius Andronicus, in the Second Punic War, had
written a hymn which was sung by maidens, because
the commonwealth of the Roman people began to
fare more prosperously, the temple of Minerva on
the Aventine was publicly devoted to his honour;
in this temple writers (sc. of plays) and actors were
allowed to hold sittings and present votive gifts;
this was done in honour of Livius, because he both
wTote plays and acted in them.' ^ In this passage it
is not clear whether the words ' because . . . pros-
perously ' give the cause of the hymn mentioned
here by Festus or of the honour granted to Andronicus.
If they give the reason for the hymn, then this hymn
is different from the one described by Livy, and
would be a second hymn, one of thanksgiving;
and it would be natural to conclude that this second
hymn was composed, perhaps late in 207, in thanks
for the victory of Livius Salinator at the Metaurus. <=
It would be natural for Salinator (provided that his
father was really that Livius who owned and freed
Andronicus) to ask his old tutor to write something
« Livy, XXVII, 37.
^ Justus, 492, 22.
" It may be that we have a ' hidden fragment ' from one
of these hymns; for the augmenter of Servius, on Virgil's
Aen., IV, 37 says that ' Livius Andronicus relates that the
Africans {sc. Carthaginians) often triumphed over the Romans
and adorned their colonnades with s])()ils taken from the
Romans.'
xii
INTRODUCTION
in celebration of the victory; but we must note
that no authority at all, not even Cicero or Livy,
or for that matter, Jerome, makes any such sug-
gestion. It would be strange too, if there were two
hymns, that Livy should mention one only. At any
rate, in honour of Andronicus, after 207 B.C., the
Romans found a collegium of playwrights and actors
which developed into a Collegium Poetarum.^
We know only one thing more about the life of
Andronicus ; he survived the adolescence of Cato
the elder, who saw Andronicus when Andronicus was
an old man,^ Thus he who had created the first
Latin epic, the first Latin tragedy, the first Latin
comedy (all these in a borrowed form as it were),
and the first Latin lyric poetry (this perhaps out of
quite original Latin material if not in Latin metre),
died about the year 204 B.C.
Although Andronicus' works, popular at first,
were, in the eyes of the public and the minds of
literary men, soon neglected in favour of more
brilUant achievements, yet his Odyssey, and perhaps
his hymns and parts of his tragedies also, were
studied in schools until the end of the Republican
period. Thus Cicero looked on Andronicus' Odyssey
as comparable mth an architectural work of Daedalus,
that is, impressive but antique and rough, and his
plays as not worth a second reading ; ^ while Horace,
though his teacher Orbilius made him study ' Livi
« Festus, 492, he. Cf. B. Kruczkiewicz, in Eos, I, 127;
E. Sihier, in Amer. Journ. Phil, XXVI, 1. Cichorius, i?dm.
Stud., 1 fF., tries to show that Livius had already composed
a hymn in honour of Proserpine in 249 B.C. ; ci. Wissowa,
Gott. gel. Anz., 1924, 51.
^ Cicero, de Senectute, xiv, 50.
<= Cicero, Bnittis, xviii, 71.
xiii
INTRODUCTION
carmina,' did not agree with any \vlio believed that
Livius' compositions were beautiful and nearly
perfect.** During the period of the empire his
works survived in libraries, but were not often read,
except for the interest offered by their archaic
character,^ until for this same reason several gram-
marians, from the fourth to the seventh centuries,
drew material from them. After that, Andronicus'
fame and then his works were lost.
Life of Naevius
When we turn to the life of Cn. Naevius, we are
met to a greater degree by the same kind of difficulty
as we find in approaching the career of Andronicus ;
but we have enough scraps of information and enough
fragments to reveal in Naevius a true Latin poet
who was a Roman citizen, enjoyed more independence
of living than Andronicus did, and was endowed
with a truly national spirit. He was born about
270 B.C., and belonged to a plebeian ge?is whose
name is frequent in Latin records ; he was thus at
least a Latin and probably a true Roman, though
some believe that he was born in Campania, because
Gellius '^ speaks of Naevius' epitaph (see pp. 154-5)
as full of * Campanian haughtiness.' But Campanian
arrogance had become proverbial, and so could be
used of any one, whether Campanian or not.
Naevius served as a soldier in the first Punic War
(264-241 B.C.), and when he was about forty-five
years old began to produce plays in Rome, in 235
° Horace, Epistles, II, 1, 69-72.
* Gellius, XVIII, 9, 5. Festus (from Verrius Flaccus)
gives various passages.
<= Gellius, I, 24, 2.
xiv
INTRODUCTION
B.c.^ There is no evidence that he ever became
an actor; his dramatic career therefore would be
independent of the actor's profession. He showed a
preference for comedies, which were mostly fahulae
palliatae modelled upon Greek sources, though some
were togatae, the subject-matter of these being
Roman or Italian, not Greek. Soon after 222 B.C.
he invented a new kind of play — the fahula praetexta
or historical Roman play — by composing one {Clasti-
dium) which dealt with the victory won at Clastidium
by M. Marcellus in 222 e.g. ; another one, Romulus,
perhaps followed soon afterwards. This kind of
play, though it was attempted by successors of
Naevius, never became popular. For palliatae
Naevius was especially famous, being bv some
critics placed third in order of merit among comic
poets ; some of the palliatae have Latin titles, which
may indicate plays composed later than those which
have Greek titles. He sometimes practised con-
taminatio or fusion of two Greek plays into one Latin. ^
In his togatae, and possibly also in his palliatae
(thus deviating widely from the Greek originals),
Naevius boldly and pointedly attacked famous
statesmen living in Rome : some of his attacks
were possibly made in a Satura,^ but this could well
be the title of a single comedy. Even the great
Scipio Africanus suffered from the poet's rancour
(see pp. 138-9). Further, the gens of the Caecilii
Metelli was so greatly irritated by Naevius that in
206 Q. Caecilius Metellus threatened retahation
« Gellius, XVII, 21, 44.
* Volcacius Sedigitus puts Naevius third : Gellius, XV, 24 ;
contaminatio : Terence, Andria, prol., 15-19.
/ Festus, 340, 27 £F.
INTRODUCTION
upon him." In the end, ' because of constant
insults and jibes uttered against leading men of
the state in the manner of Greek poets ' {sc. of the
' Old Comedy '), he was thrown into prison ^ at
Rome by the triumviri capitales. There he called
forth the sympathy of his fellow-playwright Plautus.*'
While he was in prison Naevius wrote tM-o plays,
Ariolus and Leon, in which he apologised for his
misdoings and ' petulantia ' which had hurt so many
people. He was then set free by the tribunes of
the plebs.^ But either he resumed his attacks or
his old enemies were unforgiving, because he was
almost at once, through the activities of the nobles,
and especially the Metelli, exiled from Rome and
Italy. ^ He went to Utica in northern Africa,
doubtless after the end of the siege of that place
by Scipio in 202, and soon afterwards died there,
in 201, according to Jerome,/ though he may have
died a year or two later than this.
One of Naevius' most important achievements —
indeed perhaps the most important if not the most
poetic — has not been mentioned yet. This is the
Punic War, that is to say an epic poem on the first
Punic War, in which he had served. It was published
and apparently also composed by Naevius in his
old age,^ and his strong national S})irit caused him
to use the old native Saturnian metre. The result
was prosy, and it may be that it had been begun
" Pseudo-Ascon. ad Cic, Verr., I, 10, 29; see pp. 154-5.
" Gellius, III, 3, 15. " Plaut., Mil. Glor., 211-2.
'^ Gellius, III, 3, 15. ^ Jerome, ad aim. 1816 = 201.
f I.e. Cicero, Brutus, xv, 60 shows that ' ancient com-
mentaries * recorded Naevius' death in 204, but points out
that Varro distrusted this date and put Naevius' death later.
" Cicero, de Senectute, xiv, 50.
INTRODUCTION
soon after 240 b.c, and was continued and completed
at intervals. The work was important because
though it was not the first epic poem written in
Latin, it was the first national or really Roman epic.
Herein Naevius traced the legendary origins of
Rome and Carthage, bringing in stories of heroes
and gods, and putting into Latin verse the already
accepted but fictitious connexion between Rome
and Troy. The influence of the poem on Ennius
and \'irgil was undoubtedly great (see e.g. Vol. I,
pp. xxii and 64-5, 82-3; and this volume, pp. 49,
53). Written by Nae\dus as one uninterrupted
whole, it was divided into seven books by C. Octavius
Lampadio c. 165 b.c." Other commentators also
worked upon it.^ Admiration felt for it by the
Romans is doubtless due largely to the fact that it
was their own first epic about themselves, dealing
with a terrible war which had a victorious ending
for Rome. However, the defects of the poem were
not ignored. It pleased Cicero as might a work of
the sculptor Myron, and he admits that, splendidly
as Naevius had acquitted himself, Ennius wrote
more polished epic poetry.''
Life of Pacuvius
At Brundisium ^ in Calabria, in or about 220 B.C.,
was born M. Pacuvius, a son of the sister ^ of the poet
° Suetonius, de Grammat., 2; cp. Nonius, 170, 17.
^ One Vergilius and one Cornelius — Varro, L.L., VII, 39.
<^ Cicero, Brutus, 75. Caesius Bassus (Atil. Fortunat.),
ap. G.L., VI, 255, in Nero's time found the metre of the
Punic War very formless.
'^ Jerome, ad ann. 1863.
« So Pliny, XXXV, 19; son of Ennius' daughter, says
Jerome wrongly.
xvii
VOL. II. 6
INTRODUCTION
Ennius ; his ancestry " on his father's side was of
' Romanised ' or ' Latinised ' Oscan stock. He came
to Rome, and, havino; joined the Hterary circle of
LaeHus, spent most of his long life in painting and
in writing tragedies. One at least of his paintings,
in the temple of Hercules in the forum boarium, was
still noted in the time of the elder Pliny ,^ who testifies
to the fame of Pacuvius as a painter ; but his chief
claim to renown lay probably in his tragedies, which
he seems not to have composed until he was well on
in years. He was inspired by the tragedies of
Ennius, but can hardly have been a * pupil ' of that
poet.*' His year of fame is stated by Jerome to
have been 154 b.c.'' Pacuvius in turn inspired one
Pompilius, who claimed to be a discipulus of Pacuvius.^
Pacuvius became a friend of Accius, his contem-
porary and successor in Roman tragedy, and, in 140
B.C., when Pacuvius was eighty years old and Accius
forty, both produced a play for the same occasion./
Being now an old man, and afflicted by some long-
lasting disease of the body, he retired soon after-
wards to Tarentum. There he was visited one day
by Accius, who was on a journey to Asia. Accius
was welcomed by Pacuvius, stayed a few days, and
at Pacuvius' earnest request read to him his tragedy
Atreus. Pacuvius said that what Accius had written
was grand and sonorous, but seemed rather harsh
" Other forms of the gentile name Pacuvius are Pacuius,
Pacvius, and Paquius.
^ PUny, I.e. ; cp. Jerome, I.e.
« Pompilius ap. Varr., in Nonius, 88, 5.
«' Jerome, ad ann, 600 = 154.
' Pompihus, I.e.
f Cicero, Brutus, Ixiv, 229. It was of course one of his last
plays that Pacuvius produced in that year,
xviii
INTRODUCTION
and rugged. Accius admitted this criticism, and
hoped to do better. <^ When he was nearly ninety-
years old, Pacuvius died at Tarentiim, about the
years 132-130 B.C.
Besides writing a few famous tragedies, Pacuvius
wrote one fahula praetexta, called Paulus, probably
on Aemilius Paulus, \dctor at Pydna in 168 B.C. He
also wrote Satura.^ A man of two professions, a
painter before he was a tragic poet, he had but a
small literary output. Cicero and others put him
at the head of Roman tragic ^vriters ; others thought
him excellent in some things,*' faulty in others.^
There can be no doubt that in the first century B.C.
some of his plays enjoyed great popularity (cf. pp.
239, 286, 291 b.c.)
Life of Accius
Lucius Accius ^ was born in 170 b.c. at Pisaurum,
his parents being freedmen. His father had been
included amongst the colonists which the Romans
had sent out to Pisaurum in 184; and a. fundus close
to that town was always called Accianus./ Lucius
came to Rome and there spent a long life in literary
pursuits, especially in the production of tragedies,
of which he composed a good number. We have
« GelHus, XIII, 2, 1-4; Jerome, I.e.
* Diomedes, ap. O.L., I, 485, 32 K; Porphyrio, ad Hor.
S., I, 10, 46.
<^ Cicero, de opt. gen. or., 1 ; cp. ' auct.,' ad Herenn., IV, 7
Gellius, VI, 14, 6.
'^ LucQius, ap. Non., 30, 28; Cicero, Brutus, \xxiv, 258
Persius, S., I, 77 ; et al.
^ In inscriptions (including some from Pisaurum), the com-
moner spelling is Attius; in manuscripts, Accius.
/ Jerome, ad ann. 1878, 139. Pliny, VII, 128.
xix
62
INTRODUCTION
only a few scraps of information about his career.
In 140 B.C. he and Pacuvius each produced a play
for the same occasion ; and the next year was,
according to Jerome, his year of fame." He was a
close friend of D. Brutus Gallaecus (consul in 138),
for whom he wrote a book of Saturnian verses,
probably in honour of Gallaecus' success in Spain.
Gallaecus caused some of these and perhaps other
verses of Accius to be written on the approaches of
temples and monuments set up by Gallaecus.'' About
135 Accius made a journey to Asia; it was then
that he called on and stayed with Pacuvius at
Tarentum and read to Pacuvius his play Atreus,
which had apparently been produced (see above,
p. xviii). We read also how a slave and grammaticus
named Daphnis (afterwards Lutatius Daphnis) was
sold by Accius at a very high price by auction to
M. Scaurus.^ Doubtless the great market-value of
Daphnis was due partly to education by Accius.
When a certain mimus addressed Accius by name on
the stage, Accius sued him for damages, and secured
a conviction through P. Mucius.*^ But Accius was
presumably not a man of quarrelsome character;
when he was asked why, since skill in vigorous reply
was so very evident in his tragedies, he did not
become a pleader in the law-courts, he answered
that in his tragedies the characters said what he
wanted, but in the forum his adversaries were sure
to say what he didn't want them to say.'^ In 104 or
" Cicero, Brutus, 229; Jerome, I.e.; see also above, p. xviii.
^ Cicero, pro Archia, xi, 27; Brutus, xxviii, 107; de Leg.,
II, 21, 54; Schol. Bob., ad Cic, pro Arch. I.e.
<^ Pliny, VII, 128.
<* 'auct.,' ad Herennium, I, 14, 24; II, 13, 19.
* Quintilian, V, 13, 43.
XX
INTRODUCTION
thereabouts he produced one of his most famous
plays — Tereus, of which Cicero saw a performance
in 44 B.C.-' At some time or other Accius caused a
tall statue of himself to be placed in the aedes
Camenarum ; this caused pointed remarks to be
made about him because he was a very short man.^
Accius lived to be very old ; thus we are told that
on occasions when C. Julius Caesar Strabo (aedilis
curulis in 90 B.C., killed in 87), an author, like Accius,
of tragedies, entered the building of the collegium
poetarum, Accius never rose out of respect for him,
because Accius was confident, to some degree at
any rate, of superiority in himself as regards their
common pursuits.^ Strabo was born about 120 B.C.,
and can hardly have been famous as a playwright
before 95. Again, Cicero, as Cicero himself dis-
tinctly implies, knew Accius personally and used to
talk with him on literary matters ; ^ this would
hardly be before Cicero was twenty years old, that
is to sav in 86 b.c. Thus Accius lived to be more
than eighty years of age. But when he died we
do not know.
Most of the general references made to Accius
bv later writers are complimentary ; indeed Velleius
Paterculus ^ says that Roman tragedy ' lies in and
round Accius.' But the poet was also the author of
works other than tragedies on Greek models. We
have fragments, all in poetry, of two fahulae prae-
textae ; of Didascalica and Pragmatica (both of which
" Cicero, Phil, I, 36; cp. ad Att., XVI, 2, 3; XVI, 5, 1;
et at.
^ Pliny, XXXIV, 19.
« Valerius Maximus, III, 7,11.
"^ Cicero, Brutus, 107. * I, 17, 1.
INTRODUCTION
dealt with stage-history and stage-practice); of
Ainmles (about festivals ?) : and of Parerga (about
agriculture?); and, as mentioned on p. xx, there
is evidence of a i)ook of Saturnians composed in
honour of D. Brutus Gallaecus and entitled probably
Gallaecus or Decimus ; of a work called Praxidicus
or Praxidica ; and of amatory poems."
Lastly, Accius advocated, and perhaps put into
practice in writing his tragedies and other works
(though our sources do not show this) certain reforms
in Latin spelling. They are of some interest, and I
give here a summary of the new rules which he put
forward : —
(i) There should, in writing, be some way of
distinguishing long vowel-sounds from short; to
express the long vowel-sounds a, e, and u, the vowel-
letter should always be doubled (aa, ee, uu) according
to a system already in existence but seldom used ; ^
and the long vowel-sound I should be expressed by
ei.^
(ii) There should be some way of expressing the
velar n followed by a guttural. Thus the sound
ng should be expressed by gg, and the sound nc
by gc; both methods follow a Greek practice.
« On all these, see pp. 552-565; and 578-595. I take it
that the title of the book on Brutus would be Gallaecus or
Decimus to distinguish it from Accius' fabula praetexta called
Brutus.
^ Velius Longus, ap. O.L., VII, 55, 25 K; Terentianus
Scaurus, ap. G.L., VII, 18, 12 (2255); this doubling not a
new thing : Quintil., I, 7, 14 ; practised by Andronicus and
Naevius (? text of Marius not quite clear — Marius Victorinus,
ap. G.L., VI, 8, 11). In any case this doubling occurred
already in several Italian dialects also.
<^ Mar. Vict., I.e.
xxii
INTRODUCTION
Thus Acciiis wrote ' aggueis ' for ' anguis ' ; ' aggu-
lus ' for ' angulus ' (the (ireeks, reproducing anguis
and angulus in Greek, would write ayyris, ayyvXoi) ;
' agceps ' for * anceps ' ; ' agcilla ' for ' ancilla ' ;
' Aggitia ' for ' Angitia ' ; ' aggustum ' for ' angus-
tum ' ; ' agquirit ' for ' anquirit.' These are all
quoted from Accius by Marius Victorinus. Other
examples, not quoted as from Accius, but mentioned
by Priscianus in connexion with him, and M'ith some
of the examples given above, are ' Agchises ' for
' Anchises ' ; ' aggens ' for ' angens ' ; ' agguilla '
for ' anguilla ' ; ' iggerunt ' for ' ingerunt ' ; and
' agcora ' for ' ancora.' "
(iii) The letters y and z should not be used ; this
rule at any rate Accius did follow in his own works. ^
(iv) But the spelling of Greek nouns and names
should be preserved closely; thus, according to
Varro, Accius always wrote the word ' scaena ' as
' scena,' because the Greeks -wrote crKrjvyj; he also
restored, in his tragedies, Greek forms of Greek
names, preferring Hectora ("EKTopa) to Hectorem as
the accusative case of Hector.'^ It has also been
supposed that Accius made it a rule to put k instead
of c before a and q instead of c before u. But this
cannot be decided. We do not know what other
« Mar. Vict., ap. O.L., VI, 8, 11; VI, 19, 11; Priscianus,
ap. II, 30, 12. In Marius, VI, 8, 11, I propose ' Accius cum
scriberet anguis aggueis ponebat ; cum angulus aggulus ' for
' A. c. s. anguis f anguies angules imponebatf e. q. 5.'
* Marius Victorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 8, 11.
<= Varro, L.L., \ai, 96; X, 70 (haec. . . . coepit ... ad
formas Graecas verborum magis revocare, a quo Valerius ait
' Accius Hectorem nollet facere, Hectora maUet.') Accius
doubtless used the word ' scena ' in the Didascalica and the
Pragmntka.
xxiii
INTRODUCTION
changes were proposed by Accius, nor do we know
whether he gave liis views in any special written
work (e.g. ' De Orthographia '), or how far he put
them into practice in writing his tragedies and other
works. At any rate some of his suggestions were
taken seriously by the Romans, not only by con-
temporaries (cp. the ideas of Lucilius on spelling,
given in Remains, Vol. Ill), but in succeeding times
also, and have left their mark even on some surviving
inscriptions (see again Vol. III). Varro addressed
to Accius an early work de antiquitate Litterarum ;
and there is some evidence that even the elder
Pliny was influenced by the doubling of vowels.
Editions
Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Pacuvius, Accius
The folloiving contain fragments of all four
poets : —
J. Wordsworth. Fragmeiits a7id Specimens of Early
Latin. Oxford. Clar. Press. 1874. Has some
Livius (pp. 289-91, Oc?^**. complete) ; Naevius
(pp. 292-9 ; Bell. P. complete) ; Pacuvius, pp.
314-6 ; Accius, pp. 318-25 ; notes pp. 567 ff.
W. W. Merry. Selected Fragmeiits of Roman Poetry.
2nd edition. Oxford. Clar. Press. 1898. Con-
tains some Livius, pp. 7-13 ; Naevius, pp. 14-30 ;
Pacuvius, pp. 68-91; Accius, pp. 112-145.
E. Diehl. Poetarum Romanorum Veterum Reliquiae.
Selegit E. D. Bonn. Weber, 1911. Kleine
Texte, 69. This contains much of Livius, pp. 6-9 ;
Naevius, pp. 9 ff. ; Pacuvius, pp. 49 ff. ; Accius,
pp. 73 ff.
xxiv
INTRODUCTION
O. Ribbeck. Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Frag-
menia. I. Tragicorum Rom. Fr. ; II. Comicorum
Rom. Fr. praeter Plauhun et Terejitiiim. Leipzig.
1st edition, 1852; 2nd edition, trag. 1871, com.
1873 ; 3rd edition (' Teubner Texts '), trag.
1897, com. 1898. These volumes contain the
plays only. For the other works of the four
poets see : —
A. Baehrens. Fragmenta Poetarum Romanorum.
Leipzig. Teubner. 1886. Contains Livius'
Odyssey, pp. 37 ff. ; Naevius' Bellum Piinicum
and other remains (not of plays), pp. 43 if. ;
and Accius' Annates, Didascalica, Parerga,
Pragmatica, pp. 43 ff. Revised issue of this
collection, with same scope, by W. Morel. 1927.
Livius, pp. 7-17 ; Naevius, pp. 17-28 ; Accius,
pp. 34 ff. See also A. Egger, below, p. xxvii.
Other more or less complete collections (of course
antiquated, and containing much unrectified confusion
between Livius, Laevius, Novius, and Naevius) :
R. and H. Stephanus. Fragmenta Poetarum Veterum
Romanorum. . . . a Rob. Stephano . . . congesta,
ah Henrico . . . digesta. 1564. A beautiful
book containing all Livius, pp. 144 if. ; Naevius,
pp. 214 ff. ; Pacuvius, pp. 237 ff. ; and Accius,
pp. 5 ff.
A.P.B.P.G. Corpus Omnium Veterum Poetarum
Latinorum. I. Geneva. Crispinus. 1611. Con-
tains more or less all Livius, pp. 2-3 ; Naevius,
pp. 334 ff. ; Pacuvius, pp. 340 ff. ; Accius,
pp. 351 ff. Another edition, 1627 ; Livius,
pp. 1-2 ; Naevius, pp. 288 ff. ; Pacuvius, pp.
293 ff. ; Accius, 301 ff.
INTRODUCTION
M. A. Del Rio (Delrius). Syntagma Tragoediae
Latinae. Paris. 1619. Part I has the tragic
fragments of Livius (pp. 93-5) ; Naevius (pp.
108-111); Pacuvius (pp. 111-125); and Aceius
(pp. 125-151).
P. Sehrijver, P. Scriverius. Collectanea Veierum
Tragicorum. . . . G. J. Vossii in Fragmenta L.
Livii Andronici [pp. 1 ff.], Q. Ennii^ C. Naevii
[pp. 39 flP.], M. Pacuvii [pp. 49 fF.], L. Attii
[pp. 89 ff.] Castigationes et Notae, Leyden.
Maire. 1620. Bound up with Sehrijver 's Seneca
Tragicus. Contains mostly tragic fragments only.
M. Maittaire. Opera et Fragmenta Veterum Poetarum
Latinorum. II. London. Nicholson. 1713, 1721.
Contains all Livius (pp. 1456-7) ; Naevius
(pp. 1473-8), Pacuvius (pp. 1479-1483), and
most of Aceius (pp. 1487-1496).
Corpus Omnium Veterum Poetarum Latinorum. II.
London. Vaillant. 1721. Has all Livius (pp.
1456-7); Naevius (pp. 1473-8); Pacuvius (pp.
1479-83) ; and the plays of Aceius (pp. 1487-96).
P. Amati. Collectio Pisaurensis Omnium Poematum,
Carminum, Fragmentorum Latinorum. W.
Pesaro. 1766. Contains all Livius (pp.
261-4); Naevius (pp. 288-98); Pacuvius (pp.
298-308); and the plays of Aceius (pp. 314-
332).
J. J3. Levee et G. A. Le Monnier. Theatre complei
des Latins (Latin and French), XV. Paris.
Chasseriau. 1822. Contains the plays of
Livius (pp. 1 ff.) ; Naevius (pp. 65 ff.) ; Pacuvius
(pp. 283 ff.) ; Aceius (pp. 107 ff.).
F. H. Bothe. Poetarum Scenicorum Latinorum Frag-
menta. Leipzig. 1834. Vols. V, \\.
xxvi
INTRODUCTION
Separate editions of iiidividual authors
Livius
G.Hermann. EIeme?ita Doctrinae Metricae. Leipzig.
Fleischer. 1816. Ill, pp. 617-28. Od i/ s s ei/ on\y .
H. Duentzer. L. Livii Andronici Fragmenta coUecta
et ijilustrata. Berlin. Nietack. 1835, 1874.
Plays only.
A. E. Egger. Latini Sermonis Vetustioris Reliquiae
Selectae. Paris. Hachette. 1843. Pp. 116-
121. Odyssey only. Contains also selections
from Naevius, Pacuvius, and Accius.
E. Klussmann. Livii Andronici Dramatum Reliquiae.
I. Jena. 1849. Tragedies only.
L. Mueller. Der Saiurnische Vers. Leipzig. Teubner.
1885. Pp. 124-132. Odyssey only. Cp. L.
Havet, De Saiurnio Latinorum Versu. Paris,
1880. Pp. 425fF.
L. Mueller. Livi Andronici et Cn. Naevi Fahulariim
Reliquiae. Berlin. 1885. [Livius : pp. 4-8, 25 ff.]
H. De la Mile de Mirmont. J^tudes sur Vancienne
Poesie Latine. Paris. Fortemoing. 1903.
[Livius, pp. 5-201.]
G. Pascoli. Epos, I. Livorno. Giusti. 2nd edition.
1911. [Livius, Odyssey, pp. 1-6.]
Naevius
G. Hermann. Elei?ie?ita Doctrinae Metricae. Leipzig.
Fleischer. 1816. Ill, pp. 629-38. Bellum
Punicum.
L.Mueller. Der Saiurnische Vers. Leipzig. Teubner.
1885. Pp. 134-146 (not plays).
L. Mueller. Livi Andronici et Cn. Naevi Fahularum
.Reliquiae. Berlin. 1885. [Naevius: pp. 8-
25, 27 ff.]
xxvii
INTRODUCTION
L. Mueller. Q. Eiini Carminum Reliquiae. Ac-
cedunt Cn. Xaevi Belli Poenici quae supersunt.
(St. Petersburg). Ricker. 1884. [Naevius:
pp. 157 ff.]
E. P. J. Spangenberg. Qui?iti Enni Annalium. . . .
Fratrmeiita. . . . Accedunt Cn. Naevii Librorum
de Be Ho Punico Fragmenta. . . . opera et studio
E.S. Leipzig. 1825. [Naevius : pp. 183 ff.]
E. Klussmann. C}i. Naevii Poetae Romani vitam
descripsit, carminum reliqidas collegit, poesis
rationemexposuitE.K. Jena. Hochhausen. 1843.
J. \'ahlen. Cn. Naevi de Bello Punico Reliquiae.
Leipzig. Teubner. 1854.
(j. Pascoli. Epos. I. Livorno. Giusti. 2nd edition.
1911. [Naevius, Bellum Puniciim, pp. 6-13.]
Pacuvius
There is no separate treatment of Pacuvius except
C. Faggiano. Ricosiruzione dei drammi e trad. d.
frammenti. Galatina. Marra and Lanzi. 1930.
Accius
F. H. Cramer. L. Attii Fragmenta post Bothii. . . .
curas emendavit F.H.C. Pt. 1. Monasterre.
Coppenrath. 1852.
L. Mueller. C Lucili Saturarum Reliquiae. Accedunt
Acci (praeter Scenica^ et Suei carminum Reliquiae.
Leipzig. Teubner. 1872. [Accius: pp. 303 ff.]
E. H. Warmington.
Birkheck College, University of London,
Fetter Lane, London, E.C. 4.
I^rdof June,\^m.
xxviii
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
VOL. II.
TRAGOEDIAE
ACHILLES
1
Nonius, 365, 37 : ' Pretium ' . . . Livius Achille —
Achilles
Si malas imitabo, turn tu pretium pro noxa dabis.
Cp. Non., 473, 19; Horn., II., IX, 260 s.
AEGISTHUS
2-4
Nonius, 512, 31 : ' Aequiter.' . . . Livius Aegistho —
Nam ut Pergama
accensa et praeda per participes aequiter
partita est,
Cp. Sen., Agam.y 422.
5-6
Nonius, 335, 26 : ' Lustrare ' est circumire . . . —
Tum autem lascivum Nerei simum pecus
ludens ad cantum classem lustratur.
Cp. Non., 158, 35 (5). Sen., Agam., 449 s.
* malos ed. princ. malas cdd. 365 males cdd. 473
(malas Bamb.)
* lustratur cdd. lustrat navium Klussmann lus-
tratur <choro>Ribb. classium lustrat rates Buecheler {coll.
Sen., Agam., 455)
2
TRAGEDIES
ACHILLES
1
Achilles refuses to accept the gifts offered by Agamemnon :
Nonius : ' Pretium ' . . . Livius in Achilles —
Achilles
If I take women-cowards for my pattern,
Then you, yes you, will pay the price for ^^Tong.
AEGISTHUS «
2-4
How the Greeks returned from Troy. Capture of the city :
Nonius : ' Aequiter ' . . . Livius in Aegisthus—
For, Pergama being burnt out, the booty shared
Fairly amongst the men partaking of it,
5-6
The voyage home began in fair weather ; sporting dolphins :
Nonius : ' Lustrare ' means to circle round ... —
But then the frisky snub-nosed herd of Nereus
Ranged round the vessels, sporting to our songs.
" This play may well have influenced Seneca in his
Agamemnon : R. 28 fE.
b2
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
Nonius, 166, 23 : ' Ruminari ' dictum in memoriam revo-
care ... —
Agamemno
Nemo haece vostrum runiinetur mulieri.
Cp. Sen., Agam., 800-1.
8
Nonius, 176, 12 : ' Sollemnitus ' pro sollemniter. Livius
Aegistho —
sollemnitusque deo litat laudem et lubens.
Cp. Sen., Again. y 802 s.
9-10
Nonius, 127, 32 : ' luxtim ' pro ' iuxta,' ... —
Cassandra ?
... in sedes conlocat se regias ;
Clutaemestra luxtim, tertias natae occupant.
Cp. Sen., Agam., 879 s.
' haece IVIr. haec cdd. vostrum D. Heinsius vost-
ronim Onions voster cdd,
Non. 176 : Livius Bentin. Accius Urbin. Lucilius
cdd.
® deo litat vel adcantitat Ribb. deo dicat Mr. adytali
deo coni. Linds. adeo attuli {vel adeo illicita ille)
Bothe accedit vel dedicat Hermann adeo ditat Kluss-
mann adeo litato audit Duentzer adeo ditali cdd.
(adconditali Lu.) laudem et lubens {vel audet 1.) Bothe
adoret ac laudet Buecheler laude illubens Klussmann
audit lubens Duentzer laudet lubens cdd. laudes edd.
TRAGEDIES
7
Agamemnon demands that Cassandra be well treated :
Nonius : ' Ruminari ' (chew the cud) is a term used for
recall to memory ... —
Agamemnon
Not one of you must chew the cud of this
Within the woman's hearing.*^
8
Agamemnon gave thanks to the gods :
Nonius : ' Sollemnitus ' for ' sollemniter.' Livius * in
Aegisthus —
With wonted worship and \\dth willing heart
He made good sacrifice of praise to God.
9-10
How Agamemnon vms murdered as he sat at table with
Clytaemnestra and his daughters Electra and Chrysothemis :
Nonius : ' luxtim ' for ' iuxta.' ... —
Cassandra ? '^
He seats himself upon the royal chair,
And Clytaemnestra is next to him ; the thirds
Their daughters occupy.
^ i.e. no one shall remind Cassandra about Troy. R., 30.
^ The name of the author is not certain, and the quotation
is corrupt. In Seneca, Agamemnon himself reports his own
action, so that the corrupt ditali may be dictavi {ditat Kluss-
mann).
'^ In Seneca the scene is described by Cassandra, who either
stands where she can see into the palace, or is able to see the
murder by divine power. So also perhaps in Livius.
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
11
Nonius, 110, 32 : ' Fligi,' affligi . . . —
Ipsus se in terram saucius fligit cadens.
Cp. Sen., Agam., 901 5.
12-13
Nonius, 23, 20 : ' Procacitcas ' a procando vel poscendo
dicitur. ... —
Aegisthus
Quin, quod parere mihi vos maiestas mea
procat, toleratis temploque hanc deducitis ?
Cp. Sen., Agam., 997 s.
u
Nonius, 132, 29 : ' Laetare ' et ' laetiscere,' laetificare
lamne oculos specie laetavisti optabili ?
Cp. Non., 386, 29. .
MAX MASTIGOPHORUS
15
Nonius, 127, 13 : ' lamdiu ' pro olim. . . . Livius Aiace—
Mirum videtur quod sit factum iam diu ?
^^ ipsus Bothe ipse odd,
^2 mihi suppl. Ribb. {qui et vos mi coni.) parere m. v. m.
procat Bothe vosmet Klussmann vos iam Hermann
maiestas mea procat |<ultro> t. Buecheler
<* Of Agamemnon's corpse.
TRAGEDIES
11
Agamemnon falls mortally wounded :
Nonius : ' Fligi,' the same as ' affligi ' . . . —
Himself fell hurt and dashed himself to earth.
12-13
Aegisthus demands that Electra be dragged from her refuge :
Nonius : ' Procacitas ' is a term derived from ' procare,'
that is, to demand. ... —
Aegisthus
You must endure the duty of obedience
To what my majesty demands. Lead you
This woman from the temple !
14
Unplaced fragment :
Nonius : ' Laetare ' and ' laetiscere,' the same as ' laeti-
ficare ' . . . —
And have you done with gladdening your eyes
Upon a sight ** desirable ?
.3 A J AX WHIP-BEARER 6
15
The Cheeks forget Ajax's great deeds at Troy ? :
Nonius : ' lamdiu ' for once upon a time. . . . Livius in
Ajax —
Does that seem wonderful because 'twas done
Now long ago ?
'' Based apparently on Sophocles' Ata?, to which name the
MSS. of Sophocles add MaariYO(f>6pos — an epithet adopted
probably by some Alexandrian scholar.
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
16-17
Nonius, 207, 32 : ' Gelu ' neutri generis . . . Livius
Aiace Mastigophoro —
Praestatur laus virtuti, sed multo ocius
verno gelu tabescit.
Cp. Soph., Ai., 1266-7.
ANDROMEDA
18
Nonius, 62, 15 : ' Confluges ' loca in quae rivi diversi con-
fluant. Livius Andromeda —
confluges ubi conventu campum totum inumigant.
DANAE
19
Nonius, 473, 26 : ' Minitas ' pro ' minaris.' Livius Danae —
. . . Etiam minitas ? Mitte ea quae tua sunt magis
quam mea.
Non. 207 : Titus Livius pisi cdd. Titus seclnd. lun.
Livius bis in vel posuit coni, Linds.
i^~^' sic Ribb. sec. Bueeheler praestat vel praestat vero
coni. Linds. set gelu Linds. praestatur virtuti laus gelu
set multo ocius venio tabescit cdd. (vento Flor. 3)
1^ confluges Flor. 3 confluge Lu.G. ubi cdd. cubi
(rivi olim) Ribb. conventu lun. conventum cdd.
Non. 473 : Naevius Pius.
^' mea . . . tua {vel tua . . . minus . . . mea) Mr. trib.
Naev. ' Dan.^ Aid.
8
TRAGEDIES
16-17
Teucer on the short memory of men for a dead hero ? "
Nonius : ' Gelu ' in the neuter gender . . . Livius .
Ajax Whip-bearer —
To virtue praise is offered,
But quicker far it melts than ice in spring.
ANDROMEDA
18
Flood sent by Neptune on the land of Ethiopia :
Nonius : ' Confluges,' places into which streams flow
together from different directions. Livius in Andromeda —
When many a watersmeet floods over all
The fields.
DANAE »
19
Nonius : ' Minitas ' for ' minaris.' Livius in Danae —
Do you then threaten? Why, have done with
things ^
Which, rather than to me, belong to you.
" I accept Ribbeck, 26, in want of something better.
'' Cp. Naevius' Dana^ (pp. 112 ff.), to which this fr. may
belong.
'^ Threats, apparently, unless rnea and tua have changed
places.
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
EQUOS TROIANUS
20-22
Nonius, 475, 10 : * Opitula.' Livius Equo Troiano—
Da mihi
hasce opes quas peto, quas precor ! Porrige,
opitula !
HERMIONA
23
Nonius, 111, 7: ' Fuam ' sim vel fiam. . . . Livius Her-
miona —
Andromacha
Obsecro te, Anciale, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas.
TEREUS
Nothing definite can be said about the plot of this play.
Possibly Livius did not follow the normal version of the
legend which appears in the frs. of Accius' play (see pp. 543 ff .),
but one given by Hj^ginus, Fab.y XLV. Tereus of Thrace,
married to Procne, daughter of Pandion, desired to marry his
other daughter Philomela, and told him that Procne was dead.
Pandion sent her under escort; Tereus outraged Philomela,
and sent her to King Lynceus whose queen Laethusa, being a
2^ porrige cd. Nic. Fabri corrige relL
" We have also apparently a Trojan Horse of Naftvius
(pp. 116-7) and a Trojan Horse of which the author is not
10
TRAGEDIES
THE TROJAN HORSE «
20-22
Cassandra having failed to persuade the Trojans that there
are enemies in the horse calls on Apollo for help ? :
Nonius : ' Opitula.' Livius in The Trojan Horse —
Hold out to me here the help for which I beg and
pray ! Oh, grant thou it ! Bring me help !
HERMIONA ^
23 _
Andromache, captive mistress of Neoptolemus, to their son
Anchialus (Amphialits) :
Nonius : ' Fuam ' for ' sim ' or ' fiam.' . . . Livius in
Hermiona —
Andromache
Anchialus, be not in anything,
I pray you, turned against your mother.
TEREUS
friend of Procne, brought the sisters together. They planned
a revenge on Tereus. He, learning from soothsayers that
Itys, his son by Procne, would be killed by a kinsman's hand,
killed his guiltless brother Drj^as. Then Procne killed Itys,
served him up as a feast to Tereus, and fled with Philomela.
Tereus pursued them, but Procne was changed by the gods into
a swallow, Philomela into a nightingale, and Tereus into a
hawk. R., 35 ff.
named (see p. 623). All the frs. may belong to one play by
Livius or Naevius. Cf. LaUier, Mel. Graux, 1884, 103;
Rostagni, in Biv., XLIV, 379; Tolkiehn, .V. Jahrb. f. Kl.
'Fhil, CLV, 101 ; Terzaghi, Atti di Torino, LX, 660.
^ Cp. Pacuvius' play, pp. 22i £E., and Hygin,, Fab., 123. .
II
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
24
Nonius, 5ir>, 24 : * Rarenter ' . . . Livius Tereo —
Rarenter venio.
25-6
Nonius, 334, 2 : ' Limare ' etiam dicitur coniungere. ... —
Procne
Credito
cum illo soror mea voluntate numquam limavit caput.
27-8
Nonius, 153, 22 : ' Perbitere,' perire ... —
Procne
Ego puerum interead ancillae subdam lactantem
meae
ne fame perbitat.
2* venio G. Lugd. Bamb., Harl. 2, al. vento Lu.\ venit
Par. 7666 venito Harl.y Par. 7667 Escorial. {rede ?)
26 illo soror Mercier illoc olli Ribb. illo sola Bothe
illo Filomela ex Mr. iUoe olim coni. Linds. illos
soli cdd. limavi Mercier limavit cdd.
2' interead Ribb. interea cdd. lactantem Palmer
(Spic), et cd. Flor. ? lactentem Bongars lactentera vel
lactanti Voss lactandum Heinsius lactantem cdd.
" sc. Tereus'. Limare caput cum aliquo means to kiss
{limare, to file off, whet, rub); the word may be used here
12
TRAGEDIES
24
Laethusa or Philomela to Procne ? :
Nonius : ' Rarenter.' . . . Livius in Tereits —
Raresomely I come.
25-6
Procne {speaking to Laethusa ?) :
Nonius : ' Limare ' (to file) is a term even used in the sense
of join together ... —
Procne
Believe me, never with my own consent
Did she my sister press her cheek to his.'*
27-8
Itys, Procne' s baby :
Nonius : * Perbitere,' the same as * perire.' ... —
Procne ^
Meanwhile
I'll put the suckling boy beneath the breast
Of my slave-woman, lest he die of hunger.
with a double meaning derived from lima, a file, and limus,
mud (as in Plant., Poen., I, 2, 85-6 = 292, cp. Mercat., Ill,
1, 40 = 532) : ' Never did my sister's person foul his.'
'' She is really going to kill him so as to serve him up to
Tereus.
13
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
29
Nonius, 475, 34 : ' Praestolat ' pro praestolatur. ... —
Tereus
Nimis pol inprudenter servus praestolaras.
EX INCERTIS FABULIS
Varro, L.L., VII, 3, Nee minim quom. . . . Teucer Livii
post annos XV ab suis qui sit ignoretur.
30
Festus, 196, 17 : ' Oerem ' antiqui . . . montem con-
fragosum vocabant, ut aput Livium. ... —
haut ut quern Chiro in Pelio docuit ocri.
31
Paulus, ex F., 8, 25 : ' Anclare,' haurire, a Graeco descendit.
Livius —
Florem anculabant Liberi ex carchesiis.
Cp. Thes. Nov. LaL, ap. Mai, CL And.-, VIII, 26.
2' inprudenter cdd. inpudenter coni, Ribb. servus
cdd. servis lun. serus coni. Maehly praestolaras cdd.
praestolabas Ribb. servus praestolarat Buecheler servu's
praestolaras coni. Linds.
Varro L.L., VII, 3 : XII cd. Flor,
3" trib. ' AchilV Ribb.
3^ anculabant S anclabant aid.
* So I take it, retaining the quite natural readings in Nonius.
' For the more doubtful fragments and titles, cf. H. de la
Ville de Mirmont, Etudes sur Vane, poeaie Int., pp. 173 ff.
" Between the outbreak of the Trojan war and Teucer's
return to Salamis.
1.4
TRAGEDIES
29
Tereus has discovered that he. has eaten of his son : "
Nonius : ' Praestolat ' for ' praestolatur.' ... —
Tereus
Oh, God ! So all unkno^v•ingly it was
That you stood waiting as a slave.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS^
From a play entitled ' Teucer ' or ' Telamo ' ? :
Varro : And it is no wonder when . . . Teucer in Livius
after fifteen years '^ is not recognised by his people.
30
From ' Achilles ' ? :
Festus : ' Ocris ' . . . a term used by archaic writers of
a rugged mountain, for example in the works of Livius. ... —
Not like the man whom Chiron taught
On Pelion the rugged craig.*^
31
Other fragments :
Paidus : ' Anclare,' to drain/ is derived from a Greek
word. Livius —
From goblets they were ser\-ing out the juice
Of Liber's flower.
^ Phoenix chides Achilles ? R., 25.
* haurire suggests ' draw out,' ' drain ' (not ' drink dry ')
in the sense in which exanclare was often used (cp. the Greek
dvrXelv). But anclare or anculare should here be taken in its
other sense, which is the same as that of exanclare : ' to
serv^e out,' to bring as a servant does {anculare dicebant pro
ministrare — Paul., 15, 7). The Greek word meant by Paiius
would be ayKvXovv, to crook the hand.
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
32-5
Festus, 196, 17 : ' Ocrem ' . . . aput Livium —
. . . sed qui sunt hi qui ascendunt altum ocrim ?
et—
celsosque ocres
arvaque putria et mare magnum ;
. . . namque Taenari celsos ocres
36
Festus, 450, 29 : ' Struices ' antiqui dicebant extructioncs
omnium rerum, . . . Livius —
quo Castalia per struices saxeas lapsu accidit.
37
Paulus, ex F., 47, 20 :—
dusmo in loco
apud Livium significant dumosum locum. Antiqui enim
interserebant s litteram.
38
Paulus, ex F., 161, 4 : Alii dicunt nefrendes infantes esse
nondum frendentes, id est frangentes. Livius —
quern ego nefrendem alui lacteam inmulgens opem.
Cp. Fest., 160, 15; Thes. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, CI. And.,
VIII, 378 (. . . Naevius).
39
Nonius, 197, 28 : ' Quis ' et generi feminino attribui posse
veterum auctoritas voluit. Livius —
Mulier, quisquis es, te volumus.
^* magnum <et> Mr.
3' dusmo Paul. {cp. Fldcid., ap. Mai, CI. Auct., Ill, 452 )
dusmoso vulg.
i6
TRAGEDIES
32-5
Festus : ' Ocris ' ... in the works of Livius —
But who are these that cUmb the lofty craig r
and — "
high craigs and crumbhng tilth and mighty main ;
for the high craigs of Taenarus
36
Festus : ' Stniices.' A word which the archaic writers
used for ' structures ' of all kinds of things. . . . Livius —
whither Castalia ^ falls tumbling over stony heaps.
37
Paulus : By ' dusmo in loco '
in a bushy place
in a passage of Livius is meant ' dumosus locus.' For the
archaic writers used thus to insert the letter s.
38
Paulus : Others say that ' nefrendes ' means infants who
are not yet ' frendentes,' that is ' frangentes.' Livius —
Whom as a toothless babe
I fed by suckling with supply of milk.
39
Nonius : ' Quis.' The authority of the old writers saw fit
to make this form attributable to the feminine gender as well
as the masculine. Livius —
Woman, whoe'er you are, it's you we seek.
" Possibly in his Odyssey (pp. 24-43), cp. Horn., Od., V,
411-412.
* A spring at the foot of Mount Parnassus,
17
VOL. II. C
LI\ lUS ANDRONICUS
40
Festus, 340, 8 : ' Quinquertium ' vocabant antiqui quod
Graeci irevTaOXov. . . . Livius quoquo ipsos athletas sic
nominal —
Quinquertiones praeco in medium provocat.
41
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 230, 27 K : ' Puer,' ' pueri,' cuius
f emininum ' puera ' dicebant antiquissimi. . . . Livius ... —
puerarum manibus confectum pulcherrime.
SPURIUM?
INO
In spite of Maurus' attribution of a single fragment of a
play Ino to Livius ' of Greek surname,' and the attribution
by Marius Victorinus of part of Maurus' quotation to Livius
Andronicus, it is probable that we must either attribute the
single fragment to Laevius' Ino, of which Priscian quotes two
lines describing Ino's leap into the sea, or treat it as an invention
by some grammarian. It might be wrong to say that Livius
never wrote a hexameter; but it is difficult to attribute to
him the dactyHc lines (given below) as they stand.
Athamas, son of Aeolus, was made mad by Juno, and during
a hunt killed Learchus, the elder of two sons by Ino. She,
41 a-d
Terentianus Maurus, ap. G.L., VI, 383, 1931 K :—
Livius ille vetus Graio cognomine suae
inserit Inoni versus puto tale docimen :
praemisso heroo subiungit namque miuron,
hymnum quando chorus festo canit ore Triviae : —
*" provocat Ribb. vocat cd.
<* The hunt was the occasion when Athamas killed his elder
son Learchus.
i8
TRAGEDIES
40
Festus : ' Quinquertium.' A term used by archaic writers
to express the -nivTadXov of the Greeks. . . . Livius too calls
the athletes themselves ' quinquertiones,' thus —
The crier calls the fivesmen to the ring.
41
Priscianus : ' Puer,' genitive ' pueri.' The most archaic
writers used to employ the form ' puera ' for the feminine
of this noun. . . . Livius ... —
Most beautifully ^\Tought by maidens' hands.
SPURIOUS?
INO
likewise mad, threw the younger son, MeHcertes, into a boiling
cauldron, and jumped with the dead body into the sea.
Mother and son were added to the gods, Ino as Leucothea (her
Roman counterpart being Mater Matuta), MeHcertes as
Palaemon (his Roman counterpart being Portunus). There
were several diflferent varieties of this legend. The play may
have included the connection of Ino and Melicertes with Italy
and Rome (Ovid, F., VI, 417 ff.). Cf. R., 33-5 ; F. Leo, De
Tragoedia Romana, 12 ff. ; Knapp, Am. Journ. Philol., XXIII,
15; Schenkl, Wien. Stud., XVI, 159.
41 a-d
Chorus of hunters " in a hymn to Diana ? :
Terentianus Maurus : The famous Livius of old, he of the
Greek surname, inserted into his Ino, I believe, lines of the
following pattern : thus to a preceding heroic hexameter
he tags a miurus * at the moment when the chorus with merry
voices sing a song to the Goddess Threeway. — ■
^ lx€iovpos, a ' curtailed ' hexameter where the last spondee
is replaced by an iambus.
19
c2
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
Chorus
Et iam purpureo suras include cothurno,
balteus et revocet volucres in pectore sinus ;
pressaque iam gravida crepitent tibi terga pharetra,
derige odorisequos ad certa cubilia canes.
Cp. Mar. Vict., ap. G.L., VI, 685 5. K.; Verg., Aen., I,
337, purpureoque alte suras vincire cothurno ; cp. Eel., VII, 32.
FABULAE PALLIATAE
GLADIOLUS
1
Festus, 258, 14 : ' Pedes ' . . . pro pediculis . . . Livius
in Gladiolo —
Pulicesne an cimices an pedes ? Responde mihi.
Cp. Plant., Cure, 499-500.
LUDIUS
Festus, 488, 32 : ' Scenam ' genus <fuisse ferri> mani-
f estura est, sed utruin securis an dolabra sit ambigitur ; quam
Cincius in libro qui est de Verbis Priscis dolabram ait esse
pontificiam. Livius in Ludio —
corruit quasi ictus scena, haut multo secus.
Terent. Maur. 1931 s.: reicit ut spur. Haupt. trib, Laev. S
2 scena haut cd. scena taurus Mr. secena. —
<Sicine?> — Hau Ribb.
20
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
Chorus
And now enclose your legs in dark hunting-boots,
and let a belt hitch back upon your breast the
fluttering folds. Now let your back thump under
the jolts of a laden quiver. Set the scent-following
hounds towards the lairs assured.
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
THE DAGGER"
1
Festus: 'Pedes' . . . stands for ' pediculi' (lice) . . . Livius
in The Dagger —
Fleas or bugs or lice ? Come, ansM'er me.
THE GAMESTER**
Festus : ' Scena.' It is manifest that this was a kind of
iron tool, but it is doubtful whether it is a hatchet or a pickaxe.
Cincius, in his book which deals with archaic words, says it
is a priest's pickaxe. Livius in The Gamester —
Down fell he as one with a pick-axe struck —
Not very far from that.
" This suggests a Greek model, 'Ey;^eiptSiov ; plays of this
title were -m-itten by Menander, Philemon, and apparently
Sophilus.
^ Cp. Aristomenes' FoT^re? and Amphis' (or Amphias')
UXdvos. Ritschl, Opusc, III, 320.
21
I.IVIUS ANDRONICUS
EX AMBIGUI TITULI FABULA
3
Festus, 186, 22 : Nobilem antiqui pro noto ponebant, et
quidem per g litterani. . . . Livius f Virgo f —
. . . ornamento incedimt gnobilid ignobiles.
EX INCERTIS FABULIS
4
Paulus, ex F., 8, 34 : ' Adfatim ' dictum a copia fatendi
. . . Livius —
adfatim edi bibi lusi.
Cp. Mai, CI. Auct., VIII, 56 (adfatim aedibus 1.)
5
Festus, 570, 3 : ' Vacerram ' . . . Ateius . . . Philologus
hoc nomine significari maledictum magnae acerbitatis . . .
teste Livio qui dicit —
. . . vecorde et malefica vacerra.
6
Vopiscus, ap. Hist. Aug., 13 : Ipsi denique comici plerumque
sic milites inducunt ut eos faciant vetera dicta usurpare.
Nam (Terent., Eun., Ill, 1, 36)—
Lepus tute es ; et pulpamentum quaeris I
Livii Andronici dictum est.
Fest. 186 : Virgo cd. Virgine S Virga Duentzer
Verpo {vel Vargo) Ribb. Auriga Guenther Naevius in
Lycurgo Mr.
^ ornamento incedunt S omamenta incendunt cd.
ornatu Ursinus nobili ignobiles cd. gnobiles ignobili 0.
Mr. gnobiles ignobiles Ribb. gnobili(5ecZ2«i. ignobiles) S
* trib. ' Odiss.' S coll. Horn., Od., XV, 373
^ vecors S vacerra S vecordia cd. trib. ' Odiss.* S coll.
Horn., Od., II, 243 {<f>p4va? ijAee) ; cp. XVII, 248
22
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
OF UNCERTAIN TITLE
3
Festus : ' Nobilis.' Put by archaic writers for ' notus,'
and further spelt with a g. . . . Livius in f Virgo j — °^
In noble trappings march ignoble men.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS^
4
Paulus : ' Adfatim ' is the term derived from the idea of a
full confession (' fateri ' '"). . . . Livius —
I ate
And drank and sported to my heart's content.
5
Festus : ' Vacerra.' . . . Ateius Philologus says that by
this noun is meant an abusive word of great bitterness . . .
his witness is Livius, who says : — '^
a rascally stupid stump.
6
Vopiscus : Lastly the comic poets also (or most of them)
make soldiers whom they bring onto the stage use old proverbs.
Thus the following {in Terence) —
A hare — that's you ; and yet you're hunting game ! ^
is a saying of Livius Andronicus.
" We have probably to choose between ' Virgine ' (Scaliger)
and ' Virga ' (Duentzer).
* The first two may belong to Livius' Odyssey.
" A false derivation. The suggested parallel to this
quotation in Homer {Od., XV, 373, tojv €J>ay6v t' cttioV re) is
not conclusive.
^ Perhaps in the Odyssey ?
* A proverb about doing a thing for which the doer is quite
unsuited.
23
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
ODISSIA
1
I
Horn., Od., I, 1 "Xvhpa ixoL ii'verre, Mouaa, TroXurpoTTov,
Gellius, XVIII, 9, 5 : Offendi in bibliotheca Patrensi librum
verae vetustatis Livii Andronici, qui inscriptus est 'OSvaaeia,
in quo erat versus primus cum hoe verbo {inseque) sine u
littera—
Mrum mihi, Camena, insece versutum,
2
I, 45 *fi TTctTep Tjixenpe KpoviBt), cp. I, 81, al.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 305, 8 : ' 0 filie ' et ' o fili.' Livius
Andronicus in Odissia —
' Pater noster, Saturni filie,
3-4
I, 64 TeVvov cfiov, TToiov ae Itto? (f>vy€v epKOs oBovroiv.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 230, 27 K : ' Puer, pueri,' cuius
femininum puera dicebant antiquissimi ... —
* Mea puer, quid verbi ex tuo ore supra
fugit }
Cp. Charis., ap. G.L., I, 84, 5 K : (puer et in feminino
sexu. . . ,)
2 filie <rex summe> B coll. Od., I, 45, 81
^ puer Cluir. puera Prise. supra cdd. Prise. Char.
supera Fleckeisen fugit vel fuit Prise. audio Char.
subterfugit Hermann
24
THE ODYSSEY
THE ODYSSEY"
1
I
Invocation ; first line of the work :
Gellius : I came across in the library at Patrae a manu-
script of Livius Andronicus of genuine antiquity and entitled
The Odyssey; in it stood the first line with this word {inseque)
spelt without the letter u —
Tell me, O Goddess of song, of the clever man.
Athena to Jupiter :
Priscianus : Vocative ' filie ' and ' fill.' Livius Andronicus
in The Odyssey —
* O father of us all, O Saturn's son.
Jupiter to Athena :
Priscianus : ' Puer ' genitive ' pueri.' The most archaic
writers used to employ the form ' puera ' for the feminine of
this noun ... —
' What word was that.
My daughter, that scaped up out of your mouth }
" Where a Homeric parallel to Livius occurs more than once
in Homer, I have given Livius' words as his translation of the
first occurrence of the Greek ; there is no evidence that Livius
consistently repeated his translations of passages repeated by
Homer. For The Odyssey, cf. de Mirmont, Etudes, 83 ff.
25
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
5
I, 65 naj? av €7T€LT* 'OSvaijos eyco deioio Xadoifirjv . . . ,
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 301, 9 K: Haec . . . eadem etiam
in e proferebant antiquissimi, 0 Vergilie, Mercurie dicentes
*. . . Neque enim te oblitus sum Laertie noster,
6
I, 136-7 XepvijSa S' a/Lt^iVoAo? Ttpoxoii) eVe^eue <j)ipovaa \ KoXij
XpvaeLT] v-nkp apyvp4oio Xc^tjtos. Cp. VII, 172-4, al.
Nonius, 544, 20 : ' Poly brum ' , . . nos trulleum vocamus.
Livius —
argenteo polybro, aureo eglutro
7
I, 169 [et al.) 'AAA' dye p,oi roSe ewe kol drpeKecos KardXe^ov
Nonius, 509, 20 : ' Disertim ' . . . plane, palam. . . .
Livius —
' tuque mihi narrato omnia disertim ;
8
I, 225-6 TiV Sai?, ris Sat opLtXos oS' eTrAero ; TLnre Se ae
pfpeco ; I elXaTTLVT] rj€ ydfios ;
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 321, 6 : Nominativus {daps) in usu
frequenti non est, queni Livius Andronicus in I Odissiae
ponit —
' Quae haec daps est ? Qui festus dies ?
9
I, 248 roaaoL /LtT^rep' ijx-qv fivcovrai,
Paulus, ex F., 282, 3 : ' Procitum,' cum prima syllaba
corripitur, significat petitum. Livius — •
' . . . matrem procitum plurimi venerunt,
' tamen Par. 7496 enim rell. sum laertiae vel lertie
cdd. Lertie sum B
26
THE ODYSSEY
Priscianus : Still, these proper names in -ius were even
inflected with -e by the most archaic writers, who used
' Vergilie ' and ' Mercurie ' as vocatives ... —
* Be sure too I have not forgotten you
Our OMTi Laertes' son.
Athena, disguised as a stranger Mentes, is welcomed at
Ulysses' palace :
Nonius : * Polj'brum ' ... is a term we use for a wash-
basin. Livius —
A silver basin and a golden pitcher
7
TelemacJius asks Athena {as Mentes) to tell about herself :
Nonius : ' Disertim ' (clearly, expressly) . . . plainly,
openly. . . . Livius —
' and you must expressly tell me your whole story ;
She in turn asJcs about the feasting that is going on :
Priscianus : The nominative case (daps) is not in common
use; it is employed bv Livius Andronicus in the first book of
The"
' What means this banquet, \vhat this festive day?
9
Telemachus explains how suitors surround his mother :
Paulus : ' Procitum,' when the first syllable is short, means
the same as ' petitum.' Livius —
' many have come to woo my mother,
^ eglutro 0. Mr. eclutro B et glutro cdd.
^ matrem <meam> Havet fortasse meam m.
27
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
10
II
II, 99-100 61? o re K€v fxiv \ fxolp^ oXorj KadiXrjoi. . . . Cp. Ill,
237 s. al.
Gellius, III, 16, 11 : Caesellius . . . Vindex . . . tria
inquit nomina Parcarum sunt : Nona, Decuma, Morta, et
versum hunc Livii, antiquissimi poetae, ponit ex 'OSvaaeia —
' quando dies adveniet quern profata Morta est,
Sed homo minime mains Caesellius Mortam quasi nomen
accepit, cum accipere quasi Moeram deberet.
11
II, 317 rj€ UuAo^'S' eXdouv, r} avrov roiS' eVi StJ/ho).
Festus, 218, 14 : ' Ommentans ' Livius in Odyssea, cum ait —
' -(aut) in Pylum deveniens aut ibi ommentans ;
significat obmanens sed ea signifieatione qua saepe fieri
dicitur; id enim est mantare.
12
II, 422 s. TrfXefiaxos 8' eTapoicLv iTTOTpvvas iKiXevo^v \ ottAojv
aTTTeadat,' toI S' orpwovrog aKovaav. \ larov 8' etAarivov kolXtjs
evToade ixeaoSfir]? | arrjaav delpavres, Kara Se TrpoTovoiatv eSrjaav \
cXkou 8' lOTia XcvKCL ivaTpe.TTToi.ai ^oevatv. Cp. XV, 287 s.
Isidorus, Orig., XIX, 4, 9 : ' Struppi ' vincula loro vel lino
facta quibus remi ad scalmos alligantur, De quibus Livius —
tumque remos iussit religare struppis.
13
III
III, 110 €v6a Se TlaTpoKXos, ^ed^tv iJuqaTCop aTaXavTOS,
Gellius, VI, 7, 11 : ' Adprimum ' autem longe primum
L. Livius in Odyssia dicit in hoc versu —
' ibidemque vir summus adprimus Patroclus,
^^ <aut> Guenther adveniens S devenies Vat. Lat.
3369 deveniens Vat. Lat. 1549.
2$
THE ODYSSEY
10
II
Fate and Death :
Gellius : Caesellius Vindex . . . says : The names of the
Fates are three : Nona, Decuma and Morta, and he quoted
the following line from The Odyssey of Livius, the most
archaic of our poets —
* When that day comes which Morta has foretold,
But Caesellius, though he was a man of no slight learning,
took Morta as a personal name, when he ought to have taken
it to mean the same as Moera.'^
11
Telemachus tells Antinous he will fetch help against the suitors :
Festus : ' Ommentans.' When Livius uses this word in
The Odyssey —
' coming to Pylos, or waiting just here ;
he means ' obmanens,' but in the sense in which it is often
said to occur, and that is ' mantare ' to wait.
12
Telemachus sets sail :
Isidorus : ' Struppi ' are the bands made of leather or flax
with which oars are tied to the thole-pins. Livius speaks of
them thus —
And then he ordered them to tie the oars
With straps.
13
III
Nestor in Pylos tellimj Telemachus of the deaths of renowned
Achaeans at Troy :
Gellius : ' Adprimus ' is, however, used by Lucius Livius
in The Odyssey in the sense of ' by far the first,' in this line —
* And yonder too there fell the very best,
The very first of men — Patroclus,
* i.e. Molpa, Fate.
29
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
14
IV
IV, 213 Bopnov S' i^avTLS fMyrjacofxeOa. Cp. X, 177; XX, 246.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 198, 6 K : Eiusdem declinationis
femininonim genitivum etiam in as more Graeco solebant
antiquissimi terminare. ... —
atque escas habeamus mentionem,
15
IV, 495 UoXXol fi€v yap rGn> ye Sa/xev, noXXol 8e Xi-novTO'
Festus, 162, 24 : ' Nequinont ' pro nequeunt, ut solinunt
ferinunt pro solent et feriunt, dicebant antiqui. ... —
' partim errant, nequinont Graeciam redire ;
16
IV, 513 . . . adcoae Se noTvia "Upr).
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 231, 13 K : ' Hie pucrus ' et ' hie '
et ' haec puer ' . . . —
' sancta puer Saturn! . . . regina
17
IV, 557 i>vix<f)r]s iv fxeyapolai KaXvif/ovs, cp. V, 14 ; XVII, 143.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 210, 7 K : ' Calypsonem * . . .
Livius —
* apud nimpham Atlantis filiam Calipsonem,
18
V
V, 297, et al. Kai tot ^Ohvaarjos Xvto yovvara Kal <^iXov ■qrop,
Servius auctus, ad Aen., I, 92 : Graeci ^piKTo. dicunt quae
sunt timenda. ... —
Igitur demum Ulixi cor frixit prae pavore.
^* habeamus Hermann habemus cdd. <rusu8> {vcl
<iterum>) mentionem B coll. Horn., Od., IV, 213
^^ nequinunt S neque nunc cd.
^^ Saturni filia regina cdd. scclud. filia S maxima
regina B s. p. S., | filia r. Hermann
18 Ulixi f. p. p. I cor <et genu> B coll. Od., V, 297
3?
THE ODYSSEY
U
IV
Menelaus in Lacedaemon, speaking to Nestor, calls a halt to
sad memories :
Priscianus : The most archaic writers were accustomed to
end even with -as the genitive singular of feminine nouns
of this same {sc. first) declension ... —
* and let us take thought of food,
15
Mendaus relates Proteus' news of the Greeks after the fall of
Troy :
Festus : ' Nequinont.' Archaic writers used to employ
this form for ' nequeunt,' like ' solinunt ' for ' solent ' and
' ferinunt ' for ' feriunt ' . . . —
* In part they go astray,
Return to Greece they cannot ;
16
Menelaus on how Ajaz {son of Oileus) was saved for the
moment hy Juno :
Priscianus: ' Puerus,' nominative masculine; * puer,'
nominative masculine and feminine ... —
* hallowed queen, Saturn's daughter
17
Ulysses and Calypso :
Priscianus : ' Calypsonem ' . . . Livius —
* In the home of nymph Calypso, Atlas' daughter,
18
V
Terror of Ulysses in a tempest sent hy Neptune :
The augmenter of Servius on ' frigore ' in Virgil : The Greeks
use the term (f>piKTa. for things which are to be feared ... —
So then at length went cold with fright the heart
Within Ulysses,
31
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
19
VI
VI, 141-2 . . . 6 Be fiepfXT^pi^ev ^OSvaaeus, \ r] yovvwv Xiaaoiro
Aa^cuv evwTTiba Kovprjv,
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 384, 7 : ' Amplector'; veteres im-
inutaverunt amploctor crebro dictitantes ... —
utrum genua amploctens virginem oraret,
20-1
VI, 295-6 evda Kade^ofievos fielvm xpo^ov, els 6 Kev rjixels \
darvSe eXdcofiev /cat iKcuixeOa Scofxara narpos.
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 197, 15 K : ' Donicum ' pro donee ; ita
Livius. ... —
* Ibi manens sedeto donicum videbis
me carpento vehentem en domum venisse.
22
VIII
VIII, 88 SoLKpv* Ofiop^dixevos K€(f>aXrjs dno <f>dpos eXeoKe . . .
Festus, 186, 28 : ' Noegeum ' quidam amiculi genus prae-
textum purpura, quidam candidum ac perlucidum, quasi a
nauco, quod putamen quorundam pomorum est tenuissimum
non sine candore, ut Livius ait in Odyssia —
simul ac dacrimas de ore noegeo detersit,
id est candido.
CJiar., 197 : Livius inquit usurpat ibi cdd. in quinto
coni. Ritschl quasi gramtnat. errore script, pro sexto
21 vehentem en B vehentem in Hermann (vehentem
Fabric.) v. meam Mr. vehementem cd.
22 dacrimas C. 0. Mr. {coll. Paul., 48, 14 ' dacrimas pro
lacrimas Livius saepe {posuit) ' lacrimas cd.
32
THE ODYSSEY
19
VI
Ulysses meeting with Nausicaa :
Diomedes : ' Amplector.' But this was altered in form
by people of olden time, who constantly said ' amplector '
Whether to clasp the maiden's knees and beg her,
20-1
Nausicaa tells Ulysses he must wait near the city until she is
ready to go there :
Charisius : ' Donicum ' for ' donee' So Livius ... —
' There sit and wait until you shall see that, driving
in my carriage, lo ! I have come home.
22
VIII
Ulysses in Alcinous'' palace. During the pauses in Demo-
docus^ recital, Ulysses in grief wipes his eyes :
Festus : ' Noegeum.' Some say that this is a kind of cloak
fringed with purple, while others say it is white, translucent,
derived as it were from ' naucum,' which is the verj- thin and
whitish peel of certain fruits. So Livius writes in The
Odyssey —
as soon as he wiped away with the mantle the
tears from his face,
' noegeo,' that is, ' candido,' " white.
" This is wrong. Livius by ' noegeum ' means simply the
<f>dpos, or cloak; in Homer, Odysseus covers his head to
hide his grief, wipes his eyes, and again uncovers his head.
Homer does not make Odysseus dry his tears with the cloak.
VOL. II. D
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
23-6
\T;II, 138-9 Ou yap iyci) yi rl ^t^/xi KaKwr^pov aAAe daXdaoTjs \
dv8pa y€ avyx^vai, a Kal jxaXa Kapnpos iii).
Festus, 532, 4 : ' Topper ' significare ait Artorius cito . . .
sic Cn. Naevii * * ... sic in Odyssea —
'. . . namque nullum
peius macerat humanum quamde mare saevum ;
vires cui sunt magnae topper confringent
inportunae undae.'
27
VIII, 322-3 . . . i7A^' epLovvTjs \ 'Ep/xeia?, -^Xdev Se dva^
eKaepyos 'AttoXXcov.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 198, 6 K : (cf. p. 30). . . . Livius
in Odyssia ... —
•(Venit) Mercurius cumque eo filius Latonas.
28-9
VIII, 378 6px€iGdT]v Br] eTTeira ttotI xf^ovl TTovXv^oreiprj \ Tap(f)€'
dfl€l^Opi€ViO'
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 469, 12 K : ' Nexo ' quoque
nexas ... —
Nexabant multa inter se flexu nodorum
dubio ;
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., II, 538, 12; Diomed., ap. I, 369, 20.
30
VIII, 480-1 {vel. 488 ?) ovvck dpa a<f>€as \ oifxas Moucr' eSt'Sa^f,
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 198 : (cf. p. 30) . . . Livius in
Odyssia — •
' nam divina Monetas filia docuit
Fest. 532 : in Odyssia S in eodem cd.
2* macerat humanum cd. macit homonem Ursinus
vires Aug. vis {nom. pi.) et coni. Linds. viret cd.
fortasse n. n. p. m, h. | q. m. s. e.q.s.
2' venit suppl. Partsch
2* nexabant cdd. 538 nexebant cdd. pier. 469
34
THE ODYSSEY
23-6
Laodamas speaks :
Festus : ' Topper.' Artorius says this means quickly.
... So in Cnaeus Naerius * * ... So in The Odyssey — "
' . . . for nothing
Wastes a man worse than cruel sea. The man
Whose strength is great — him will the savage
waves
With all speed shatter.'
27
How the gods came and laughed at Mars and Venus chained
to a guilty bed by Vulcan :
Priscianus on the genitive singular in -as : Livius in The
Odyssey ... —
Came Mercury and with him Latona's son.^
28-9
Halius and Laodamas, at Alcinous^ orders, give a show of trick-
dancing and ball-play :
Priscianus : ' Nexo ' also takes as its second person singular
' nexas ' . . . —
Entwined they each with each in many a twist,
Bent in confused knottings ;
30
Ulysses wishes to reward the minstrel Demodocus :
Priscianus on the genitive singular in -as : . . . Livius in
The Odyssey —
* for them Moneta's godly daughter ^ taught
" Scaliger's reading for eodem is probably right.
* Apollo.
•^ Musa. Moneta was a Latin translation of ^IvTjfMoovvr],
mother of the Muses.
3° divina cdd. diva Carolir. m. 2 filia S filiam cdd.
35
d2
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
31-2
X
X, 64 . . . Tt's Toi KaKos e^pae Sat/xtov ;
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 96, 5 K : ' Super,' ' superus ' . . . —
* Inferus
an superus tibi fert deus funera, Ulixes ?
33
X, 395 avSpes S' aip iyevovro vewrepoi t] Trdpos ■^aav,
Festus, 532, 4 : 'Topper' . . . (19) in antiquissimis scriptis
celeriter ac mature. In Odyssia vetere —
Topper facit homones ut prius fuerunt,
34-6
XII
XII, 16-19 . . . ou5' apa KLpKrjv \ e| 'AtSeco iXdovreg iX-qOofxev,
aAAd /xaA' a)Ka \ rjXd^ ivTwajxevrj' ajxa S' d/ii^iVoAoi <f>ipov avrrj |
alrov KOL Kp€a ttoXXo. kol aWoira olvov ipvOpov. Cp. X, 308.
Festus, 532, 4 : ' Topper ' . . . (22)—
Topper eiti ad aedis venimus Circai ;
simul tduonaf carnem portant ad navis,
multam ancillae ; vina isdem inserinuntur.
3^ homones C. 0. Mr. homines cd. ut prius Duentzer
utrius cd. fuerunt Buecheler fuerint cd.
^* aedis cd. auris B Circae cd.
35 duona cd. advenit {vel advortit) B carnem {vel
ordeum) W eorum cd. coram CO. Mr. servae B
3^ multam {vel multum) ancillae W millia alia cd.
edulia alma B fortasse mille alia vina B in cd.
inserinuntur cd. inferinuntur B
36
THE ODYSSEY
31-2
X
Ulysses tells Alcinous of his coming to Aeolus. Aeolus
questioning him :
Priscianus : 'Super,' adverb and preposition; ' superus,'
adjective ... — ■
* Is it an upper or a nether god
That brings death in your way, Ulysses ? «
33
Ulysses on how Circe restored his companions to human
shape :
Festus : ' Topper ' ... in the most archaic writings means
quickly and soon. In the old poem The Odyssey —
With all speed she made them into men as they
were before,
34-6
XII
and how after a visit to Hades he went again to Circe :
Festus (on ' topper ') continues ^ —
We came to Circe's dwelling with all speed
And haste ; withal brought handmaids to the ships
Much meat ; wines too were placed in them.
ttTid how he and his companions did not at first touch the oxen
and sheep of the sun ; Ulysses gives orders not to touch :
" The quotation can be read like a hexameter. Some of
Livius' lines may have been rearranged by later writers into
Homer's metre.
^ I have done my best with this passage, in which the
readings are very uncertain. A line has perhaps dropped out
after Circai. The word duona (bona) may be right.
37
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
37
XII, 321^ ... ToJv Se ^owv dvexi^fKOa . . . cp. XII, 328
. . . ^oojv dnexovTO AtAatd/ievoi ^iotolo.
Gellius, VI, 7, 12 : Idem Livius in Odyssia ' praemodum '
dicit quasi admodum — .
' parcentes praemodum
38
XIII
XIII, 40 7J8r]ydpT€T€X€crrai,d fioi.(f)i\osrj9eX€dviJ,6g,vel. V, 302.
Nonius, 475, 13 : ' Fite ' imperative modo ... —
* sic quoque fitum est
39
XVI
XVI, 92 7^ fxdXa fiev KaraSaTrreT^ dKovovTos <j)iXov -qrop,
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 482, 9 K : Vetustissimi . . . gavisi
pro gavisus sum protulerunt. ... —
'qiioniam audivi, paucis gavisi ;
40
XIX
XIX, 225 xXatvav TTop<f>vp€r)v ovXrjv e;^€ 8los 'OSvaaev?, \
BnrXrjv
Nonius, 368, 26 : ' Pullum ' non album. . . . Livius —
' vestis pulla porpurea ampla
3^ sic Hermann fit cdd.
3* quoniam cdd. quom rem eam B paucis cdd.
hau paucus B
*^ propure Lu. Gen. Bern. SSal. purpurea (r. ^arZ. 2 a/.
trib. ' Odiss.'' Hertz
38
THE ODYSSEY
37
Gellius : Livius again in The Odyssey pronounces ' prae-
modum ' like " ' admodnm ' —
' forbearing beyond measure to touch
38
XIII
Ulysses takes leave of Alcinous and the Phaeacians :
Nonius : ' Fite,' imperative mood . . . ' fitum ' —
' so also has it come to pass
39
XVI
Ulysses has heard from Telemachus about the arrogance of the
suitors in his house :
Priseianus : The oldest writers . . . formed ' gavisi ' as
the perfect tense for ' gavisus sum ' . . . —
' now I have heard, there's little I rejoice in;
40
XIX
Ulysses (disguised) to Penelope ; he claims to have seen
Ulysses wearing a certain cloak :
Nonius : ' PuUum,' not white. . . . Livius * —
' a garment dusky, dark, and wide
" i.e. with the accent on the first syllable, as Gellius has
just been showing.
^ Most probably in The Odyssey.
39
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
41
XX
XX, 19 TJ/JLari Tco ore fxoL fievos dax^ros rjadie KuVAcui/r |
l(f>dLIJ.ovs irdpovs'
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 419, 12 K : ' Mando, mandis ' . . .
mandui . . . mandidi . . . Livius tamen in Odissia —
' cum socios nostros Ciclops impius mandisset,
42
XXI
XXI, 433 d/Lt^t Se x^^P*^ (j)iXr)V jSaAev €y;^et,
Paulus, ex F., 425, 2 : * Suremit ' sumpsit : —
inque manum suremit hastam
Cp. Fest., 424, 9.
43-4
XXII
XXII, 91-3 . . . dAA' dpa fxiv (fiOrj \ T7jAe/Lia;^os KaroTnaOe
jSaAcov ;)^aAKTypel' Bovpl \ wficov fxeaoriyvs tid he <TTrjdea<l>i.v eXaaae-
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 334, 13 K : Hie et haee ' celer ' vel
• celeris ' . . . —
at celer
hasta volans perrumpit pectora ferro ;
45
XXIII
XXIII, 304-5 ot edev etveKa rroXXd, ^oas /cat L(f>ia fiijXa \
eaia^ov, ttoXXos he Tridcjv ^(fyvaaero olvos' vel. XXIV, 364.
Priscianus, ap. 6'.iy., II, 208, 18 K : Vetustissimi . . . etiam
nominativum haee carnis proferebant ... —
carnis vinumque quod libabant anclabatur ;
*^ Ciclops impius mandisset B m. i. ciclops (cyclops) cdd.
*2 manum cd. Farn. L. XVIII Fest. {sec. Ursin., Groenert)
manus Bas. Paul. man Leid. Paul. manu rell. Paul,
trih. Liv. ' Odiss.'' Buecheler
*3 celeris Hermann
40
THE ODYSSEY
41
XX
Ulysses plans revenge on the suitors ; he mentions the Cyclops :
Priscianus : ' Mando, mandis ' . . . * mandui ' . . . ' man-
didi.' Livius, however, has ' mandi ' in The Odyssey —
* When wicked Cyclops had my comrades munched,
42
XXI
Telemachus arms himself :
Paulus : ' Suremit,' took up : — "
and into his hand he took up a lance,
43-4
XXII
Slaughter of the suitors. Telemachus strikes down
Amphinomus :
Priscianus : ' Celer ' or ' celeris,' nominative singular
masculine and feminine ... —
But the lance flying s\viftly bursts his breast
45
XXIII
Penelope tells Ulysses of the feasting and revelry of the suitors :
Priscianus : The oldest writers used to employ ' carnis ' as
the nominative singular feminine ... —
flesh was served and wine which they poured out ;
<* The author of this fr. is not known, but the quotation fits
well here.
^ Another possible hexameter (cp. pp. 36-7).
*^ libabant cdd, libebat IVIr. iubebant coni. B fortasse
camis | v. q. 1. anculabatur (Ha vet)
41
With iron through ; ^
LIVIUS ANDRONICUS
46
XXIV
XXIV, 534 . . . €K ;^€tptijv €7TTaT0 Teu;^ea,
Nonius, 493, 16 : ' Dextrabus ' pro dexteris ... —
deque manibus dextrabus
HYMNI
( Vide pp. xi-xiii)
DUBIA
1
Horn., Od., XII, 401 rjfxels 8' aid/' dvaBavres ivnKa^JLev evpeC
TToWo). Cp. VIII, 51 ; IV, 780.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 151, 18 K : ' Linter ' . . . apud
nostros femininum est. Livius in VI —
iam in altum expulsa lintre
2
' Sergius,' ap. G.L., IV, 541, 26 K : ' Tapeta ' masculine et
neutro genere declinatur . . . apud Livium ... —
erant et equorum inaurata tapeta.
Cp. Prob., ap. G.L., IV, 130, 1 K.
3
Nonius, 194, 14 : ' Balteus ' masculini generis. . . . Livius
lib. IX—
auratae vaginae, aurata baltea illis erant.
Non. 493 : Livius Bentin. laberius cdd.
' Sergius ' : Livium ' Serg.'' Lucilium Prob.
Non. 194 : trib. Liv. Andron. Hertz.
" Possibly in the Odyssey of Andronicus ; but this work was
not divided into books, nor is there any parallel to this fr.
in the sixth book of Homer's Odyssey. Yet Homer, Od.
42
THE ODYSSEY
46
XXIV
Athena stops civil strife in Ithaca :
Nonius : ' Dextrabus ' for ' dexteris.' . . .
and down from their right hands
HYMNS
{See Introduction, pp. xi-xiii)
DOUBTFUL FRAGMENTS
1
Priscianus : ' Linter ' ... in the works of our writers
is a feminine noun. Livius " in the sixth booli —
the boat now thrust out into the deep
2
' Sergius ' : ' Tapeta ' is a word declined in both a mascu-
line and a neuter form. ... In a passage of Livius ... —
the coverlets too of the horses were overlaid with
gold.
3
Nonius : ' Balteus ' of the masculine gender, . . . Livius
in the ninth ^ book —
they had golden quivers and golden belts.
XII, 401, suggests this fr., and the reading VII in some of the
MSS. of Priscianus may be a simple corruption of XII, by
which Priscianus or his source may have indicated that book
of Homer's Odyssey which Livius was here translating.
* Cf. the preceding note. This likewise suggests the
Odyssey, but there is no parallel in Homer, nor is it certain
that the quotation is metrical at all. The historian Livy
tells us that gold adorned the shields and tunics of the Samnites
in 308 B.C. (Livy. IX, 40), but there is no sign in that his-
torian of this quotation by Nonius.
43
NAEVIUS
BELLUM POENICUM
SIVE
CARMEN BELLI POENICI
LIBER I
Caesius Bassus (Atil. Fortunat.), ap. G.L., VI, 265, 10 :
Nostri antiqui, ut vere dicam, quod apparet, usi sunt eo non
observata lege nee uno genere custodito . . . apud Naevium
. . . hos repperi idoneos . . . (266, 3) —
Novem lovis Concordes filiae sorores,
Cp. Mar. Vict., ap. VI, 139, 10, 29 ; Ter. Maur., ap. 400, 2514.
Gellius, XVII, 21, 45 : M. Varro . . . stipendia fecisse
ait (Naevium) bello Poenico primo, idque ipsum Naevium
dicere in eo Carmine quod de eodem bello scripsit.
GelL, XVII, 21 : trih. lib. 1 Spangenberg, VII Vahlen
" So it seems. But Bassus and Marius Victorinus both
quote this fr. after fr. 12 and prefix the words alio loco.
This suggests some other context for the line. For these first
fragments, see Thelma de Graff, Naevium Studies, pp. 67 ff.
46
THE PUNIC WAR
OR
THE SONG OF THE PUNIC WAR
BOOK I
The SMk of Troy ; the escape of Aenea-s to Italy ; the founda-
tion of Rome by Romulus ?
1
Prologue. First " line of the poem ; invocation of the Muses :
Caesius Bassus : As is clear, truth to tell, our archaic
poets used this Saturnian metre without observing a fixed
law or maintaining a single type. ... In passages of Xaevius
... I have found the following to be suitable {as examples) —
You daughters nine of Jupiter, harmonious sisters,^
Naevius himself took part in the first Punic War :
Gellius : Xaevius, according to a statement of Marcus
Varro . . . served as a soldier in the first Punic War and
asserts that verj^ fact himself in the Song which he wrote on
that war.
* The addition of a second line which Mueller makes out
from Varro, L.L., VII, 26, cannot be accepted. There is
no evidence that the passage of Varro, which is corrupt, is
not prose, and no author is mentioned. See Remains of Old
Latin, I, pp. 2-3, 462-3.
47
NAEVIUS
2-4
Probus, ad Vorg., EcL, VI, 31 (p. 336 Thilo) : Ennius
Anchisen augurii ac per hoc divini quiddam habuisse praesu-
mit. . . . Naevius Belli Punici I sic —
Postquam avem aspexit in templo Anchisa,
sacra in niensa Penatium ordine ponuntur ;
immolabat auream victimam pulchram.
5-7
Servius auctus, ad Aen., Ill, 10 : * Litora cum patriae
lacrimans.' Ainat poeta quae legit immutata aliqua parte vel
personis ipsis verbis proferre. Naevius enim inducit uxores
Aeneae et Anchisae cum lacrimis Ilium relinquentes his
verbis — •
Amboruni uxores
noctu Troiad exibant capitibus opertis,
flentes ambae abeuntes lacrimis cum multis.
8-10
Servius auctus, ad Aen., II, 797 (' Invenio admirans ') :
Naevius Belli Punici primo de Anchisa et Aenea fugientibus
haec ait —
Eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales.
Ecce hoc est ' invenio admirans numerum ' [Aen., II, 797) ; —
Multi alii e Troia strenui viri . . .
^ Punici III cdd. postquam cdd. postquamde Mr.
avem cdd. (autem Par.) aves Keil
* inmolabat a. V. p. ccW. tum v. i. a. p. Mr. in auream
raolabat Havct
^ Troiad Voss Troiade Serv. auct.
* viri <venere> Mr.
48
THE PUNIC WAR
2-4:
The foundation of Rome by Trojans or by iJieir descendants.'^
The omen that appeared to Anchises before the fall of Troy :
Probus : Ennius takes Anchises as being endowed with
certain powers of augury, and, through these, of inspiration.
. . . Naevius in the first book of The Punic War —
After Anchises had seen a bird \^'ithin the range
of vie\v/^ hallowed offerings were set in a row on the
table of the Household Gods : and he busied himself
in sacrificing a beautiful golden victim.
5-7
Aeneas and Anchises * with their wims leave the city of Troy :
Servius supplemented, on ' When weeping I forsake my
country's shores,' in Virgil : Our poet loves to reproduce the
very words of his authority, with some partial change of
phrase or change of persons. Thus Xaevius introduces, in
the following words, the wives of Aeneas and Anchises in
tears as they leave Troy for ever —
The wives of both were passing out from Troy by
night ; their heads were veiled, and both were
weeping many tears, as they went away.
"8-10
aTid '^nany followers go with them :
Servius supplemented, on ' I marvelling find ' in Virgil :
Naevius in the first book of The Punic War has the following
on Anchises and Aeneas in flight : —
Their path many mortals follow.
Here, you see, is ' I marvelling find a great company ';--
Many other dashing heroes ...
« Cf. Mueller, Quaest. Xaev., XXIII £f.
* Here we have templum in its original sense of space
marked out in the sky by an augur for taking auspices.
' The term used by Xaevius for Aeneas' companions was
probably ' Aenesi ' (Paulus, 15, 15).
49
VOL. II. E
NAEVIUS
Ecce hi sunt * animis . . . parati ' {Aeti., 11, 799); —
Ubi foras cum auro illic exibant,
Ecce et ' opibus instructi ' {Aen., 11, 799 animis opibusque
parati).
11
Isidorus, Orig., XIX, 22, 20 : ' Citrosa ' quasi concrispa
ad similitudinem citri, Naevius —
puram pulchramque ex auro vestem citrosam.
Cp. Macrob., S., Ill, 19, 5. Horn., Od., V, 264 ; VI, 26 ; //.,
XXll, 154.
12
Marius Victorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 139, 7 : Apud Naevium —
Ferunt pulchras creterras, aureas lepistas.
Cp. Caes. Bass., (?) ap. G.L., VI, 266, 1.
Servius auctus, ad Aen., 1, 170 : Naevius Bello Punico
dicit unam navem habuisse Aeneam quam Mercurius
fecerit.
^^ ubi cdd. urbi B ibi Havet illic cd. ilico
Mr. illuc Masvicius.
^^ sic coiistituo. pulchra (-cr-) quae (que) Bas. Par.
Weilb. al. Isid. pulchra quem Carol. pulchram (-a-) quae
(que) Bern. Leid. Tolet. 2 puram ex gloss. Vat. citrosam
vestem Macrob. trib. B. P. Macrob., lib. I Mr.
^2 item ferunt p. c. a. 1. et apud Naevium novem lovis
e. q. s. (p. 46) cdd. Mar. Vict. pulchras creterras Mar.
50
THE PUNIC WAR
In these you see Virgil's ' ready in heart ' ; —
When they forthwith were passing outdoors there
with the gold,
Here again, you see Virgil's ' laden with their wealth.'
11
Precious chattels rescued '^ from the flames of Troy :
Isidore : ' Citrosa.' Curled '' as it were so as to resemble
citrus-wood. Naevius —
and clothing clean and lovely, spun from gold and
citrus-scented.
12
Marius Victorinus : In a passage of Naevius we have —
They carry beautiful bowls and golden goblets.
Aeneas^ ship :
Servius supplemented : Naevius in The Punic War says
that Aeneas had one ship which Mercury built.
" Or looted by the Greeks — cp. Virg., Aen., II, 763 ff.
^ A false interpretation. Macrobius gives the right meaning.
The right readings of the fr. are unknown. The citrus-tree,
whose fragrant wood was used for making furniture, must be
distinguished from the citron (also called by the Romans
citrus), whose leaves and fruit were placed amongst clothes in
order to keep moths away.
Vict. pulchros pateras (crateras marg. Pal.) aereas cdd.
Caes. Bass. aureasque cdd. Mar. Vict. trib. lib. I Mr.
e2
NAEVIUS
13^15
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 351, 25 : Inveni ' marum ' pro
' marium,' qui tamen in raro est usu genetivus, apud Naevium
in carmine Belli Puniei —
Senex fretus pietatei turn adlocutus summi
deum regis fratrem Neptunum regnatorem
Servius auctus, ad Aen., I, 198 : Totus hie locus de Naevii
Belli Puniei libro translatus est. [Cp. Horn., Od., XII, 208.]
Macrobius, S., VI, 2, 31 : In principio Aeneidos (I, 81 s.)
tempestas describitur et (I, 223-296) Venus . . . queritur.
Hie locus totus sumptus a Naevio est ex primo libro Belli Puniei .
Illic enim aeque Venus Troianis tempestate laborantibus cum
love queritur et sequuntur verba lovis filiam consolautis spe
futurorum.
16
Varro, L.L., VII, 51 : Naevius —
Patrem suum supremum optumum adpellat
supremum ab superrumo dictum.
" pietatei V pietati vel pietate cdd. turn Mr.
deum cdd.
^* fortasse Neptunum fratrem {coni. Mr.) trib. lib. I
Schuett, Klussmann
1^ trib. lib. I Klussmann
" The attribution to book I is probably right ; but the words
may be spoken when the wanderers first sight Italy, as in
Virgil, Aen., Ill, 525 ff.
'' Whether Naevius brought the Trojans to Dido in Africa
(cf. Serv. auct., ad Aen., IV, 9 — the mother of Anna and of
Dido in Naevius) before bringing them to Italy is not known.
52
THE PUNIC WAR
13-15
Anchises embarks from Troy :
Priscianus : I have found ' marum ' for ' marium ' (a form
of genitive which is, however, rarely used) in a passage of
Naevius in The Song of the Punic W'ar — "
Then the old man, stayed strong in piety, called
on the ruler of the seas, Neptune, brother of the all-
highest monarch of the gods.
The storm with which Venus caused Aeolus to vex the
Trojans : *
Servius supplemented, on Virgil : The whole of this passage
{Aen., I, 1^8^.) is taken over from the first book of Naevius'
Funic War. "^ ^^5
Venus complains to Jupiter, who gives a co^nforting reply :
Macrobius : At the beginning of the Aeneid a tempest is
described, and Venus complains. . . . The whole of this
passage is taken from Naevius, and comes from the first book
of The Punic War. For there in the same way, when the
Trojans are labouring in a tempest, Venus complains to
Jupiter, and there follow words of Jupiter comforting his
daughter with hopes of the future.
16
Beginning! of Vcnui appeal : "
Varro : Naevius ^ has —
She thus calls on her father, the all-highest and
good
where 'supremum ' is derived from 'superrumus.'
Cf. IVIr., Quaest. Naev., XXIII, and id., Q. Ennius, 147; ed.
Enn., XXIII; Dessau, Hermes, XLIX, 518; contrast
Baehxens, Hermes, L, 261 ff . ; W. Schur, Die Aeneassage, 74.
« Virg., Aen., I, 229 £E.
^ Doubtless in The Punic War, book I.
53
NAEVIUS
17
Festus, 340, 25 : ' Quianam ' pro quare et cur positum est
apud antiques ut Naevium in carmine Belli Punici —
Summe deiim regnator, quianam me genuisti ?
Lactantius, Div. Instit., I, 6, 7 : Varro . . . ait . . .
(9) quartam (Sibyllam) Cimmeriam in Italia, quam Naevius in
libris Belli Punici . . . nominet.
Servius auctus, ad Aen., IX, 712 (715) : ' Prochyta alta
tremit.' . . . Hanc Naevius in primo Belli Punici de cognata
Aeneae nomen accepisse dicit.
18
Macrobius, S., VE, 5, 9 : ' Silvicolae Fauni ' {Aen., X, 551
silvicolae Fauno). Naevius Belli Punici libro primo —
. . . silvicolae homines bellique inertes
19-20
Nonius, 474, 5 : ' Perconta ' . . . —
Blande et doete percontat Aeneas quo pacto
Troiam urbem liquisset.
Cp. Non., 335, 3.
1' me add. Havet genuisti S genus isti cd. g.
ursisti B trib. lib. I et cum 16 coniung. Mr.
Lactant. I, 6 : trib. lib. I Spangenberg
^^ homines < mites > vel <segnes> B
Non., 474, 335 : lib, II cdd. I Merula
2° liquisset Merula reliquisset cdd. 474 liquerit cdd.
335 (reliquerit (?)
54
THE PUNIC WAR
17
Festus : ' Quianam ' is put for ' quare ' or ' cur ' in the works
of archaic writers; for example, in a passage of Naevius in
The Song of the Punic War —
Greatest ruler of the gods, why, pray, didst thou
beget me ?
Aeneas consults " the Sibyl in a valley between Baiae and
Cumae :
Lactantius : Varro . . . says . . . that the fourth Sibyl
is the ' Cimmerian ' in Italy, who is mentioned by name by
Naevius in his books of The Punic War.
The Sibyl orders Aeneas to bury a kinswoman of his in the
island Procida, which is named after her :
Servius supplemented, on ' trembles high Prochyta ' in
Virgil : Naevius says that this island {Procida) took its name*
from a kinswoman of Aeneas.
18
Rude tribes of Italy :
Macrobius : ' Wood-haunting Fauns.' <■ Naevius in the
first book of The Punic War —
wood-haunting folk, unskilled in war
19-20
The wanderers in Latium ; King Latimis addresses Aeneas :
Nonius : ' Perconta ' . . . —
With charm and shrewdness asked he earnestly
How Aeneas forsook the city Troy.
" Cf. auct., de orig. gent. Rom., 10.
* sc. Aenaria, a name really given to the neighbouring island
Ischia.
'^ But Virgil has silvicolae Fauno.
55
NAEVIUS
Servius auctus, ad Aen., I, 273 : Naevius et Ennius Aeneae
ex filia nepotcm Romulum conditorcin urbis tradunt.
21-2
Nonius, 116, 31 : ' Gratulari,' gratias agere ... —
manusque susum ad caelum sustulit suas rex
Amulius divisque gratulatur.
EX LIBRO I VEL II
Varro, L.L., V, 43 : Aventinum aliquot de causis dicunt.
Naevius ab avibus, quod eo se ab Tiberi ferrent aves.
Varro, L.L., V, 53 : ' Palatium ' . . . eundem hunc locum
a pecore dictum putant quidam. Itaque Naevius Balatium
appellat.
23
Nonius, 197, 12 : ' Castitas ' et ' castimonia ' . . . Mas-
culini. . . . Naevius carmine Punici Belli —
Res divas edicit, praedicit castas.
Non., 116 : lib. I manusque Mr. (manusque Mcrula)
lib. II bisque B lib III isque cdd.
^^ rex Stephanus res cdd. irque s. a. c. s. suum r.
Havet
22 Amulius quid. ap. Bentin. ammullus cdd. <ambas
laetus) Amulius B divisque g. Mr. gratulabat Havet
gratulabatur divis cdd.
Varr., L.L., V, 43, 53 : trib. ' B. P.' lib. I Mr.
23 trib. lib. I Mr. P. belli <II i8> res d, B
56
THE PUNIC WAR
Ilia gives birth to Romulus :
Servius supplemented : Naevius and Ennius record that
Romulus, the founder of Rome, was Aeneas' grandson through
Aeneas' daughter.
21-2
Amulius rejoices at the preservation of Romulus and Remus : "
Nonius : ' Gratulari,' the same as ' gratias agere.' ... —
And King Amulius raised his hands aloft
Towards the sky, and thanked the gods.
FROM BOOK I OR BOOK II
Romulus, before founding his city, takes the auspices from the
Aventine :
Varro : Several causes are given for the name Aventine.
Xaevius derives it from ' aves,' giving as reason that thither
birds betook themselves from the Tiber.
Rome is founded on the Palatine :
Varro : ' Palatium.' . . . Some think that this same place
is derived from the ways of flocks; ^ and so Naevius calls it
' Balatium,' The Place of Bleaters.
23
The Institutions of Romulus [or of Numa Pompilius) : "
Nonius : ' Castitas ' and ' castimonia.' ... A masculine
form ... in Naevius in The Song of the Punic War —
He makes declaration of sacred ordinances, and
proclaims the rules of holy chastity.
« Cf. Mr., Quaest. Xaev., XXVIII-XXIX.
^ Varro means that the derivation is from ' balare ' to bleat,
or ' palari ' or ' palare,' as he says himself in this section. The
real derivation is probably from ' pasco ' ; cp. Sanskrit ' pala '
(shepherd).
*^ Thus Mr., Quaest. Xaev., XXVI; castus may here mean
certain holy days on which pleasures of the flesh were avoided ;
compare some inscriptions, Remains of Old Latin, Vol. III.
57
NAEVIUS
LIBER II
24
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 231, 13 : Hie puerus et hie et haec
puer . . . (232, 5)—
Prima incedit Cereris Proserpina puer,
25-6
Maerobius, S., VI, 5, 8 : ' Quam pius arquitenens ' {Aen.,
Ill, 75). Hoc epitheto usus est Naevius Belli Punici libro II —
dein pollens sagittis inclutus arquitenens
sanctusque Delphis prognatus Pythius Apollo.
LIBER III
27
Paulus, ex F., 469, 4 : ' Sagmina ' dieebant herbas ver-
benas, quia ex loeo saneto arcessebantur legatis profieiscentibus
ad foedus faciendum bellumque indieendum. . . . Naevius —
Scopas atque verbenas sagmina sumpserunt.
2* proserpina puer cdd. (puer p. Lugd.) prima incedit
Cereri' puer Proserpna Mr, pover B
2^ sanctusque cdd. sanetus V Putins V
2' trih. lib. Ill Merula Naevius ius sacratum lovis
iurandum sagmine Fest. ; quae incerta sunt
" Cichorius, B. St., 47-8 puts the first in book VI and thinks
it refers to the first hidi saecidares in 249 B.C. ; the second he
takes (pp. 48-9) as introducing a speech of Apollo, possibly
at a Council of the Gods early in the work.
S8
THE PUNIC WAR
BOOK II
24
A procession of gods :
Priscianus : ' Puerus ' as a nom. sing. masc. and ' puer '
as a nom. sing, both fern, and masc. ... —
First comes Proserpina, a child of Ceres,"
25-6
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Whom the grateful archer-
god.' This epithet was used by Naevius in the second book
of The Punic War —
and then his son Pythian Apollo, the renowned
archer mighty in his arrows, the god who is
hallowed at Delphi.
BOOK III
The first Punic War, perhaps as far as the capture of
Agrigentiim, 262 B.C.
27
Declaration * of war against Cartilage, 264 B.C. .'
Paulus : ' Sagmina ' was a term once used for the herbs
* verbenae,' because they were fetched from a ' sanctified '
place when ambassadors set out to make a treaty or to declare
war. . . . Naevius —
To make the holy tufts, they took twigs and sacred
foliage.
^ Cf. Cichor., i?. St., 26-7. Sagmina were sacred tufts or
bunches of sacred foliage {verbenae) picked within the citadel
by a consul or a praetor; by holding them legati and fetiales
were made inviolable.
59
NAEVIUS
28
Nonius, 76, 3 : 'Atrox,' crudum. Naevius Belli Punici
lib. Ill—
simul atrocia porricerent exta ministratores.
29-30
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 128, 17 : ' Exerciti ' . . . —
Marcus Valerius consul partem exerciti
in expeditionem ducit.
LIBER IV
31-2
Nonius, 90, 24 : ' Concinnare ' conficere vel colligere.
Naevius Belli Poenici lib. IV —
Transit Melitam Romanus insulam integram ;
urit populatur vastat, rem hostium concinnat.
33
Nonius, 183, 16 : ' Vicissatim,' per vices. Naevius Belli
Punici lib. IV—
vicissatim volvi victoriam.
Nmi. 76 : IIII vel III cdd.
28 simul cdd. simitu Mr. porricerent lun. proi-
cerent cdd. atroria <atra> prosicarent B
Char.,\2^: Punici 1. Ill (vel Punici III) V Punici lib. I C(Z.
29 Marcus cd. Manius Morula ... M. V. e. I p. e. i.
6. I d. B
^^ Romanus exercitusccZ^Z. 5ecZi((i. exercitusV t.M.|j
R. B integram <oram> Mr.
^3 volvi vel volvier coni. Linds.
** Or possibly the fourth — this fr. might come near fr. 34-5
of book IV. Some think that here atrocia means injaasta
(Cichor.,i?.>Sf., 30-32).
6o
THE PUNIC WAR
28
Inspection of victims :
Nonius : ' Atrox ' (ugly), raw. Naevius in the third " book
of The Punic War—
at the same time the attendants should offer up the
ugly \itals.
29-30
Marcus Valerius Maximus near Messina in Sicily, 262 B.C. ;
Charisius : ' Exerciti ' . . . —
Marcus Valerius the consul leads a part of his army
on an expedition.^
BOOK IV
This hook described in 'particular the battles of Mylae (260
B.C.), Tyndaris (257) and Ecnomus (256), and the exploits and
fate of Begulus in Africa (256-5).
31-2
Marcus Atilius Begulus overruns Malta, 256 B.C. .*
Nonius : ' Concinnare,' to complete or collect. Naevius
in the fourth book of The Punic War —
The Roman crosses over to Malta, an island un-
impaired; he lays it waste by fire and slaughter,
and finishes " the affairs of the enemy.
33
Undecisive warfare :
Nonius : ' Vicissatim,' the same as ' per vices.' Naevius
in the fourth book of The Punic War —
that victory rolls to and fro by turns.
^ The metre sounds rather like iambic senarii.
'^ Or possibly ' makes a clean sweep of ' (cp. ' tidy up,'
' polish oflE '). Cf. Schuster, in Glotta, XVI, 1315.
6i
NAEVIUS
34-5
Nonius, 468, 20 : ' Auspicavi ' pro auspicatus sum . . .
verum praetor advenit, auspicat auspicium
prosperum.
36
Nonius, 97, 13 : * Danunt,' dant ... —
earn carnem victoribus danunt.
LIBER V
Probably described the Battle of Panorrnus, 250 B.C., the
rejection of peace-terms hy Rome, and the beginning of the long
LIBER
VI
37
' Loca ' .
. . masculini. .
Nonius, 211, 1 : ' Loca ' . . . masculini. . . . Naevius
BeUi Punici lib. VI—
Convenit regnum siniul atque locos ut haberent.
38
Nonius, 325, 6 : ' Ilico,' in eo loco. ... —
Septimum decimum annum ilico sedent.
^*~^ verum lun. vixdum B virum cdd. advenit
Merula adveniet cdd. adveneit B auspicat a. p. cdd.
seclud. p. Merula p. auspicat a. Mr. prosprum B
\lcdd. Nonius, 211 : lib. VII Merula III Mr.
^' ut locos B haberent cdd. haberet Merula
Non. 325: lib. VII Lu. G. Ill rell.
^® <iam> septimum Mr. eeprimumB sedent crfrf.
sedentes Mr. sederent Havet sedere B
" The occasion may have been the arrival of an unknown
praetor to take over the land-army (in Sicily) of Duilius, who
took charge of the fleet after the defeat of Gn. Scipio Asina
at Lipara in 260 B.C. Cichor., R. St., 33.
^ Cf. Cichor., 49-50. There is no need to alter the text of
Nonius, and I therefore retain VJ and haberent of the cdd.
62
THE PUNIC WAR
34-5
A good omeri : "
Nonius : ' Auspicavi 'for ' auspicatus sum.' ... —
but the praetor comes and takes prosperous
auspices.
36
Feast after victory ? :
Nonius : ' Danunt,' the same as ' dant ' , . . —
that flesh they make a gift of to the victors.
BOOK V
■siege of Lilyhaeum in 250 ; and the defeat of P. Claudius at
Drepana in 249 B.C. No fragments of this hook have survived.
BOOK VI
From the arrival of Hamilcar Barca in Sicily in 248 B.C.
to the last year of the war /
37
By a renewal in 248 B.C. of the treaty of 263, Hiero of Syracuse
is allowed to remain independent : *
Nonius : ' Loca ' ... in a masculine form. . . . Naevius
in the sixth book of The Punic War —
It was agreed that they shall still have their
monarchy together with their demesnes.
38
The year 248 b.c. ;
Nonius : ' Ilieo ' means ' in eo loco ' . . . — •
They keep the field there for the seventeenth *" year.
The line reads like a hexameter, but it might possibly be read :
Convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberent. Cf. also
Taubler, H., LVII, 157, 8.
*^ Sedere is clearly used of keeping camp before an enemy
stronghold, here Lilybaeum, I suppose; but the seventeenth
year refers to the whole war, not to this siege (begun in 250).
Cf. Cichor., 50.
63
NAEVIUS
39
Nonius, 515, 8 : * Superbiter ' . . . —
Superbiter contenitim conterit legiones.
Cp. Non., 516, 2.
40
Nonius, 267, 17 : ' Censere ' significat existimare, arbi-
trari ... —
Censet eo venturum obviam Poenum.
LIBER VII
41-3
Nonius, 474, 17 : ' Paciscunt." Naevius Belli Poenici lib.
VII—
Id quoque paciscunt, nioenia ut siiit quae Lutatium
reconcilient ; captivos plurimos idem
Sicilienses paciscit obsides ut reddant.
*" censet cdd. praet. G. (censent)
*^"^ paciscunt Escorial. Par. 7667 paciscuntur rell.
paciscunt moenia ut Mr. sint cdd. jyraet. Par. 7666
Lugd. Bamh. (sin)
reconcilient W Lutatium reconciliant cdd. concilient
Lutatium Mr. vocahulum idem trih, Non. Linds. idem
<lib. VI> Cichor. Sicilienses e. q. s. alter, cital. Linds.
" Imitated by Plautus, Poen., Ill, 1, 34, ne nos tarn con-
temptim conteras. Cichor., R. St., 45, points to the arrogance
of P. Claudius Pulcher, consul in 249. The line might refer
to the hard training which Lutatius Catulus gave his soldiers
in 242 and 241 B.C. : but this came in book VII ?
64
THE PUNIC WAR
39
Hamilcar on Mount Eryx (244-3 B.C.) harasses the Romans ? :
Nonius : ' Superbiter ' . . . —
Haughtily and scornfully he wears out the legions."
40
Operations ^ of the Romans :
Nonius : ' Censere ' means to reckon, to believe ... —
He reckons that the Phoenician will come thither
to meet him.
BOOK vn
Preparations of C. Lutatius Catulus ; victory by sea of Catulus
and Falto at the Aegates Islands in 242 B.C. Peace 241 B.C.
41-3
Provisional peace arranged by Lutatius Catulus and Hamilcar,
241 B.C.
Nonius : ' Paciscunt.' Naevius in the seventh book of
The Punic War —
This also the Phoenicians ^ covenant, that their
obligations shall be such as may meet the demands
of Lutatius ; he on his side covenants that the
Sicilians must give up the many hostages held
prisoners by them.
^ Near Phintia, 248 B.C. ? or at Panormus, 250 B.C.
(Cichor., R. St., 44) ?
'^ Or possibly the Sicilians. The readings are doubtful.
Cf. Taubler, Hermes, LVII, 157; Leo, Sat. V, 35. It is
possible that we have two frs. here, separated by idem. Cf.
Cichor., 50-52.
65
VOL. II. F
NAEVIUS
EX LIBRIS INCERTIS
44-6
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 198, 6 : (p. 30) Naevius in carmine
Belli Punici I—
Inerant signa expressa quo modo Titani
bicorpores Gigantes magnique Atlantes
Runcus atque Porporeus^filii Terras.
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., 217, 12.
47
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 242, 20 : ' Inquies.' . . . Simplex
in usu invenitur trium generum. Naevius in carmine Belli
Punici I —
iamque eius mentem Fortuna fecerat quietem.
48
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 152, 17 : ' Acer ' et ' alacer ' . . .
in utraque terminatione communis etiam generis inveniuntur
prolata ... —
Fames acer augescit hostibus.
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., 230, 3.
** expressa s. Spengel
** atque Bentley ac cdd. Porporeus Fleckeisen
porpu-, purpo- cdd.
Prise. 242 : Punici I Bamh. Bern. Halb. Carolir. II rell.
" trib. lib. Ill Cichor.
66
THE FUNIC WAR
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
44-6
From Book I ? Aeneas' ship,*^ built by Mercury ? :
Priscianus, on the genitive singular in ' -as.' . . . Naevius
in The Song of the Punic War, book I (?) —
On it there were modelled images in the fashion
of Titans and two-bodied Giants and mighty Atlases,
and Runcus too and the Crimson-hued, sons of Earth.
47
Aeneas in misfortunes ? :
Priscianus: ' Inquies ' {adj. unquiet). . . . The uncom-
pounded form of this word is also found in use in all three
genders. Naevius in The Song of the Punic War, book I (?) —
and by now Fortune had rendered quiet his mind.
48
The siege * of Lilybaeum ? {book V ?) :
Priscianus : ' Acer ' and ' alacer ' . . . are found inflected
as epithets of common gender in both terminations ... —
Sharp hunger grows great for the enemy.
" So I suggest; cf. pp. 50-1, book I. Mr., Quaest. Naev.,
XXVII, suggests Pyrrhus' ship which came into one
Hannibal's possession and was captured by Rome at Mvlae
in 260 B.C. Cf. also Mr. in PhiloL, XLII, 408 ff. But the fr.
may describe a temple, or a shield of Aeneas. Note the
archaic genitive singular Terras.
* So I suggest. This was the one great siege of the war.
67
f2
NAEVIUS
49
Isidorus, de Nat. Ber., 44 : ' Flustrum ' motus maris sine
tempestate fluctuant is velut Naevius in Bello Punico sic ait —
honerariae honustae stabant in flustris,
ac si diceret in salo.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 62, 31.
50
Festus, 532, 4 : ' Topper ' significare ait Artorius cito . . .
sic Gn. Naevi * * —
Topper capesset flammam Volcani.
51-2
Varro, VII, 23 : ' Ratis ' navis longas dixit, ut Naevius
quom ait —
t Conferreque aut rate eratam faequor per liquidum
maris eunt undantis atque sedantis.
53
Festus, 414, 15 : Sublicium pontem. . . . meminit <. . .
Naevius> qui ait in Belli <Punici libro. . . . > —
quam liquidum . . . amnem.
*^ honerariae honustae cdd. honerariaeque h. Mr.
trib. lib. VI Cichor.
F est., 532 : c. nevicapesset cc?. Gn. Naevius . . . topper
capesset edd.
^^~2 ^ratam fortasse dittogr. ex aut rate perite per
liquidum S aequor p. I. W perit. qdii cd. Laur. maris
eunt undantis atque sedantis W {cp. GelL, XVIII, 12, 6 * sedo
intransitive ') mare sudantes eunt atque sedantes Laur.
mare eunt fugantes atque sectantes B rede ?
" He boldly broke through the Roman blockade with a fair
wind. (Polyb., I, 44.) But of course any incident of convoy
or transport of supplies would do as a context (Cichor.,
R. St., 45-6).
* Possibly in a play — the fr. could be an incomplete senarius.
68
THE PUNIC WAR
49
Relief brought to Lilybaeum by Hannibal'^ in 250 B.C.?
[book V ?) :
Isidorus : ' Flustrum ' (calm water), movement of the sea as
it undulates, ' fluctuat,' when there is no storm. For example,
Naevius has 'in flustris ' in The Punic War —
the freight-ships with their freights stood still
upon the drifts,
where it is the same as if he said 'in salo.'
50
Siege-operations ? :
Festus : ' Topper.' Artorius says this means quickly. . . .
So in Cnaeus Naevius * * ^ —
With all speed will it catch at Vulcan's flame.
51-2
Preparation of a fleet ? Training for sea-warfare ?
Varro : ' Ratis.' By this he '^ means ships of war like
Naevius when he says —
... a bronze-beaked man-of-war . . . which go
over the watery plain of the sea both rough and
calm.'^
53
The city of Rome ; the Bridge of Piles at Rome :
Festus : ' Sublicius *" Pons.' . . . Naevius mentions it when
he says in . . . book of The Punic War —
. . . than a liquid . . . river.
<= An unknown tragic writer, possibly Pacuvius. Until
a really certain restoration can be made, the context of the
quotation from Naevius must remain unknown. Cf. Cichor.,
R. St., 37-8. It is not certain even that the fr. comes from
the Punic War.
^ Hopelessly corrupt.
* This word is an epithet from ' sublica ' (a stake or post);
the true derivation is unknown. For another view, cf.
Cichor., 54.
69
NAEVIUS
54
Priscianus, cap. O.L., II, 198, 6 : (p. 30) Naevius in carmine
Belli Punici . . . (199, 3)—
Ei venit in mentem hominum fortunas.
55
Paulus, ex Fest., 369, 4 : ' Rumitant,' rumigerantur.
Naevius —
Simul alius aliunde rumitant inter sese.
Cp. Test., 368, 20.
56
Nonius, 214, 7 : ' Metus ' masculini. Feminine Naevius —
Magnae metus tumultus peetora possidit.
57
Donatus, ad Ter., Andr., I, 1, 28 : ' Plerique omnes '
apxa'Cafios est ... —
Plerique omnes subiguntur sub unum iudicium,
58
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 235, 20 : Invenitur . . . simplex
decor decoris paenultima correpta apud vetustissimos ... —
Magnam domum decoremque ditem vexarant.
Cp. gloss. Vat., ap. Mai, Auct. Class., VIII, 165.
^^ alius cdd. alls Bothe
^^ magnae cdd. magni ed. princ. possidit vel possidet
cdd. possideit B trib. ' B. P.' Klussmann
^' suum cdd. (unum Par.) vanum Mr.
58 magnam vel magnamque cdd. vexarent vel vexerant
cdd. duxerat gloss. Vat.
70
THE PUNIC WAR
54
Anxieties of a commander ? :
Priscianus, on the genitive singular in -' as ' : . . . Naevius
in T}ie Song of the Punic War —
he bethought himself of the fortune of men."
55
Anxieties of soldiers ? :
Paulus : ' Rumitant,' they bear rumours. Naevius ^ —
At the same time they rumoured amongst them-
selves, some ^ from this cause, some from that.
56
Nonius : ' Metus ' of the masculine gender. In the
feminine : Naevius —
The tumult of a great ^ fear is master of their
breasts.
57
Donatus, on ' Plerique omnes ' in Terence : This is an
archaism. ... —
Most and all are brought under one judgment.
58
Priscianus : We find in the works of the oldest writers
the uncompounded form of the epithet ' decor,' genitive
' decoris ' with the penultimate short ... —
They had abused a mighty dwelling,^ beautiful
and rich.
<» This fr. would come later than lines 44-6, but might well
be in the same book {i.e. I).
^ Doubtless in The Punic War, like the next fr. also,
<= If alis is right, it is nom, sing.
^ It may be that this refers to the plots of the Samnites in
259?— Cichor., i?. *§/., 38.
^ Possibly the temple of Aphrodite at Erv'x (cf. Cichor.,
E. St., 52^).
7^
NAEVIUS
59-62
Festus, 460, 21 : ' Stuprum ' pro turpitudine antiques
dixisse apparet. . . . Naevius —
seseque i perire mavolunt ibidem
quam cum stupro redire ad suos popularis.
Item —
Sin illos deserant fortissimos virorum
magnum stuprum populo fieri per gentes.
63-4
Festus, 472, 24: <Sardare>, intellegere. . . . <Nae->
vius belli Pu<nicilibro . . . —
quo)d bruti nee satis •(sardare
queunt)
Cp. Paul., 473, 8; Varr., L.L., VII, 108.
65-6
Varro, L.L., VII, 39 : Apud Naevium —
atque
prius pariet lucusta Lucam bovem,
Luca bos elephans.
" i cd. ei V vei B
•^ virorum S viros cd.
63 <8ic> fieri B
*3~* suppl. ex Paul., 473, 8-9 nee satis sarrare, ab serare
dictum, id est aperire Varro
^•^ pariet b. lucusta Lucam B
72
THE PUNIC WAR
59-62
Bravery of soldiers. And a matter of sending help :
Festus : That the archaic writers used the term ' stuprum '
for shamefulness is clear. . . . Naevius —
and they would rather that they perish then and
there than return with disgrace to their fellow-
countrymen/^
And in like manner —
But if they should forsake those men, the bravest
of the brave, great would be the disgrace to the
people through all the world.
63-4
Festus : ' Sardare,' * to understand. . . . Xaevius in The
Punic War, book . . . —
because brutish men neither have power enough
to understand . . .
65-6
A proverb expressing something impossible :
Varro : In a passage of Naevius —
and sooner will a lobster spawn a Lucanian cow,
* Lucanian cow ' means elephant.*
" Clearly from The Punic War. I retain Festus' order and
treat the frs. as belonging to separate contexts. Various
efforts have been made to assign the frs. to definite incidents.
See, e.g., Cichor., R. St., 41-2.
* So Paulus. But Varro apparently read sarrare.
•^ Because the Romans first saw elephants in Pyrrhus' army
in Lucania. Thisfragment may come in Satura (see pp. 152-3).
73
NAEVIUS
FABULAE PALLIATAE;
F. TOGATA
ACONTIZOMENOS
1
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 211, 7: 'Prime.' Naevius in
Acontizomeno —
Acontizomenos fabula est prime bona.
2-3
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 199, 21 : ' Falso ' . . . —
Huius autem gnatus dicitur geminum alterum
falso occidisse.
4
Charisius, ap. (?.L., I, 207, 19 : ' Noctu ' . . . —
sublustri noctu interfecit.
AGITATORIA
5-6
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 210, 24 : ' Pluris.' Naevius
in Agitatoria —
Semper pluris feci ego
potioremque habui libertatem multo quam pecuniam.
^ Acontizomenos Ritschl -us cd,
* sublustri (supplicio olim) Ribb. sulpicii cd.
^ 8. p. f . e. W e. s. p. f . cd.
74
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS;
COMEDY IN ROMAN DRESS
SPEARED «
1
Prologue : First line of the play ? :
Charisius : ' Prime.' Naevius in Speared —
* Speared ' is a fine first-rate play !
2-3
Manslaughter the cause of all the trouble :
Charisius : ' Falso ' . . . —
And this man's son killed by mistake, they say,
one of the twins.
4
Charisius : ' Noctu ' . . . —
It was in the dim light ^ of night he killed him.
THE PLAY OF THE DRIVER
5-6
Charisius : ' Pluris.' Naevius in The Play of the Driver —
I at any rate have always valued freedom at a
much higher price than money, and have held
freedom to be preferable.
" Based presumably on Dionysius' 'A/covrt^oVevo? (cp.
'A/covTt^o/i€V77 of Antiphanes).
'' sulpicii is corrupt. The remarks of Charisius show that
Naevius used an adjective agreeing with noctu.
75
NAEVIUS
7
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 220, 19 : ' Secus ' pro aliter . .
Secus si umquam quicquam feci, carnificem cedo.
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 208, 5 : ' Nimio ' pro nimis ... —
. . . nimio arte colligor. Cur re inquaesita colligor ?
9
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 197, 9 : ' Dedita opera ' declinari
quidem ut nomen potest, sed tainen vim adverbii retinet ... —
Quasi dedita opera quae ego volo ea tu non vis, quae
nolo ea cupis.
10-14
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 239, 12 : ' Tax pax ' ... —
(A) Age ne tibi med advorsari dicas ; hune unum
diem,
Demea, meos equos sinam ego illos esse —
(B Demea ?) Tax pax !
(A) Postea
currenteis eis ego illos vendam, nisi tu viceris.
8 nimium o nimium Ribb. Agitatoria nimio arte cd.
{fortasse o nimio arte) colligor ! c. r. i. c. ? Bothe colligo
cur ed. princ. colligobcurre iaqsta. colligor cd. nimio
me arte colligas Bergk
^ quae ego nolo ed. princ. q. (= quod) ego nolo cd.
^^ med Bergk {qui et age age ne tibi me coni.) mihi ed,
princ. alii alia me cd.
^^ DemeameosequosW (Demea segniorWesterhovius de
meo equos sinam vel sinam equos Bergk) de meo servos
Bothe de meo securos Ribb. demeo sequor Neap.
equos cd. Bond. domi hos equos Buecheler qui senar.
constit. domi meae servos Mr. fortasse tux pax . . . |
Surrenti
^2 eis addidi <pretio> viceris Gulielmus.
76
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
7
Charisius : ' Secus ' (differently) for otherwise .
If I have done anything differently from this, —
bring along your hangman !
8
Charisius : ' Nimio ' for ' nimis.' . . . —
I'm bound too tightly. Why am I bound with my
case thus untried ?
Charisius : ' Opera ' with ' dedita ' may be declined as a
noun, it is true ; but still it retains its adverbial force ... —
It's all on purpose, allow me to say, that you don't
want what I want ; what I don't want you hanker
after.
10-14
Charisius : ' Tax pax ' . . . —
(A) Come now, don't say I'm against you ; Demea,
can't I let those horses be mine for just this one day ?
(B Demea ?) Whack ! Thwack ! « (A) Afterwards
I'll sell them as coursers to those fellows, unless you
win.
** (B) strikes or threatens to strike (A). Cp. Plant., Persa,
II, 3, 12 tux tax. I retain equos in this fr. because one cd. has
it and the title of the play suggests that here we have a
charioteer (?) who refuses to sell some horses. It is possible
that tux pax or tax pax is, as a gloss says (not on this passage),
an exclamation of thanks. Cf. Ribb., Com. Fr., Corollar.,
VIII.
77
NAEVIUS
' Eho ' idem in eadem —
(C) Eho, an vicimus ?
(D) Vicistis.
(C) Volup est. Quo modo ?
(D) Dicamtibi.
AGRYPNUNTES
15
Nonius, 150, 28 : * Praemiatores noctumi,' praedones.
Naevius Agrypnuntibus —
nam in scena vos nocturnos coepit praemiatores
toUere.
16-17
Nonius, 65, 4 : ' Promicare,' extendere et porro iacere, unde
emicare ... —
si quidem vis loqui,
non perdocere multa longe promicando, oratio est.
APPELLA
18-19
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 203, 15 : Antiquissimi in -a quoque
singulare feminino genere hoc recte protuLisse inveniuntur.
Naevius in Appella —
' Ut ilium di perdant, qui primum holitor protulit
caepam! '
Cp. scliol. Bern., Hag., Analect. Hdvet.y 106, 26.
^* volupe est — quo modo ? Botha volop quomodo cd.
^^ scena cdd. cena Ribb. scenam Mr.
^' <hau> multa Ribb. (multa hau Bothe) promicando
cdd. promicandaecW. /oriasse perdocendo m. 1. promicanda
18-19 (jj perdant {vel alia coni.) C. F. W. Mueller dii terant
Aid. di feriant Maehly differant cdd. Prise, (defferant
Carol. deferunt schol. Bern.) primum cdd. primus
Bothe priniam Ribb. protulit cepam C. F. W. Mueller
cepam protulit cdd. Prise. om. protulit schol. Bern.
78
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
The same poet in the same play has ' eho ' —
(C) Aha! Have we won? (D) You've won.
(C) That's fine ! How did it come ofF? (D) I'll tell
you.
THE WIDEAWAKES
15
From the prologue :
Nonius : ' Praemiatores nocturni,' robbers. Naevius in
The Wideawakes —
for on the stage " he began to make ruin for you
profiteers of the night.
16-17
Nonius : ' Promicare,' to extend and ' porro iacere ' ;
whence ' emicare.' ... —
But if you want just to tell me, and not to make a
whole lesson of it by shooting crowds of words far
and wide — you can speak. ^
THE CIRCUMCISED «
18-19
Priscianus, on ' caepe.' The most archaic writers are
found to have used a feminine smgular in a, rightly. Naevius
in The Circumcised —
' Well, God damn him — the kitchen-gardener who
first produced an onion ! '
" I retain the reading of the MSS. This looks like an
allusion by Naevius to his political foes.
^ Or, ' a speech is not making a whole lesson . . .'
'^ Apparently : Gloss. Labb. apella Aei7rd5ep/Mo?, which
apparently means circumcised. Cp. scholl. ad Hor., ScU.,
I, 5, 100 (ludaeus Apella). Some take Appella to be Apula,
Apulian (M. Berchem, De Naev. Poet, vita, 68-9).
79
NAEVIUS
20
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 204, 1 : Frequentior tarnen usus
hoc cepe protulit ... —
Cui caepe edundod oculus alter profluit.
Cp. Thes. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, Class. Aucf., VIII, 133.
ARIOLUS
21
Gellius, III, 3, 15 : De Naevio . . . accepimus, fabulas
eum in carcere duas scripsisse Ariolum et Leontem . . . unde
post a tribunis plebis exemptus est, cum in his quas supra dixi
fabulis delicta sua et petulantias dictorum, quibus raultos
ante laeserat, diluisset.
Festus, 202, 23 : ' Oreae,' freni quod ori inferuntur. . . .
Naevius in Hariolo —
Deprandi autem leoni si obdas oreas,
22-6
Macrobius, S., Ill, 18, 6 : ' Praenestinae nuces.' Est . . .
illud apud Naevium in fabula Ariolo —
(A) Quis heri
apud te ?
(B) Praenestini et Lanuvini hospites.
(A) Suopte utrosque decuit acceptos cibo,
alteris inanem volvulam madidam dari,
alteris nuces in proclivi profundier.
2" edundod Buecheler edundo vcl edendo cdd.
21 autem ccZ. item Ribb. leoni si Ursinus leonisct?.
25 alteris cdd. altris Geppert {cp. Ribb,, Com. Fr.,
Corollar., X-XI) bulbulam (= vulvulam) Geppert
bulbum Pontanus bullam Salisb. Med. 1, 2 bulbam
rell. vulvam madidatam Scriverius madidantem S
2^ profundier Scriverius profundere cdd.
8o
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
20
Priscianus : Still it was the more usual practice to inflect
from a neuter form * cepe ' . . . —
who has one eye streaming because he's eating an
onion.
THE SOOTHSAYER «
21
Gellius : We have heard a tradition about Naevius, that
when he was in prison he wrote two plays, The Soothsayer and
Leon. . . . He was freed from prison later on, by the tribunes
of the commons, when he had apologised, in the plays, which
I mentioned above, for his misdemeanours, and for the
impudence of utterances with which he had hurt the feelings
of many * in the past.
From the prologue ? :
Festus : ' Oreae,' the bit of a bridle which is introduced
into the ' os.' . . . Naevius in 2^ he Soothsayer —
But if you should offer a bit to the bite of a
breakfastless lion,
22-6
Macrobius : ' Praenestine nuts.' '^ This term occurs in a
passage of Naevius in the play called The Soothsayer —
(A) Who dined with you yesterday ? (B) Guests
from Praeneste and Lanuvium. (A) It would have
been just the thing to have both parties entertained
with their favourite fare ; to the one '^ you should
have given a little sow's belly, drawn and boiled,
while for the other you should have spilt out nuts
at downhill speed !
'^ Hardly modelled on Philemon's 'AyvpTrjg ; cf . Ribb., Cojti.
Fr., p. 9; for Leo, Gesch. d. Rom. Lit., I, 92, rightly
thinks that Naevius' play was a fabuJa togata, because the
scene was laid in Italy and Italians were mentioned in it
(see lines 22-6, given here).
* Especially the Metelli. See pp. 154-5.
•= Hazel-nuts or filberts. •* sc. the Lanuvians.
8i
VOL. II. G
NAEVIUS
CARBONARIA
27
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 522, 8 : Vetustissimi tamen etiam
edo edis edit dicebant correpta prima syllaba. Naevius in
Carbonaria —
Tibi servi multi apud mensam astant ; ille ipse astat
quando edit.
CLAMIDARIA
28
Sergius,' explan. in Donat., ap. G.L., IV, 559, 26 : Ad-
modum . . . apud Naevium in Clamidaria —
Neque admodum a pueris abscessit neque admodum
adolescentulust.
COLAX
Terentius, Eunuch., 23-6, 30-1 :
Exclamat ' f urem, non poetam f abulam
dedisse et nil dedisse verborum tamen ;
Colacem esse Naevi et Plaiiti veterem fabulam,
parasiti personam inde ablatam et militis ' . . .
Colax Menandrist, in east parasitus colax
et miles gloriosus.
" fo)tasse ipsi
28 adolescentulus est cd.
82
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
THE COLLIER MAID
27
Priscianus : Still the oldest writers even said ' edo, edis,
edit ' with the first syllable short. Naevius ** in The Collier
Maid —
You have many slaves to wait on you at table ;
he himself waits on himself when he eats.
A PLAY ABOUT A CLOAK
28
Sergius : ' Admodum ' ... in a passage of Naevius, in
A Play about a Cloak —
He has neither very far outgrown his childhood
nor is he very much of a youth.
THE FLATTERERS
Terence : Cries he, ' A thief and not a poet has made this
play; but still he has made no fools of us. There is an old
play, -The Flatterer of Naevius and Plautus, and the characters
of the sponger and the soldier are taken from it.' . . . The
Flatterer is a play of Menander and in it are a sponger, a
flatterer, and a braggart soldier.
" There was also a Carbonaria of Plautus, ' A Charcoal
Play i '
^ Based on Menander's Ko'Aaf, which was used as a model
by Plautus also. Cf. Ritschl, Parerg., I, 99 ff. Ribb., Com.
Fr., Corollar., XI-XII.
83
g2
NAEVIUS
29-31
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 491, 20 : PoUuceo, polluxi. . . .
Naevius in Colace —
Qui decumas partes ? Quantum mi alieni fuit,
polluxi tibi iam publicando epulo Herculis
decumas.
32
Nonius, 64, 5 : ' Prolubium ' . . . —
et volo et vereor et facere in prolubio est.
Aristoph., Ran., 1425 rrodei i-Uv i^^dalpei Se ^ovXerai 8' '^X^'-^-
33-5
Nonius, 462, 31 : ' Multare ' cum sit condemnare, positum
est augere, voti compotem reddere ... —
et asseri
laudes ago, cum votis me multat meis,
quod praeterquam vellem audiebam hoc f mihi
ennius f
36
Nonius, 376, 3 : . . . Pro eo quod protinus est protinam
vel protinis ... —
Ubi vidi, exanimabiliter timidus pedibus protinam
me dedi.
-^ decumas Aid. decimas cdd. {item 31) mi add.
Hermann
^^ polluxi Hermann polluxit cdd. iam Hermann
a cdd. vocahula a publicando e. H. d. trih. Prise. Buecheler
3* multat Hermann multatis cdd. sum v. multatus
m. vel tu V. me multas m. Mr.
^^ praeter quam mihi vellem Hermann audiebat Kiess-
ling hoc mihi eminus ed. 1496 hoc me eminus vel h. e.
Ribb. affatim (Bothe) . . . multas . . . velle audebam
(Mercier) hoc mihi annuls Quich. (mihi evenit Mercier) alii
alia
84
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
29-31
Sponger to the, braggart soldier ? : "*
Priscianus : ' PoUuceo, polluxi.' . . . Naevius in The
Flatterer —
How do you mean, tithes ? By thus making pubhc
a feast of Hercules I've abeady offered up to you
tithes from all that's ^ mine of other people's
property.
32
Nonius : ' Prolubium ' . . . —
I'm both delighted and affrighted; it's my pre-
dilection too to do it !
33-5
Nonius : ' Multare ' (punish). Although it means to con-
demn, it is put for to enrich, to make one obtain one's
wish ... —
and to this beam ^ — my compliments, while it
punishes me with my wishes ; for — more than I
would want — I heard all this. . . .
36
Nonius : ' Protinam ' or ' protinis ' in place of ' protinus '
When I saw it I straightway took to my heels, half-
deadfully afraid.
'^ Who, boasting that he was Hercules The Conquering Hero,
had demanded tithes from the sponger.
^ Or ' all my debts ' ; 'all my borrowed money.'
'^ The speaker thanks the beam or post which gave him a
crack through which to listen.
85
NAEVIUS
COROLLARIA
37-9
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 198, 12 : ' Efflictim.' Naevius in
CoroUaria —
Nolo ego
banc adeo efflictim amare ; diu vivat volo
ut mihi prodesse possit.
40-1
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 198, 5 : ' Dapsiliter ' . . . —
Ultro meretur quam ob rem ametur; ita dapsiliter
suos amicos
alit.
42-3
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 240, 22 : ' Attattattat attatae ' . . . —
(A) Quid? Salve! Attattattat attatae!
(B) Rivalis, salve!
(A) Quid istud vero te advertisti tarn cito ?
44-5
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 240, 25 : ' St.' . . . —
St! tace!
Cave verbum faxis !
46
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 208, 7 : ' Nimis ' . . . —
Nimis homo formidulosust.
Charis. 240 : attattattat attatae W attattat attatae cd.
*2-3 sic constituo. quid salve attattattatattatae rivalis
salve quid istud vero te advertisti tarn cito cd. Rivalis,
salve — Quid salve ? Attat attatae | — Quid istud vero
' atatae ' te advertisti t. c. Ribb. alii alia
** St tace Haupt St tale Fabricius setale cd.
*^ formidulosus est cd.
86
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
THE GARLAND-MAID «
37-9
Charisius : ' Efflictim.' Naevius in The Garland-Maid —
I don't want this girl to love even to death; I
want her to live for a long time, so that she can
bring me profit.
40-1
Charisius : ' Dapsiliter ' . . . —
She earns of herself the merit of being loved ; so
feastfully does she feed her friends.
42-3
Charisius : ' Attattattat attatae ' . . . —
(A) Well ! Good-day— Ah, tut tut tut tut ! (B)
Good-day, rival.
(A) But why did you turn so smartly at that
exclamation ? ^
44-5
Charisius goes on : 'St.' . . . —
Sh ! Quiet ! Not a word, mind !
46
Charisius : ' Ximis.' ... —
The fellow's all too fearful. '^
" ' Seller of Garlands.' We are reminded of Eubulus'
Sre^avoTTcyAtSe?. Does Xaevius mean .4 Garland-play ?
* I arrange the fr. as part of a passage in septenarii, and
divide it thus amongst the two speakers because in this
way only the slightest changes in the text are necessary.
' Attatae ' in Latin is an ejaculation of surprise, but the Greek
aTTarat expressed pain or grief.
" ' Formjdulosus ' can mean causing fear, or full of fear.
8V
NAEVIUS
47
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 205, 8 : ' Mordicus ' . . . —
. . . utinam nasum abstulisset mordicus.
48
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 215, 26 : ' Quippiam ' . . . —
Num quippiam ?
49
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 400, 29 : ' Demolio ' . . . —
Haec demolite.
DEMENTES
50
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 344, 33 : ' Habeo ' et habito dicimus
ut apud Naevium in Dementibus —
Animae pauxillulum in me habet.
DEMETRIUS
Varro, L.L., VII, 107 : Apud Naevium ... in Demetrio
persibus a perite.
DOLUS
51
Varro, L.L., VII, 107 : Apud Naevium ... in Dolo —
caperrata front e
a caprae f rente.
*^ nam ed. princ.
so habitat cdd.
88
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
47
Charisius : ' Mordicus ' . . . —
I wish to goodness he'd taken his nose off at a bite !
48
Charisius : ' Quippiani ' . . . —
Surely there's nothing at all . . .?
49
Diomedes : ' Demolio ' . . . —
Heave all this away !
THE MADMEN «
50
Diomedes : We use the term ' habeo ' for ' habito ' also
for example, in a passage of Xaevius in The Madmen —
A tiny little breath of life keeps in me.
DEMETRIUS ^
Varro : In a passage of Naevius ... in Demetrius ' persi-
bus,'*^ ' very cute,' is derived from ' perite.'
THE FRAUD
51
Varro : In a passage of Naevius ... in The Fraud —
^^'ith wrinkled forehead
' caperrata frons ' is derived from ' caprae frons ' (goat's
forehead).
" Cp. Diphilus' Matvd/xevo?.
^ Cp. l-qixrp-pLos "7 OtAeVaipo? of Alexis. Cf. W. H. Grauert,
PhiloL, II., 126.
* Cp. Paul., ex F., 500, 4 : ' Slbus,' callidiLS sive acutus.
NAEVIUS
FIGULUS
52
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 208, 7 : ' Nimis.' Naevius ... in
Figulo —
nimis avarus
GLAUCOMA
53
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 524, 2 : ' Pungo, pupugi ' vel
' punxi ' . . . Naevius in Glaucoma —
Quod de opsonio stilo mihi in manum pupugit.
GYMNASTICUS
■ 54
Nonius, 279, 43 : 'Destitui' . . . statui. Naevius in Gyra-
nastico —
In alto navem destitui iubet ancoris.
55
Nonius, 95, 26 : ' Dispulverare ' est dissolvere ... —
Saxa silvas lapides montes dissicis dispulveras,
56
Nonius, 159, 5 : ' Pecua ' et * pecuda ' ita ut pecora ... —
homines pecua beluasque.
Prise. 524 : fortasse Glaucomate, sed cf. Plant., Mil. Glor.,
II, 1, 70 glaucomam
^3 quom coni. Ribb. quod de eo Aid. <iste suo>
stilo Ribb. mi in m. p. cdd. in m. p. mihi Ribb. quod
d. o. mihi stilo i. m. p. . . . Pleckeisen
Gymnastk'us Guminasticus Ritschl
^* destitui i. a. Ursinus i. d. a. cdd. in alto d. a. n. i.
Bothe i. a. n. iube tu d. a. Ribb. iubet in a. n. Mr. {qui
et Iubet ei coni.)
90
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
THE POTTER
52
Charisius : ' Nimis.' Naevius ... in The Potter —
all too stingy
CATARACT «
53
Priscianus : ' Pungo,' perf. ' pupugi ' or ' punxi.' . . .
Naevius in The Cataract —
Because he pricked me in the hand Avith a spine ^
from his hors-d'oeuvre.
THE GYM-MASTER
54
From the prologue ? :
Nonius : ' Destitui ' . . . means ' statui.' Naevius in The
Gym-Master —
He ordered the ship to be held in place on the deep
by the anchors.
55
Storm and earthquake ? :
Nonius : ' Dispulverare ' (crush to dust) means to
dissolve ... —
Rocks, stones, woods, mountains thou dost crush
to pieces,
Crush to dust,
56
Nonius : ' Pecua ' and ' pecuda ' used like ' pecora ' . . . — ■
men, cattle, and wild beasts.
•* That is, cataract of the eye.
* ' Spine ' because the word opsonium was used most often
for a course of fish. But it may mean stem or stalk here.
91
NAEVIUS
57
Nonius, 224, 30 : ' Simile est ' pro ' similis est ' . . . —
Pol haut parasitorum aliorum simile est !
58-9
Nonius, 136, 4 : ' Mustum ' non solum vinum, verum
novellum quidquid est, recte dicitur ... —
(A) Utruni est melius, virginemne an viduam
uxorem ducere ?
(B) Virginem, si musta est.
60
Nonius, 421, 21: ' Cupidinem ' cum feminino genere
dicimus, cupiditatem significamus . . . cum masculino, deum
ipsum ... —
Edepol, Cupido, cum sis tarn pauxillus, nimis multum
vales !
61
Nonius, 392, 15 : ' Spissum ' significat taidum ... —
At enim tu nimis spisse atque tarde incedis.
62-3
Nonius, 486, 29 : ' Herem ' pro heredem ... —
atque meis bonis
omnibus ego te herem faciam.
LAMPADIO
Varro, L.L., VII, 107 : Apud Naevium ... in Lampadione
protinam, a protinus, continuitatem significans.
^' haudBentin hSiVitcdd. simile est crfc?. <hic>
simil est Ribb. similist Ritschl, L est homo Ribb.,
Havet
92
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
57
Nonius : ' Simile est ' for ' similis est ' . . . —
Gad! It's nothing like other spongers !
58-9
Nonius : ' Mustum ' is a term rightly used not only of wine,
but of whatever is brand-new ... —
(A) Which of the two is better — to take a maid or
a widow as your wife ?
(B) A maid, if she's fresh.
60
Nonius : ' Cupido.' When we use it in the feminine gender,
we mean cupidity . . . when in the masculine, we mean the
god himself ... —
Begad, o Love, a tiny fellow you may be, yet you
are mighty — too much so !
61
Nonius : ' Spissum ' (thick, dense, stiff) means slow ... —
But look here ; your walk is much too stiff and slow.
62-3
Nonius : ' Herem ' for ' heredem ' . . . —
and I will make you heir to all my goods.
LAMPADIO
\^arro : In a passage of Naevius ... in Lampadio
' protinam ' (forthwith) is from ' protinus,' and implies un-
interrupted time.
^'^ cum sis tarn p. vel cum <tu> tam pausillu's Ribb.
alii alia cum tam p. sis cdd. (pauxillus Earl, paus- rell.)
^^ heredem cdd.
93
NAEVIUS
LEON
Nautae
{Vide pp. xvi, 30-1, 596.)
PELLEX
64
Nonius, 223, 21 : ' Socnis ' . . . masculine . . . Naevius
Pellice —
Desine socru tuo, fratri patrueli meo . . .
PERSONATA
Festus, 268, 18 : Personata fabula quaedam Naevi inscri-
bitur quam putant quidem primum actam a personatis
histrionibus. Sed cum post multos annos comoedi et tragoedi
personis uti coeperunt, verisimilius est eam fabulam propter
inopiam comoedorum actam novam per Atellanos, qui
propria vocantur personati, quia ius est is non cogi in scena
ponere personam quod ceteris histrionibus pati necesse est.
PROIECTUS
65-6
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 400, 21 : Item ' patio ' Naevius in
Proiecto —
. . . populus patitur, tu patias.
^* socru Quich. socro Bothe socri cdd. patrueli
Quietus, Mercier patrui cdd.
*^ patitur inquit tu Diomed.
* Alexis, Diphilus, and IMenander all wrote a play called
94
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
LEON
The Sailors
{See pp. xvi, 30-1, 596.)
THE CONCUBINE «
64
Nonius : ' Socrus ' ... in the masculine. . . . Naevius
in The Concubine —
Stop ! That's enough against your father-in-law,
against my cousin.
A MASKED PLAY&
Festus : There is a certain play of Naevius entitled A
Marked Play which, so people think, was first acted by
masked players. But when after many years comic and tragic
actors began to use masks, it is more likely that, owing to
a scarcity of comic actors, that play, when newly produced,
was acted by players of Atellan farces, who are properly
called masked, because they have the right of not being
forced " to take off their masks and lay them on the stage,
while all other players are strictly required to submit to this.
THE OUTCAST^
65-6
Diomedes : Likewise Naevius uses ' patio ' in The Outcast —
The people suffers, suffer you also.
" Cf. J. V. Wageningen, Mnem., N.S., XXXV, 114-118,
who doubts Festus' explanation.
" When the spectators hissed in displeasure at the per-
formance.
^ Almost certamty this means a man who had been exposed
at birth but has survived.
95
NAEVIUS
Moro ' item Naevius in eodem —
(A) . . . Quid moras ?
(B) Quia imperas.
QUADRIGEMINI
67
Nonius, 153, 20 : ' Parcuit ' pepercit. Naevius Quadri-
geminis —
suo labori nullus parcuit.
STALAGMUS
68
Donatus, ad Ter., Phorm., 1, 2, 24 : ' Deo irato meo.'
Videtur . . . addidisse meo ne esset dfx(f>i^oXov . . . Naevius
Stalagmo —
t nisa t deo meo propitio meus homo est.
STIGMATIAS
Varro, L.L., VII, 107 : Apud Naevium ... in Stigmatia
' praebia ' a praebendo.
®® quia imperas cdd. quid i. edd. quin quid. ap. Ribb.
*' labori edd. labori is Mr. laboris cdd.
Donat. : Stalagmonisa [vel sim.) deo cdd. Stalagmonis
adeo €fld. mussa. deo Buecheler visam. deo Ribb.
*^ Jortasse nisi vel nise
96
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
Xaevius likewise uses ' moro ' in the same—
(A) \Miy do you delay? (B) Because y(
command it.
THE QUADRUPLETS
67
Nonius : ' Parcuit ' for ' pepercit.' Xaevius in The Quad-
ruplets— •
No man was sparing of his toil,
STALAGMUS «^
68
Donatus, on ' while my god was angry ' in Terence : He
seems ... to have added ' my ' lest there should be am-
biguity. . . . Naevius in Stalagmus —
If only my god is gracious, the fellow's mine.
THE BRANDED SLAME
Varro : In a passage of Xaevius ... in The Branded Slave
the neuter plural ' praebia ' (amulet) is derived from ' praebere '
(to furnish).
<* A slave-name (Plaut., Capt., IV, 2, 95).
97
VOL. II. H
NAEVIUS
TARENTILLA
69-71
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 216, 10 : ' Quanti,' cum interrogamus
nee emimus; ' quanto,' cum emptam rem qiiaerimus. Atqui
. . . Naevius in Tarentilla —
quae ego in theatre hie meis probavi plausibus,
ea non audere quemquam regem rumpere,
quanto hbertatem hanc hie superat servitus.
72
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 223, 30 : ' Utrubi ' . . . —
Utrubi cenaturi estis, hicine an in trichnio ?
73
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 220, 24 : ' Serio ' pro vere . . . —
vereor serio
74-9
Isidorus, Grig., I, 26, 2 : Naevius de quadam impudica —
Quasi pila
in ehoro ludens datatim dat se et communem facit.
AHi adnutat, ahi adnictat, ahum amat ahum tenet.
'^ hanc haec coni. Ribb.
'^"^ pila I in ehoro Bothe in choro pila cdd. se Otto
sese cdd.
'*~^ Isid., Grig. : Ennius cdd. senarios hgebat Isid.
" I take this to be the meaning because of Alexis' Tapavrlvoi.
But Tarentilla may be a personal name.
^ In the quotation which follows from Naevius there is no
idea of price at all.
'^ Q. Caecilius Metelius perhaps (see pp. 154-5); Naevius is
alluding to contemporary politics.
98
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
THE TARENTINE MAID «
69-71
From the prologue :
Charisius : ' Quanti ' is used when we ask the price but are
not actually buying ; ' quanto ' when we are procuring a
thing and have bought it. However ^ . . . Naevius in The
Tarentine Maid —
that a belief, which I have tested by the applause
I get here in the theatre, no Grand Duke ^ in the
world dares to shatter — by what a lot does slavery
here beat yonder freedom !
72
Two young men lead a wild life {at Tarentum ?) :
Charisius : ' Utrubi ' . . . —
There are two places — where are you fellows going
to dine, here or in the dining-room ?
73
Charisius : ' Serio ' for truly ... —
I'm seriously afraid
74-9
Their fathers discuss. A girl is the cause of the trouble :
Isidore : Naevius ^ on some shameless hussy —
As though she were playing at ball, give-and-take
in a ring, she makes herself common property to all
men. To one she nods, at another she winki ; one
she caresses, another embraces. Now elsewhere a
^ The author's name is variously given (see opposite).
But the quotation of line 76 of this fr. by Paulus, as from
Naevius' Tarentilla, points to Naevius as the author of the
whole passage, because Paulus' (=restus') source was a
good one. The readings are not certain, but that the
metre is trochaic is indicated by Paulus' quotation of line 76.
Isidore read senarii.
99
h2
NAEVIUS
Alibi manus est occupata, alii pervellit pedem;
anuluni dat alii spectandum, a labris aliuni invocat,
cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 21, 18 (Xaevius in Tarentilla— 76); Thes.
Nov. Laf., ap. Mai, A net. Class. VIII, 54 (Livius— 76); 372
(Plautus— 76); 376 (Plautus— 76) ; Gloss. Amplm. 252
(Plautus— 76).
80-81
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 212, 27 : ' Peregre ' pro peregri ... —
. . . Ubi isti duo adulescentes habent
qui hie ante parta patria peregre prodigunt ?
82
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 127, 3 : ' Duum ' . . . —
Salvi et fortunati sitis duo duum nostrum patres !
83
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 239, 23 : ' Ei ei ' . . . —
Ei ei ! Etiamne audent mecum una apparere ?
84-5
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 239, 25 : ' Atattatae ' idem in
eadem —
Atattatae !
cave cadas amabo !
'® alii adnutat e. q. s. Paul, ex F. alia thes. cf. Rihb., Com.
Fragyn., pp. 19-20 (pp. 22-3, ed. 3) alium tenet alii adnu-
tat alibi manus vel sim. cdd. Isid.
■'^ pervellit cdd. (pervellet Amhros. Rem.) percellit Dacier
'® alii dat anulum cdd. expectandum vel spectandum
cdd.
'^ aliis (alii, alis) dat d. 1. cdd. alii suo dat Ribb.
^2 fortasse nostri
*3 etiamne Keil eti am se cd. etiam se edd. mecum
Fabricius in e cum cd. alii alia
*^ ne cadas Ribb.
100
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
hand is kept busy; now she jerks another's foot.
To one she gives her ring to look at, to another her
lips blow a kiss that in\'ites. She sings a song with
one ; but waves ° a message for another with her
finger.
80-81
One asks where the young men live :
Charisius : ' Peregre ' for ' peregri ' . . . —
Where do those two young men keep house, who
squander here abroad the wealth their fathers once
gained ?
82
The fathers are greeted by their sons :
Charisius : ' Duum ' . . . — •
Good day, good luck to you, the two fathers of
us two !
83
The fathers'' disgust at seeing their drunken sons :
Charisius : ' Ei, ei.' ... —
Oh ! oh ! Do they even dare to show up in my
company ?
84-5
One son holds up the other ? :
Charisius goes on: ' Atattatae.' The same writer ii the
same play —
Ah ! tut tut ! Mind you don't fall, for mercy's
sake.
° Possibly 'gives a billet-doux from her own hand.' Bat
Isidore seems to take it otherwise — he goes on to quote in
Latin Proverbs, VI, 13, ' annuit ocido, terit pede, digito
loquitur.''
lOI
NAEVIUS
86-7
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 216, 31 : ' Rursus ' . . . Naevius in
Tarentilla —
qua, pro ! confidentia ausus verbum cum eo fuerim
facere rursus ?
88-9
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 208, 7 : ' Nimis ' . . . —
Numquam quisquam amico amanti arnica nimis fiet
fidelis,
nee nimis erit morigera et f nota f quisquam.
90-91
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 212, 21 : ' Peregri ' autem cum in
loco est ... —
Primum ad virtutem ut redeatis, abeatis ab ignavia,
domos patris patriam ut colatis potius quam peregri
probra.
92
Charisius, ap. G.L.^ I, 198, 1 : ' Defricate ' . . . —
facete et defricate
8*"' qua pro c. | rusus v. c. e, facerem coni. Keil
"^ nee erit nimis Ribb. morigera et vota quisquam Ribb.
m, e. nota q. Lindmann m. n. quisque ed. princ.
morigeret nota quisqua cd.
*^ domi Ribb. probra Ribb. probro cdd.
T02
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
86-7
Further disgust of a father :
Charisius : ' Rursus ' . . . Xaevius in The Tarentine Maid. —
. . . what self-assurance, damn it, made me bold
enough to have a word with him again ?
8&-9
Warning of a father ; women are fickle :
Charisius : ' Ximis ' . . . —
You'll never find any lass who's any too faithful
to a lad in love ; none will be too compliant.
90-91
Exhortation to the sons :
Charisius : ' Peregri,' however, is the form used when one is
in a place ° . . . —
First that you must take leave of idleness and turn
again to virtue; pay honour to your homes, your
fathers' and your native land, rather than to villainy
abroad.
92
Unplaced fragment :
Charisius : ' Defrieate ' . . . —
smartly and scathingly ^ 4
" Whereas peregre means ' in,' ' to ' or ' from foreign parts '
according to the context or question asked.
^ Or possibly ' in a manner spick and span ' or " chic ' ;
but ' defrico ' means to ' rub well,' and so probably to lash
with the tongue (cp. Hor., *S'., I, 104).
NAEVIUS
TECHNICUS
Varro, L.L., VII, 107 : Apud Naevium ... in Technico,
coiifictant ' a confictione dictum.
TESTICULARIA
93
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 516, 14 : ' Scindo, scidi ' .
' scicidi ' . . . Naevius in Testicularia —
Immo quos scicidimus conscindam atque abiciam.
TRIPHALLUS
94-6
Gellius, II, 19, 6 : Aliter . . . dictum esse rescivi aut
rescire apud eos qui diligenter locuti sunt nondum invenimus
quara super is rebus quae aut consulto consilio latuerint aut
contra spem opinionemve usu venerint . . . Naevius in
Triphallo . . .—
Umquam si quicquam filium rescivero
argentum amoris causa sumpse mutuum,
extemplo te illo ducam ubi non despuas.
Varrn, VII, 107 : a conficto convenire dictum odd.
^3 scicidi in ius Ribb. scicidi minus Bern., Sang., Lugd.
sciscidimus Par. 7496
"* umquam si Carrio si cumquam Ribb., Bergk sive
umquam Skutsch sin umquam Mr. si umquam cdd.
^^ sumpse Fruter. sumpsisse vel sim. cdd.
**^ te illo Bothe extemplo illo te cdd. extempulo i. t.
C. F. W. Mr.
» Possibly (Ritschl, Opusc, II, 483). But in the only
other example of this word (Quintil., II, 13, 15) the sense is
' a teacher of art,' a technologist.
104
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
THE CHARLATAN «
Varro : In a passage of Naevius ... in The Charlatan
'confictant ' ' thev counterfeit,' is derived from ' confictio.'
A PLAY ABOUT TESTICLES
93
Priscianus: ' Scindo,' perf. ' scidi ' . . . ' scicidi ' also . . .
Naevius in The Play about Testicles —
No indeed ! Those we have cut off I'll cut up and
cast away.^
TRIPHALLUS ^
94-6
Gellius : I have not yet found, in the works of those who
have paid close attention to diction, ' rescivi ' or ' rescire '
used otherwise than in connexion with things which were
hidden of set purpose or happened contrary to hope or expec-
tation. . . . Naevius in Triphallus ... —
If ever I come to know that my son has received
any loan of money on account of a love affair, I will
straightway lead you to that place where you couldn't
spit down.*^
^ An obscure and doubtful fragment. If we read scicidi
in ius, there may be a pun on ius, law-court and ius broth
(cp. Cic, Verr., II, 1, 46); or a pun on testis, a testicle and
testis a witness (cp. Plant., Cure, I, 1, 31); or a pun on both
words.
' i.e. with a very big phallus; an adjective applied to
Priapus, but, in this play, presumably to a man.
** Spitting was supposed to turn away something evil.
Perhaps there is a reference to the muzzle worn by the beasts
or bad slaves who worked the corn-mills, or to the wooden
fork placed on the neck of bad slaves. It would prevent
spitting dowTiwards.
NAEVIUS
TUNICULARIA
97-100
Festus, 290, 21 : ' Penem ' antiqui codam vocabant
dietus est forsitan a pendendo. Naevius in Tunicularia-
Theodotum
cum Apella comparas qui Compitalibus
sedens in cella circumtectus tegetibus
Lares ludentes peni pinxit bubulo ?
101
Varro, L.L., VII, 108 : Apud Naevium . . . —
ecbolas aulas quassant
quae eiciuntur a Graeco verbo iK^oXrj dictum.
102
Festus, 170, 6 : ' Naueum ' ait Ateius Philologus poni
pro nugis ... —
eius noctem nauco ducere.
*^ cum Apella comparas qui compitalibus Umpfenbaeh
compellas cd. compella S oppeilans Buecheler com-
peiles vel compeilas Ribb. adpellas Bothe appellas
O. Mr. aris Maehly
®* circumtectus O. Mr. circumtectos Maehly circum-
tecta S circumtectuas cd. circumtectas {sc aras) coni.
Ribb.
^"^ ecbolas O. Mr. exbolas Aid. exbole Varr. aulas
quassant Goth.q. a. rell. ecbolas quassant aulas {trib. aulas
Varr.) Ribb. ed. 2
^"- nauci Bothe
io6
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
A PLAY ABOUT A LITTLE COAT
97-100
Festus : ' Penis,' Archaic writers applied this name to a
tail . . . perhaps it is derived from ' pendere.' Naevius in
A Play about a Little Coat-
Do you compare Theodotus with Apelles — Theo-
dotus who, sitting in a closet, and screened all round
with mats, on the day of the Cross-Roads feast,
painted with an ox-tail " the Guardian-Gods at play ?
101
Varro : In a passage of Naevius ... —
they shiver the outcast pots
by outcasts are meant pots which are thrown away ; the term
is derived from the Greek word €k^oXt].
102
Festus : ' Naucum.' Ateius The Litterateur says this word
is put for ' trifles.' ... —
A night of hers he values at one nut.
" sc. a paint-brush. Various readings of this fr. have been
proposed (Panofka, Bh. Mus., IV, 133; Maehlv, Ann. Phil.,
1861, 140; Jordan, Ann. Arch. Inst., 1862, 338; Preller, Myth.
Rom., 495). One certainly thinks of a man painting with
great ceremony a worthless and trivial picture. Cf. Abbot,
in Transact, and Proceed. Am. Philol. Assoc, XXXVIII, 49.
Apelles was a famous Greek painter of Alexander's time.
107
NAEVIUS
EX AMBIGUI TITULI A FABULIS
103
Nonius, 155, 24: * Prospica ' et 'despica,' intenta et con-
templata. Naevius f Assitogiola f —
hac sibi prospica, hac despica
104
Nonius, 151, 1 : ' Praecisum ' et 'omasum' partes camis
et viscerum. Naevius t Herularia f —
praecisum omasum pernam callos f glifis t
glandia.
105
Donatus, ad Ter., Adelph., IV, 1, 5 : . . . Eius modi adu-
lescentis inducunt comici, ut Naevius in Tribacelo —
Deos quaeso ut adimant et patrem et matrem meos.
^071. 155 : contemplata Onions contempla C(?(Z. Astio-
loga (17 daretoAoyos) Ribb. {qui et Astrologa coni.) Agitatoria
lun. Asoto, t giola f Onions
iVon., 151 : herularia c(Z(^. Nervularia Ritschl Ecularia
vel Ferularia Buecheler
^'^* callos Onions callus Mercier callum Bentin.
gallus cdd. glissis Urbin. glires Bentin. glifis cdd.
(clifis Lit.) glandia ed. jtrinc. grandia cdd.
Donat : Tribacelo Ribb. Triphallo Bothe Tribascelo
ed. Mediol. tribaselo cd. L tribasello cd. Oand. ter
baselo cd. D.
* There are one or two other fragments, quoted under
uncertain titles, besides those given here. See pp. 142-3, 596.
108
COMEDIES IN GREEK DRESS
COMEDIES" WITH UNCERTAIN TITLE
103
Nonius : ' Prospica ' and ' despica,' looking eagerly and
contemplating. Naevius in f Assitogiola "f — • ^
here she was looking ahead for herself, there
looking down
104
Nonius : ' Praecisum ' and ' omasum ' are parts of flesh
and meat. Naevius in f Herularia f "
a cutlet, tripe, a ham, steaks . . . sweetballs
105
Donatus, on a passage '^ in Terence : . . . Writers of
comedies bring on the stage young men of this sort, for
example, Naevius in Tribacelus — ^
I pray the gods may remove my father and my
mother.
^ Jonghe (Junius) reads Agitaforia, and this is perhaps right.
" Or ' Nervularia,' The Play of the Little Cord ? This was
certainly the title of a play by Plautus (Gell., Ill, 3, 6). But
]\ISS. here in Non. have Herularia (jTAe Flay of the Little
Master ?).
^ Where Ctesiphon, wishing to enjoy himself all day, agrees
with Syrus' hope that Ctesiphon's father will endure some-
thing ' better ' than fatigue — that is, will die.
* Thus Ribbeck, and he is probably right. Tribacelus would
represent TpL^aKrjXos in Greek. ^6.Kr]Xos meant a eunuch
dedicated to Cybele, and so a weak-minded or lewd man
{haceolus in Suet., Div. Aug., 87).
109
NAEVIUS
106-7
Cicero, de Senect., 6, 60 : —
(A) Cedo qui vestram rem publicam tantam amisistis
tarn cito ?
Sic enim percontantur, ut est in Naevi poetae Ludo. Re-
spondentur et alia et hoc in primis —
(B) Proveniebant oratores novi, stulti adulescentuli.
TRAGOEDIAE
ANDROMACHA
1-2
Servius auctus, ad Verg., Georg., I, 266 : ' Fiscina ' genus est
vasis, id est corbulae brevis. . . . Naevius in Andromacha —
Quod tu, mi gnate, quaeso ut in pectus tuum
demittas, tamquam in fiscinam vindemitor.
Cic. de Senect. : ludo vel libro cdd. Lupo Ribb.
versus varie mutant docti
Serv. auct. : Naevius, Commelinus Novius, cd.
2 i. f. V. Bothe vindemiator i. f. Serv. auct.
" Naevius is certainly alluding to the politics of his day, but
whether the title of the play was Ludtbs, and if so, what type
of play it was, we do not know. Ribbcck reads L^lpo and
assigns the fr. to the praetexta Lupus (see pp. 136-9). Mueller
IIO
TRAGEDIES
106-7
Cicero
(A) Tell me, how was it that you ruined such a
mighty commonw ealth as yours so quickly ?
For that is the question men ask, as we find in The Game "
of the poet Xaevius. Among other answers that are given, this
will be the chief one —
(B) There came forward new-fangled orators, silly
little youngsters.
TRAGEDIES
ANDROMACHE
1-2
Servius augmented, on ' fiscina ' in Virgil : A ' fiscina ' is a
species of utensil, namely a small basket. Naevius in
Andromache — ^
And this, my son, I beg that you press deep
Into your heart, as might the vintager
Grapes into a frail.
takes the name to be Lydus, and Norden (Sitz.-Ber. Berl.
Ak., 1924, 229) believes Naevius translated Antiphanes'
comedy AuSo?. See also Moore, Am. Journ. Phil., XXIII,
437 ; M. Lenchantin de Gubernatis, ' La leggenda Romana
e le praetextae,' Biv. di filol., XL, 444; Ribb., Trag. Fragm.,
p. 278; B.T., 66.
* Thus the augmenter of Servius. It is possible that the
play was a comedy (R., 50), and some follow the MS. reading
and attribute it to Novius.
Ill
NAEVIUS
DANAE
Acrisius, King of Argos, in fear of an oracle which declared
that the son of his daughter Danae would slay his grand-
father, imprisoned Danae in a dungeon underground or in a
brazen tower. In spite of careful watch kept by Acrisius,
Danae was visited by Jupiter (or, according to one version,
Proteus her uncle) in the form of a shower of gold, and gave
birth to Perseus. Acrisius exposed both mother and son on
3
Nonius, 469, 34 : ' Contempla ' . . . Naevius Danae —
Contemplo placide formam et faciem virginis.
4
Nonius, 186, 24 : ' Valentia,' fortitudo. . . . —
Omnes formidant homines eius valentiam.
5
Nonius, 262, 24 : ' Confidentia,' constantia ... —
Excidit orationis onmis confidentia.
6-7
Nonius, 138, 13 : ' ]\Ianubiae,' manus exuviae. ... —
manubiae
subpetant pro me !
' contemplo cdd. contempla Ribb.
Non., 138 : manubiae W manubias cdd. exubiae
cdd. exuvias Quich.
* m. I 8. p. m. vel m. subpetiant p. m. W manubias
suppetiat prone Ribb. manubias subpetat pro me cdd.
sibi petat | pro me quid. a. Ribb.
TRAGEDIES
DANAE
the sea in a chest, which was carried to Seriphus island. .
Here Polydectes' brother Dictys rescued them.
Only one or two fragments can be placed with any degree
of certainty. The play may have been one of Xaevius'
contaminations; Sophocles wrote a play 'AKpiacos and
Euripides a play AamT^.
3
How Jupiter visited Danae in her dungeon :
Nonius : ' Contempla ' . . . Naevius in Danae —
I quietly scan the maiden's form and face.'^
4
The might of Jupiter :
Nonius : ' Valentia,' strength ... —
All mortals dread his mightiness.
5
Discovery that Danae is a mother ? :
Nonius : ' Confidentia,' steadfastness ... — -
All the self-confidence of speech is lost.
6-7
Danae calls Jupiter to witness ? :
Nonius : ' Manubiae,' as it were ' manus exuviae,' things
which are stripped from the hand. ... —
^ Hand's strippings come as aid on my behalf !
" Possibly part of Danae's story to her father; or the play
may have included the coming of Jupiter. But cf. R., 55.
^ The readings are uncertain and the meaning is obscure.
The origin of biae is unknown, but it is generally agreed that
' manubiae ' means ' what is held in the hands ' ; it was usually
employed in the sense of monej- obtained by the sale of booty,
sometimes it meant the booty itself. But in augury it meant
flashes of lightning, as here probably.
113
VOL. II. I
NAEMUS
Nonius, 110, 19: ' Fulgorivit,' fulgorcm fecit vel fulmine
afflavit. ... —
Suo sonitu claro fulgorivit luppiter.
Nonius, 123, 33 : ' Icit ' significat percutit, ab ictu . . .
(124,15)...-
. . . quae quondam fulmine icit luppiter.
10-11
Nonius, 456, 20 : ' Compotem ' ... in mala {sc. parte)
positum ... —
. . . eam nunc esse inventam probris conpotem
scis.
12
Nonius, 305, 23 : ' Fama ' est rursus infamia . . . (306,
6) . . .-
Desubito famam tollunt si quam solam videre in via.
Cp. Non., 518, 1 (. . . Naevius Danae).
13
Nonius, 366, 1 : ' Pretium ' pro praemio. ... —
Quin ut quisque est meritus praesens pretium pro
factis ferat.
' quae cdd. quam Delrio quem Scriverius
<Semela> quam Bergk quamne Ribb. quandam cdd.
(quondam Flor. 3)
1" probris Ribb. probriMercier proprisLu.l propriis
rdl.
TT4
TRAGEDIES
8
Jupiter answers ? :
Nonius : ' Fulgorivit,' he made lightning, or made a blast
with a thunderbolt ... —
Lightened Jupiter with his own loud din.
9
Acrisius scorns the sign ? :
Nonius : ' Icit ' means strikes, from ' ictus ' . . . —
Which once smote Jupiter with a thunderbolt.
10-11
Acrisius is told that Danae alone is to blame :
Nonius : ' Compos ' has been used in a bad sense ... —
And now you know that she has been discovered
In lewdness a partaker.
12
No woman is safe :
Nonius : ' Fama ' again means infamy ... —
If men have seen some woman in the street
Alone, straightway they raise a scandal.
13
Danae and her son are condemned to exposure on the sea ? :
Nonius : ' Pretium ' for reward ... —
Ready reward let each man rather take
For deeds, in due proportion to deserts.
12 videre cdd. 518 videmus cdd. 306
l2
115
NAEVIUS
14
Nonius, 290, 31 : ' Exigere ' est excludere . . . (291, 6)—
Dariae
. . . indigne exigor patria innocens.
15
Nonius, 503, 38 : ' Lavit ' pro lavat . . . (504, 3)—
. . . amnis iugi eo fonte lavere me memini manum.
EQUOS TROIANUS
We have apparently one fragment from a Trojan Horse of
Naevius, one from a Trojan Horse of Livius, and two from a
Trojan Horse of which the author is not named (see pp. 10-1 1 ).
There may be a confusion of names, and all the frs. may belong
to one play by Livius or Naevius. The play dealt with the
famous trick played by the Greeks on the Trojans. From a
passage in Plautus' Bacchides (IV, 9, 1 ff.) we can see that the
characters occurring or mentioned in Naevius' jjlay included
16
Macrobius, VI, 1, 38 : ' Numquara liodie efifugies . . .' {Ed.,
Ill, 49). Naevius in Equo Troiano —
Numquam hodie efFugies quin mea manu moriare. . . .
^^ amnis Ribb. iugieo(wnugis) W ar *m-iubeocrf(/.
auri fulvo (Jrotius a. iubeo Delrio amnis rivco Ribb-
(eam n. vel enim ruboo Buecheler) me mcmin' Orotius
memini cdd. nemini Scriverius
^* mea manu moriare cdd. mea moriaris man' ll'bb.
ii6
TRAGEDIES
14
Nonius : 'Jixigere ' (to drive out) means to exclude . . . —
Danae
Unworthily am I, a guiltless woman,
Driven out of my native land.
15
Unplaced fragynent :
Nonius : ' Lavit ' for lavat ... — ■
I '^ do remember that I washed my hand
In yonder river's fount which ever flows.
THE TROJAN HORSE
Epius, builder of the horse; Sino, who from Achilles' tomb
gave the fire-signal to the Greeks at Tenedos ; Ulysses, Mene-
laus, Agamemnon, Alexander (Paris), Helen, Troilus, Hecuba,
Priam, and Cassandra {Plant., line 9, 0 Troia, o patria, o Per-
gamum o Priame periisti senex may be a quotation from
Naevius). Plautus indicates incidents such as the seizure of
the Palladium, the death of Troilus, and the destruction of
the lintel of the Phrygian gate.
16
Menelaus, after the capture of Troy, threatens Helen ? :
Macrobius, on ' You will never escape this time ' ... in
"S'irgil : Naevius in The Trojan Horse —
Never will you escape this time ; no, no.
By my hand you shall die.
<* Possibly Danae in a dream, as in Sophocles' Acrisius, or
possibly Danae is thinking of her past danger on the sea.
"7
NAEVIUS
HECTOR PROITCISCENS
17
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., IV, 31, 67 : Aliter . . . Naevianus ille
gaudet Hector —
Hector
Laetus sum laudari me abs te, pater, a laudato viro,
aliter ille apud Trabeam.
Cp. Cic, ad Fam., V, 12, 7; XV, 6, 1 ; Sen., Ep., 102, 16.
18
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 400, IK: ' Adorior ' et ' adorio '
. . . Naevius in Hectore Proficiscente —
Tunc ipsos adoriant, ne qui hinc Spartam referat
nuntium.
HESIONA
19
Gellius, X, 25, 3 : Admonendum existimo lingulam veteres
dixisse gladiolum oblongum. . . . Naevius in tragoedia
Hesiona. ... —
Hercules
Ne mihi gerere morem videar lingua verum lingula.
Cp. Varr., L.L., VII, 107.
^® qui Hermann quis cdd.
'^ no mihi 0. Mr. sine mihi cdd.
ii8
TRAGEDIES
HECTOR'S DEPARTURE «
17
Hector''s parting with Priam :
Cicero : The famous Hector in Naevius expresses his glad-
ness otherwise —
Hector
Happy am I, my father, to be praised
By you, a man whom others praise,
quite differently from the Hector in Trabea's play.
18
Council of tvar ; The Trojans must rout the Achaeans :
Priscianus : ' Adorior ' and ' adorio ' . . . Xaevius in
Hector's Departure —
Then let them charge the warriors too, so that
No man may bring the news from here to Sparta.
HESIONE
19
Hercules'' icrath at Laoniedon'' s faithlessness^ :
Gellius : I think I ought to advise you that the term
' lingula ' was given by the old writers to an oblong small-
sword. . . . Naevius in the tragedy Hesione ... — •
Hercules
Let men not think that I perform my will
With word instead of sword.
" This play would naturally deal with Hector's farewell
to his parents, wife, and child, and also (if only by a messenger's
reports) his combats with Patroclus and AchUles, and his death
at the hands of Achilles.
* Laomedon refused to give Hesione to Hercules as he had
promised, and was killed by him.
119
NAEVIUS
IPHIGENIA
20
Eur., Iph., Taur., 236-7 XO. Kal ^irjv SB' aKras iKXincbv
daXaaoiovs \ ^ovcf)opP6s t]KCL, a-qfiavtov ri aoi veov.
Isidorus, Orig., XII, 1, 30 : Latini {bovem) trionem vocant eo
quod terram terat, quasi ' terionem.' Naevius —
Chorus
. . . trionum hie moderator rustieus.
21
Eur., Iph. Taur., 1487 ?
Nonius, 370, 19 : ' Passum,' extensum, patens. . . .
Naevius Iphigenia —
Passo velo vicinum, Aquilo, me hinc in portum fer
foras !
22
Eur., Ip7i. Taur., 1388-9 e;)^o/Liev yap (LvTrep e'veK d^evov
TTopov I TiVfXTrXTjydScov eacodev eiaeTrXevaafxev .
Nonius, 205, 23 : ' Fretuni ' . . . Masculini . . . Naevius —
Dubii faventem per fretum introeurrimus.
20 hie <est> Ribb.
2^ velo lun. velod Ribb. velo me Maehl}"- hinc
i nunc (pro vicinum) Havet Aquilo me W Aquilo
med(w/nos com.) Ribb, Aquilo Orestem Havet Aquilo
in Mercier passo vel hoc vicinum aquilone cdd. <hinc
in> portum W (portum Mr.) e portu Havet hor-
tum cdd. alii alia
TRAGEDIES
IPHIGENIA «
20
A herdsman com^s to report to Iphigenia that tivo young men
have come to the land :
Isidore : This animal {sc. the ox) the Latins name ' trio,'
as it were ' terio,' because ' terit,' he bruises the ground.
Naevius —
Chorus
Here comes a peasant driver of ploughing oxen.
Escape of Orestes and Iphigenia from the Tauri ; Orestes
speaks ? :
Nonius : ' Passmn,' stretched out, spread open. . . . Naevius
in Iphigenia —
Wind of the North, bear me with sail full spread
Hence to a neighbouring haven ! ^
22
Messenger ? reports to Thoas the escape of Orestes and
Iphigenia :
Nonius : ' Fretum ' ... of the masculine gender. . . .
Naevius —
With doubting hearts across the friendly sea
We run within.'^
" The single certain fr. points to Iphigenia in Taurica as
the stor\% with Euripides' play as the model. Three other
frs. of Naevius, which look like adaptations of passages in
Euripides, are added here in the likelihood that they belong
to this play. The chorus would be one of Greek captive
women.
^ Cf. Ribb., Trag. Fr., Corollar., XI-XII.
*■ sc. The S^'mplegades. The fretus favens is the Euxine
('Hospitable'). The messenger reports the mysterious voice
that came from the middle of Orestes' ship.
I2T
NAEVIUS
23
Eur. Iph. Taur., 1422 <L TrdvTeg darol rrjabe ^ap^dpov
xOovos,
Cicero, Oral., 45, 152 : Nobis, ne si cupiainus quidern, dis-
trahere voces conceditur ; indicant . . . omnes poetae praeter
eos qui ut versum faceront saepe hiabant, ut Naevius —
Thoas
Vos qui adcolitis Histrum fluvium atque algidam.
LYCURGUS
The legend of Lycurgus in the main took two forms : —
(i) Lycurgus, son of Dry as and king of the Edones on the river
Strymon, chased Dionysus (or Liber), who was passing through
Thrace, into the sea, and made his Bacchants and Satyrs
prisoners. But the Bacchants were suddenly set free, and
Lycurgus, gripped by a Dionysian frenzy, mistook his son
Dryas for a vine and slew him. Famine now seized the land,
and in obedience to an oracle, the Edones left Lycurgus in
bonds on Mount Pangaeus, where he was, at the wish of
Dionysus, torn to pieces by horses (Apollodorus, III, 5.
There were some variants in this story), (ii) When Dionysus
was passing from Asia into Europe, he made a treaty of friend-
ship with Lycurgus, a king in the region of the Hellespont, who
allowed the Bacchants to enter the land, but treacherously
24
Nonius, 476, 6 : ' Tutant ' . . . Naevius Lycurgo —
Nuntius
Tuos qui celsos terminos tutant,
23 qui cdd. ques vel queis vd quis Ritschl adal-
gidum Klussmann
122
TRAGEDIES
23
Thoas orders his people to pursue the fugitives :
Cicero : We do not allow ourselves to leave a hiatus even
if we wish. . . . All the poets point this way to us except
those who .used many a time to allow a hiatus in order to make
a line ; for example, Naevius — •
Thoas
All you who ^ dwell
By Danube River and the region chill.
LYCURGUS
planned to have them and Dionysus killed by night. Dionysus,
warned by Charops a Thracian of the plot, obtained reinforce-
ments too late to prevent the massacre of his Bacchants. But
he defeated the Thracians in a pitched battle, captured
Lycurgus, blinded, tortured, and crucified him. Charops was
made king of the Thracians and initiated into the orgies
(Diodor. Sic, III, 65).
The extant fragments, most of which can be placed in
probable contexts, might belong to a play on either form of the
legend. Naevius' model may have been a play from Aeschy-
lus' tetralogy entitled AvKovpyeta (cf. R., 55 ff.). Scene: in
front of Lycurgus' palace; chorus of Bacchants. Compare
Accius' tragedy The Rebels (pp. 534 ff.), where the chorus
was composed of Lycurgus' followers.
24
The coming of Liber and his followers is reported to Lycurgus ;
how they passed the garrison on the frontier :
Nonius : ' Tutant ' . . . Naevius in Lycurgus —
Messenger
The men who guard your lofty boundaries,
" Cicero's copy of Naevius evidently read qui ; but Naevius
may have originally written ques or queis without hiatus.
NAEVIUS
25
Nonius, 191, 12 : ' Angues ' masculino genere . . . —
Alte iiibatos angues in sese gerunt.
26
Nonius, 192, 29 : ' Arva ' . . . feminine. Naevius
Lycurgo —
. . . quaque incedunt, omnis arvas opterunt.
27-9
Nonius, 322, 34 : Ingenio . . . sua sponte vel natura ... —
Lycurgus
Vos qui regalis corporis custodias
agitatis, ite actutum in frundiferos locos
ingenio arbusta ubi nata sunt non obsitu.
30-32
Nonius, 6, 15 : ' Illicere ' est proprie illaqueare. ... —
alii
sublime in altos saltus inlicite . . .
ubi bipedes volucres lino linquant lumina.
25 in sese cdd. inlaesae Bothe
Non. 192 : Lycurgo lib. II quaque cdd. Liberi quaque
Mercier Liberi <8unt> quaque Ribb. qui et liberi i
coni. (liberi Mercier) i (ii Quich.) quaque Linds.
-* arbusta ubi nata S a. ut n. B arbusto vineta cdd.
obsitu Gen., Bern. 83 obstutas rell. obsita S
2° alii S alis cdd. {an rede .^ = alius) < alias > alis
Ribb.
3^ sublime in altos (vel alios) Buecheler sublimen
(subumen Lii. 1) alios rfZ</. sublime Linds. <invios>
suppl. Ribb. alis sublime in altos {vel alios) inlicit [ Buecheler
124
TRAGEDIES
25
The wonderful array of Maenads :
Nonius : ' Angues ' in the masculine gender ... —
High on their persons bear they crested snakes.
26
who tread down the fields :
Nonius : ' Arva ' ... in the feminine. Naevius in
Lycurgns " —
Wherever they march they crush down all the
fields.
27-9
Lycurgus sends his bodyguard to repress the intruders :
Nonius : ' Ingenio ' . . . ' of one's own accord ' or 'by
nature ' . . . —
Lycurgus
You whose duties are
To be my royal bodyguard, go you
Straightway into the leafy places, where
Greenwoods have grown in nature's way and not
From a man's sowing.
30-32
Nonius : * lUicere ' (lure) properly means the same as
' illaqueare ' (ensnare) ... —
Go, others of you, lure them up on high
To lofty glades, . . . wherein these hopping birds
In flaxen toils may leave the light of day.^
" After Lycurgo, the MSS. have lib. Ily which is perhaps a
false interpolation. But Nonius may have written Liber i
<sunt> ' Liber's they are ' . . .
* This fr. is corrupt, but the Bacchae appear to be spoken
of in a metaphor as birds (so that it would be wrong to take
alis of the cdd. as alius). Cp. Eurip,, Bacch., 748 ff., where the
Bacchae are compared with birds.
125
NAEVIUS
33-4
Nonius, 224, 37 : ' Schema ' . . . neutro ... —
Chorus
Pergite
thyrsigerae Bacchae [modo] Bacchico cum schemate.
35
Nonius, 213, 10 : ' Melos ' generc neutro ... —
suavisonum melos
36
Priscianus, ap. G.L., 11, 228, 21 K : Antiqui et hoc iter
iteris et hoc itiner itineris dixerunt. ... —
Ignotae iteris sumus, tute scis.
Cf. Non., 124, 32; 485,5; TAes. wot'. Lai. ap. Mai, CZ. ^mc<.,
VIII, 127, 194.
37-8
Nonius, 14, 19 ' Vitulantis ' veteres gaudentes dixerunt
ut in venatu vitulantes ex suis
locis nos mittant poenis decoratas feris.
^* Bacchae Bentin. brehcae cdd. modo Bacchiaco
Bergk {seclud. modo Ribb.)
^^ suavisonum Gulielnnis suave summum cdd.
3" ignotae cdd. Non. 124 ignoti cdd. Non. 485, Prise,
7'hes.fortasse ignotei ignotae <hic> i.s. <si> vel <an>
coni. Ribb. trih. Plant., Thes., 127, 194
^' ut in cdd. uti Buecheler suis cdd. aviis S
^* locis cdd. lucis Mercier Poenis S pennis
Mercier decoratas Ribb. decoratos Gulielmus
decoratus cdd.
126
TRAGEDIES
33-4
Enter chorus of Bacchants :
Nonius : ' Schema ' ... in the neuter ... —
Chorus
On, on ! you Bacchants, bearing sacred wands.
With Bacchic posturing.
35
Nonius : ' Melos ' in the neuter gender . . . —
sweet-sounding melody
36
They seek a road through the land :
Priscianus : Archaic writers used both forms : ' iter,' nomina-
tive singular, ' iteris,' genitive singular ; and ' itiner,' nomina-
tive singular, ' itineris,' genitive singular ... —
The road we ° know not ; it is you who know it.
37-8
They are informed of Lycurgus^ plans against them :
Nonius : ' Vitulantis ' is a term used by the old writers for
rejoicing ... —
While they go gladly trippling in the chase,
That they may drive us out from their demesnes
Smartened by savage punishments.
" I have retained ignotae, but ignoti may be right, if we
assume that the chorus was composed of Satyrs as well as
Bacchants.
127
NAEVIUS
39
Nonius, 540, 3 : ' Patagiura,' aureus clavus ... —
Satelles ?
pallis patagiis crocotis malacis mortualibus
Cp. Non., 548, 32.
40
Nonius, 487, 6 : ' Timor ' ct ' timos ' . . . —
lam ibi nos duplicat advenientis Liberi timos pavos.
41-2
Nonius, 547, 23 : ' Creterra ' est quam nunc situlam
vocant ... —
nam ut ludere laetantes inter se vidimus f praeter
amnem
creterris sumere aquam ex fonte,
Cp. Non., 84, 13.
*" Liberi suppl. W
*^~2 nam vel {vel sim.) Par. 7666 Lugd. Bamh. nam ut rell.
fortasse nemut namque ludere ut Voss. in se Harl.
Escorial. Par. 7667 inter se rell. inter sese Voss.
praeter ccld. propter lun. ut petere Buecheler terris
studere fecisset sumere aquam ex fonte cdd. 84 creter(r)i8
cdd. 547 ex fonte Harl. Par. 7667 Escorial 547 ex
(s)ponte rell. 547 aquam creterris sumere Ribb.
128
TRAGEDIES
39
The guards report to Lycurgus how they captured the
Maenads ; their attire :
Nonius : ' Patagium,' a golden stripe ... —
Servant ?
. . . with gowns
And golden edgings, with soft saffron dresses,
And clothes of death."
40
Hoio the guard feared the approach of Liber :
Nonius : ' Timor ' and ' timos ' . . . —
. . . Then and there
The fear and dread of Liber ^ at his coming
Did bend and double us.
41-2
Nonius : ' Creterra ' (bowl, bucket) is a vessel which they
now call a pail ... —
For as we saw them playing joyfully
One ^\ith another by the riverside,
And drawing water from the stream in buckets,*'
<* ' mourning clothes ' — an unexpected end to the list ;
perhaps it means grey or dark clothes.
* By conjecture I supply Liber i and take advenientis as
genitive singular, not accusative plural.
<= The words of the passage 7iam . . . amnem make good
sense but uncertain metre; Vossius' corrections namque ludere
ut and inter sese should perhaps be accepted.
129
VOL. II. K
NAEVIUS
43
Varro, L.L., Vll, 53 : Apud Naevium ... —
Satelles
Diabathra in pedibus habebat, erat amictus epicroco,
utrumque vocabulum Graecum.
44
Nonius, 481, 28 : ' Potior illam rem ' . . . —
Lycurgus
Die quo pacto eum potiti ; pugnan an dolis ?
45
Nonius, 159, 5 : ' Pecua ' et ' pecuda ' . . . —
Satelles
sine ferro ut pecua manibus ad mortem meant.
46-7
Nonius, 9, 16 : ' Mutus ' onomatopoeia est incertae vocis
quasi mugitus ... —
Lycurgus
Ducite
eo cum argutis Unguis mutas quadrupedis.
** pugnan (pugnad olim) Botlie pugna cdd.
*5 ferro cdd. terrore Ribb. pecua mansueta Bue-
cheler (pecua Mercier) manibus pecua ut Bergk pecora
manibus ut ad m. m. cdd. ut transp. W j)ecua manibus
ad quid, a p. I an.
*^ cum Aid. turn cdd. seclud. Havet
TRAGEDIES
43
Liber^s dress :
Varro : In a passage of Xaevius ... — •■
Servant
Slippers he had upon his feet, was clad
In safFron-tinted frock,
' diabathra ' and ' epicrocum ' are both Greek words.
44
Lycurgus asks how Liber was captured :
Nonius : ' Potior ' with the accusative ... —
Lycurgus
Say how you got him — fight or trickery ?
45
Submissive behaviour of the captives :
Nonius : ' Pecua ' and ' pecuda ' (cattle) ... —
Servant
... as cattle walk to death
Hand-guided," not by goad.
46-7
Lycurgus orders them to be bound and imprisoned :
Nonius : ' Mutus ' is an onomatopoeia of a vague utterance,
as it were a ' moo ' . . . — -
Lycurgus
Lead you them mumbling thither, ratthng tongues
And all, dumb creatures crawling on all fours.**
<* The readings and the meaning are uncertain; manibus
is awkward, and maiisueta may be right.
* He probably means 'gagged and bound.'
k2
NAEVIUS
48
Nonius, 258, 38 : ' Contendere ' significat comparare . . .
(259, 6) . . .—
Liher
Cave sis tuam contendas iram contra cum ira Liberi.
49
Nonius 73, 16 : ' Aerimonia ' est animi vivacitas . . . - —
Lycurgus
Ne ille mei feri ingeni atque animi acrem acrimoniam
50-51
Nonius, 124, 33 : ' Iniurie ' dictum pro iniuriose ... —
Liher
Oderunt di homines iniuros.
Lycurgus
Egone an ille iniurie
facimus ?
52-3
Nonius, 109, 21 : ' Fimbriae ' sunt omnis extremitas.
<NaeYius Lycurgo * * * ' Flora.' > Naevius Lycurgo —
Liher
. . . ut videam \ olcani opera haec flammis fieri
flora.
^° iniuros Bothe iniustos Havet iniuriose cdd.
Non., 109 : < Naevius . . . ' Flora '> add. Mercier
"-3 flora fieri Ribb.
132
TRAGEDIES
48
Dispute between Lycurgus and Liber :
Nonius : ' Contendere ' means to compare . . .
Liber
Beware, I pray you, setting up your wrath
With Liber's wrath, in opposition.
49
Nonius : ' Acrimonia ' is a liveliness of the mind ... —
Li/curgus
Let him not ^ roase my savage temper's wrath,
And my soul's hearty hate.
50-51
Nonius : ' Iniurie.' A term used for ' iniuriose ' . . . —
Liber
. . . The gods do hate unrighteous mortals.
Lycurgus
Do he or I unrighteously ?
52-3
Liber prays that he may do harm to Lycurgus :
Nonius : ' Fimbriae ' (fringe). A term for the extremity of
anything. Naevius * in Lycurgus * * * ' Elora,' Naevius in
Lycurgus —
Liber
. . . that I may see by Vulcan's work
These buildings flaring in a flower of flame.
" But ne may here be positive — ' Yes, he shall feel . . .'
And by acrimoniam Naevius meant something much stronger
than Nonius implies,
* Mercier was doubtless right in thinking that a quotation
from Naevius illustrating the use of fimbriae has fallen out
with a new lemma flora.
133
NAEVIUS
54
Nonius, 503, 16 : Ab eo quod est fervit breviato accentu
fervere facit ... —
Lycurgus
late longeque transtros nostros fervere.
55-6
Nonius, 84, 31 : ' Cette ' signifieat dicite vel date ... —
Liher
Proinde hue Dryante regem prognatum patre
Lycurgum cette.
57
Festus, 220, 7 : ' Obstinate,' obfirmato, perseveranti ... —
Vos qui astatis obstinati,
58
Nonius, 191, 31 : ' Amnem.' . . . feminino ... —
se quasi amnis celeris rapit sed tanien inflexu flectitur.
59
Nonius, 334, 24 : ' Liquidum ' rursum signifieat molle et
fluxum ... —
lam solis aestu candor quum liquesceret,
^* transtros nostros Ribb. Thracia nostros Grotius
Thraces n. Bothe {recte ?) trans nostros cdd.
^* proinde hue Dryante Ribb. (proin Dryante lun.) proin
dustriantte cdd.
^* so W sic Ribb. sed cdd. celeris rapit Ribb.
cita Buecheler cis rapit cdd. rapida Mercier rapit se
Bothe rapida taraen Voss. inflexu cdd. in fluxu
Mercier
134
TRAGEDIES
54
The palace of Lycurgus is set on fire :
Nonius : ' Fervit.' From this verb comes ' fervere ' with
the vowel shortened ... —
Lycurgus
our transoms glowing far and wide.
55-6
Liber, '^ victorious, calls for Lycurgus :
Nonius : ' Cette ' (hither with ! bring hither !) means ' tell '
or ' give ' . . . —
Liher
Then bring me hither
The King Lycm-gus, son of his father Dryas.
57
Lycurgus'' bodyguard must submit :
Festus : ' Obstinato,' steadfast, persevering ... —
All you who stubbornly stand by him.
58
Unplaced fragments :
Nonius : ' Amnem ' ... in the feminine ... —
as a river swift
Goes hurrying on, yet twists and turns withal.
59
Nonius : ' Liquidum ' again means soft and flowing ... —
When now the brilliant white of snow was melting
In the sun's scorching heat,
" R., 58 suggests a messenger demanding to see Lycurgus
so as to report the intrusion of Liber and his followers.
5^ quum ed. an. 1480 cui cdd.
^35
NAEVIUS
FABULAE
PRAETEXTAE
Fragments of apparently two plays, and no more, have
survived.
Clastidinm dramatised the campaign (222 B.C.) whereby
the Romans completed their conquest of Cisalpine Gaul
through the victory of the consuls M, Claudius Marcellus and
Cn. Cornelius Scipio. Marcellus came to the rescue of Clasti-
dium when it was besieged, and defeated the Gauls, killing with
his own hand their chief Viridomarus, Virdumarus or Brito-
matus and thus winning the spolia opima. Although great
credit was due to Scipio, Marcellus only was awarded a triumph
CLASTIDIUM
1
Varro, L.L., IX, 78 : In vocalibus casuum possunt item
fieri t . . . ac reponi quod aberit, ubi patietur natura et
consuetudo . . . ut in hoc apud Naevium in Clastidio —
Vita insepulta laetus in patriam redux.
ROMULUS sivE LUPUS
Donatus, ad Ter., Adelph., TV, 1, 21 : Falsum est quod
dicitur intervenisse lupam Naevianae fabulae alimonio Remi
et Romuli, dum in theatro ageretur.
* i.e. we may, under certain conditions, use in a missing
case a noun which in ordinary speech is defective.
'' It was perhaps somewhere near this sentence that Naevius
used the term ' vitulantes ' (trippling along), to express
136
HISTORICAL PLAYS
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN
ROMAN DRESS
(Polyb., II, 34-35; Plut., Marc, 6-8, etc. Grauert, PhiloL,
II, 119 ff.; Ribbeck, 72 ff.).
Romulus or Lupus {The Wolf). Apparently one play based on
the old Roman legend. (Cf. Ribbeck, 63 ff., who believes
Romulus and Lupus to be separate plays; H. Reich, ' Ueber
die Quellen der altesten Rom. Gesch.,' Fetschr. 0. Schade,
408 &.; Mesk, Wien. St., XXXVI, 27 flf.; Holzinger, Wien. St.,
XXXIV, 19, 7 ; Fraenkel. in Paulys Real-Encyd., Suppl.-B.
VI, 629). We cannot tell whether Naevius followed a different
legend in this play from the legend which he followed in The
Punic War (pp. 46 ff.).
CLASTIDIUM
1
Triumphant return of M. Claudius Marcellus {with Cn.
Cornelius Scipio) after victory over Viridomarus in 222 B.C. .•
Varro : In the formation of cases the same thing can come
about . . . and what will be lacking can be replaced," so long
as nature and custom will allow, for example, in the following
in a passage of Naevius' Clastidium —
Back to his native land, happy in hfe never dying. ^
ROMULUS OR THE WOLF
Donatus : The story, that when a play of Naevius was
being performed in the theatre, a she-wolf broke in at the
scene of the nourishment of Remus and Romulus, is false.
possibly the joy of Roman soldiers. — Varro, L.L., VII, 107
Apud Naevium . . . in Clastidio vitulantes a vitula. The
word occurs in the preceding play also ; see pp. 126-7.
137
NAEVIUS
2-3
Festus, 370, 21 : ' Redhostire,' referre gratiam. Naevius
in Lupo —
Rex Veiens regem salutat Viba Albanum Amulium
comiter senem sapientem : * Contra redhostis ? '
* Min salust ? '
EX INCERTIS FABULIS
(A) EX COMOEDIIS
1-3
Gellius, VII, 8, 5 : Nos satis habebimus, quod ex historia est
id dicere : Scipionem istum, verone an falso incertum, fama
tamen, cum esset adulescens, haud sincera fuisse, et prope-
modum constitisse, hosce versus a Cn. Naevio poeta in eum
scriptos esse —
Etiam qui res magnas manu saepe gessit gloriose,
cuius facta viva nunc vigent, qui apud gentes solus
praestat,
eum suus pater cum palliod unod ab arnica abduxit.
FesL, 370 : Ludo S
2 rex Ribb. vel cd. ubi S Veientis Usenet
salutat S salvere Ursinus saltant cd. Vibe {vel
Viba) Bueclieler vibae cd. iubeo S iubet Ursinus
3 comiter IS comitem cd. redhostit S red-
hostis cd. min salust Ribb. Maenalus S
menalust cd.
CoMOED, ^ manu magnas saepe vel manu s. m. Fleckeisen
magnas manu sua Bergk magnas manu saepe cdd.
3 palliod unod Ritschl, Buecheler pallio uno cdd. p.
u. <domum> B.
138
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
2-3
Meeting of a king of Veil with Amulius, King of Alba :
Festus : ' Redhostire,' to return a favour. Naevius in
The Wolf—
Viba,*^ King of Veii, gives kindly greeting to Alba's
wise and aged king Amulius : * Do you requite me
in turn ? ' ' Is it safe for me ? '
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
(A) FROM COMEDIES
1-3
Affairs at Rome. Scamlal about Scipio Africanus :
Gellius : I shall be content with relating this, which is
derived from historical record. It is not certain whether this
is true or false, but still the story goes that the famous Scipio,
when he was a young man, had a reputation by no means
unblemished, and that it was almost an established belief
that the following lines, written by the poet Gnaeus Naevius,*
were directed against him —
. . . Even him whose hand did oft
Accomplish mighty exploits gloriously,
Whose deeds wane not but live on to this day,
The one outstanding man in all the world.
Him, with a single mantle, his own father
Dragged from a lady-love's arms.
" This (like other readings in this fr.) is uncertain, but it is
quite likely. Compare Caeles Vibenna, who, according to
one story (Dionys. Hal., II, 36; Varro, L.L., V, 46), helped
Romulus against Tatius, the Sabine king. In this play
Viba ? possibly helped Romulus to kill Amulius. Besides
these fragments we have ' sponsus ' and ? ' casca ' (Oscan
word for stuff carded from wool) quoted by Varro {L.L.,
VII, 107 ; 54) from Naevius ' Romulus.
^ Almost certainly in a fabula togata.
NAEVIUS
4-5
Diomedes, ap. O.L., T, 343, UK: Amo veteres inchoative
modo ' amasco ' dixerunt. . . . Nacvius —
nunc primulum
amasco.
6
Fronto, Epp., II, 2, vol. 1, p. 114 Haines : Litterae ad me
tuae . . . non satis proloqui possum ut animum meum gaudio
in altum sustulerint, desiderio flagrantissimo incitaverint,
postremo quod ait Naevius —
. . . animum amori capitali compleverint.
7-8
Festus, 354, 9 : ' Rutabulum ' est quo rustici in proruendo
ignepaniscoquendigratia <utuntur> . . . Naevius obscenam
viri partem describens —
Vel quae sperat se nupturam viridulo adolescentulo
ea licet senile tractet retritum rutabulum ?
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 374, IK: ' Aio.' . . . Dictum est
ai, ut Naevius alicubi —
An nata est sponsa praegnans ? Vel ai vel nega !
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., II, 494, 15; 541, 21 K.
10
Festus, 410, 24 : ' Sonticum morbum ' in XII significare ait
Stilo certum cum iusta causa, quern non nulli putant esse qui
noceat, quod sontes significat nocentes. Naevius ait —
Sonticam esse oportet causam quam ob rem perdas
mulierem.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 411, 4.
Diomed. 343 : Naevius Mon. Nevios Par. 7493-4
^ <ut> animum Bergk compleverunt cd.
Fest. 354 : gratia Novius in Pico. . . . Navius obscenam
cd. Naevius vulg. Novius Augustin.
' viridulo Ribb. diviti coni. Buecheler (virginem olim
co7ti. Ribb.) nuptuiri coTji. Linds. viTicd.(natumex priore
vocab. viri) adolescentulo Ursin. adulescentulos cd.
140
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
4-5
The ' love-interest ' :
Diomedes : The old writers used ' amasco ' as the inchoative
form of amo. . . . Naevius — "
Now for the first time I begin to love.
6
Marcus Aurelius to Fronto : I cannot express sufficiently
the height of joy to which your letter addressed to me , . .
raised my spirits, stirred them to a most ardent longing, and
finally, as Naevius puts it — ■ *
filled my heart full with deadly love.
7-8
Festus : ' Rutabulum ' is a tool which peasants use in poking
up a fire for baking bread. . . . Naevius, describing the
unseemly part of a man —
Again, she who hopes to marry a green young lad,
is she to be allowed to handle an old dotard^ worn-
down poker ? '"
9
Diomedes : ' Aio.' The imperative ' ai ' was used, for
example Naevius somewhere —
Is my daughter a bride with child ? Say yes or no !
10
Festus : ' Sonticus morbus ' occurs in the Twelve Tables ;
said by Aelius Stilo to be ' a certified illness with a reasonable
cause.' Some think it means an illness which ' harms,'
because ' sontes ' is a term applied to doers of harm. Naevius
you ought to have a serious cause for ruining a
woman.
" The phrase suggests a comedy ; but the fr. is one of those
which may belong to Novius.
^ See preceding note.
141
NAEVIUS
11-12
Varro, L.L., VII, 70 : ' Praefica ' dicta, ut Aurclius scribit,
mulier ad luctum quae conduceretur . . . quibus testi-
monium est t quod fretum est t Naevii —
Haec quidem mehercle opinor praefica est, nam
mortuum
collaudat.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 280, 10.
13-14
Festus, 548, 3 : Antiqui ' tarn ' ctiam pro tamen usi sunt,
ut Naevius —
Quid si taceat ? Dum videat, tam sciat. . . .
quid scriptum sit.
15
Festus, 555, 6 : * Tintinnire ' est apud Naevium hoc modo —
Tantum ibi molae crepitum faciebant, tintinnabant
compedes.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 557, 1 (Tintinnire et tintinnabant Naevius).
16
Nonius, 200, 16: ' Collus ' masculine. . . .Naevius
t cor t —
Utrum scapulae plus an collus calli habeat nescio.
17
Thes. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, CI. AucL, VIII, 175 : ' Depuvire,'
verberare. Naevius —
. . . depuvit nie miseram ad necem.
Varr., VII, 70 : quod Freto inest Naevii Canal quod in
Freto e. N. ccyni. Schoell tritum est N. Buecheler
^^ mehercle i^a«Z. hercle Karro nam. Varro quae
sic Paid. quasi Hibb.
^^"* quod si Vat. 2549 quid si rdl. taceas Ribb.
quod scriptum Vat. 1549 quid rell. siet 13othe
142
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
11-12
Varro : ' Praefica.' According to Aurelius, a term applied
to a woman hired for the purpose of mourning. . . . Naevius
bears Avitness to this view in the words —
That woman, by god, is a leader of keeners, I
think ; she sings high praise of a man who's dead.
IS-M
Various fragments :
Festus : Archaic writers used ' tarn ' even in the sense of
' tamen,' for example, Naevius —
What if he says nothing? So long as he sees,
let him still know what has been written.
15
Festus : ' Tintinnire ' in a passage of Naevius occurs in the
following form, that is, ' tintinnare ' — •
So great was the clattering of millstones there,
and the jingling of fetters.
16
Nonius : ' Collus ' as a masculine form. . . . Naevius in f " —
I don't know whether shoulder-blades or neck
Have harder skin.
17
An anonymous compiler : ' Depuvire,' to lash. Naevius —
he 's wallopping me, poor girl, to death.
" Possibly in Corollaria (pp. 86-9) or Colax (pp. 82-5).
N(yn. 200 : Naevius Colace cd. lun. fortasse Corollaria
Ribb.
^^ calli habeat C(ZfZ. h. c. Hermami (rcc^e .?) c<iam>
h. Pvibb.
143
NAEVIUS
18
Festus, 268, 26 : ' Persibus ' peracutum significare videtur.
. . . Naevius — -
et qui fuerit persibus f carpenti adstratio.t
19
Paulus, ex F., 8, 10 : ' Apluda ' est genus minutissimae
paleae frumenti sive panici, de qua Naevius —
Non hercle apluda est hodie quam tu nequior !
Cp. Thcs. Nov. LaL, ap. Mai, CI. Auct., VIII, 54.
20
Paulus, ex F., 21, 22 : ' Aleonem,' aleatorem. Naevius —
Pessimorum pessime audax ganeo lustro aleo !
Cp. Thes. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, CI. Auct., VIII, 30.
21
Thes. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, CI. A uct., VIII, 313 : ' Lustro.' . . .
ille qui vagus est et nihil agit nisi fora lustrat, unde Naevius
de quodam —
Vagus est et lustro.
22
Varro, L.L., VII, 53 : Apud Naevium —
Risi egomet mecum cassabundum ire ebrium ;
cassabundum a cadendo.
^8 et qui cd. ecqui edd. persibus S persicus cd.
carpenti adstratio cd. {fortasse * * adest ratio; sic Augustin.
cum argenti Ribb. captanda est riatio Dacien
carpenda e. r. Bothe oratio Ribb.
^* est hodie a. n. n. q. tu thes.
2^ vagus inquit est thes.
144
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
]8
Festus : ' Persibus ' seems to mean very sharp. . . .
Xaevius — •
and a man who will be very cute ° . . .
19
Paulus : ' Apluda ' is a kind of ver^' minute chaff from grain
or panic-grass. Xaevius speaks of it thus —
By god not even chaff's worth less than you
In these days !
20
Paulus : ' Aleonem ' for ' aleatorem ' : Naevius —
Blackest of utter blackguards, barefaced gorger !
You loafer, gambler !
21
An anonymous writer : ' Lustro.' . . . The man who is
a vagabond and does nothing but haunt, ' lustrat,' the public
places. Hence Naevius says of someone —
He's a vagabond and a loafer.
22
' Varro : In a passage of Naevius —
Laugh ? I should think I did to see him tottering
along drunk in my company ;
' cassabundum ' comes from ' cadere.' *
° The MS. has persicus carpenti adstratio, which is corrupt.
Festus elsewhere tells us that sibus means callidus, ' cunning ' ;
and that is all we know.
* It real!}' comes from cassare, a form of quassare ' to shake,'
•'waver.' ' Eisi . . . mecum^ — * I laughed with myself.'
145
VOL. II. L
NAEVIUS
23
Festus, 478, 11: ' Sandaracam ' . . . < colons genus >
quod GrRCci sandycem appellant . . . > Xaevius —
meru<(la sandaracino) ore
Cp. Paul., 479, 2.
24
Festus, 252, 1 : ' Petimina ' in humeris iumentorum
ulcera. . . . Eo nomine autem inter duos armos suis quod
est aut pectus solitum appellari testatur Naevius in descrip-
tione suillae quom ait —
. . . petimine porcino qui meruerat . . .
25-6
Fronto, Epp., II, 10, Vol. I, p. 138 Haines : At enim nunc
adfatim sunt, ut Naevius ait, —
qui et regum filiis
Unguis faveant at que adnutent aut subserviant.
27
Paulus, ex F., 83, 1 : ' Liberalia ' Liberi festa, quae apud
Graecos dicuntur Atovuata. Naevius —
Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus.
23 suppl. ex Paul. merula <mea Ribb.
2* porcino Dalecamp qui Piceno coni. Ribb. {coll. Mart.,
XIII, 35 Picenae . . . porcae) fortasse petimine | suis . . . f
piscino cd.
2^ qui et regum filiis, ut Naevius ait, linguis Marc.
*^ aut cd. et Mai <haut> animis Ribb. (aut
<animis> Buecheler)
2' loquemur edd. loquunur cdd.
146
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
23
Festus : * Sandaraca ' "... a colour of the kind which the
Greeks called odvSv^. Naevius —
a blackbird which has a yellow beak
24
Festus : ' Petimina,' sores on the shoulders of beasts of
burden. . . , But that this name was habitually applied also
to the breast or the space that lies between the two fore-
quarters of a pig is witnessed by Naevius, in a description of
pork, when he says ^ —
who had bought . . . with a hog's breast . . .
25-6
Marcus Aurelius to Fronto : But, you will say, in these days
there are even more than enough of men, in the words of
Naevius '^ —
. . . Who keep for sons
Of kings a kindly silence on their tongues,
And bow to them, or are their underhngs.
27
Paulus : ' Liberalia,' a festival of Liber which is called
AtovuCTia among the Greeks. Naevius —
At Libers Games we'll talk with tongues at
liberty.
" Here surely the yellow resin obtained from the arar tree
(Callitris quadrivalvis) of N.W. Africa and not the mineral
realgar which was called by the same name but gave a red
colour.
'' In the quotation which follows, piscino at any rate seems
to be corrupt; yet something about a fish's breast may well
have occurred in a comedy.
"^ Possibly in a tragedy.
147
l2
NAEVlUS
28-9
Varro, L.L., V, 153 : In circo primo unde mittuntur equi
nunc dicuntur carceres; Naevius oppidum appellat. . . .
Quod ad muri speciem pinnis turribusque carceres olim
fuerunt, scripsit poeta —
. . . Dictator ubi currum insidet,
pervehitur usque ad oppidum.
30a-c
Paulus, 40, 19, cum gloss. C.G.L., V, 521, 565: Naevius—
Cocus edit Neptunum Cererem
Et Venerem expertam Vulcanom Liberumque
absorbuit
pariter.
Significat per Cererem panem, per Neptunum pisces, per
Venerem holera.
Cp. Thes. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, CI. AiicL, VII, 131 (Ennius).
31
Paulus, ex F., 24, 35 : ' Bilbit ' factum est a similitudine
sonitus, qui fit in vase. Naevius —
bilbit amphora.
inquit.
Cp. Thcs. Nov. Lat., ap. Mai, CI. Auct., Vlli, 67.
32
Nonius, 207, 14 : ' Guttur ' neutri est generis . . . mascu-
lino . . . Naevius —
Ingurgitavit usque ad inium gutturem.
2^ currum cdd. curru Ribb. insidet Fleckeisen
insidit cdd. trib. ' Bell. Pun. Hermann qui saturn. constit.
3°*"° e. V. L. a. p. add. ex gloss.
148
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
28-9
Varro : At the entrance of the circus, from which the horses
are sent off, is the place now spoken of as ' carceres ' (the
barriers), while Xaevius calls it ' oppidum.' , . . The poet
wrote ' oppidum ' because the barriers at one time had
pinnacles and towers so as to look like a wall: —
When the dictator " takes his seat in the chariot,
he is driven as far as the barrier.
Eating andldr inking :
30a-c
Paulus : Says Xaevius —
The cook ate Neptune, Ceres, Venus too
That had known Vulcan/^ Liber too he swallowed,
All at one go.
By Ceres he means bread, by Xeptune fish, by Venus greens.
31
Paulus : ' Bilbit ' is a verb formed because of its likeness
to the sound which is made in a jar. Says Xaevius —
The bottle guggles.
32
Xonius : ' Guttur ' is of the neuter gender . . . masculine
... in Xaevius —
He gulped it in right to the back of his gullet.
" Possibly T. Manlius Torquatus, who was made dictator
comitiorum ludorumque jaciendorum causa in 208 e.g. ; or Q.
Ogulnius Gallus, who was made dictator Lalinarum feriarum
causa in 257, in which case the fr. may belong to The Punic
War ; but the metre does not appear to be Satiunian. Cf.
Cichor., R. St., 55-6. Possibly from a falnila togata. The
word op'pidum really means oh pedum (TreSov), ' on the ground.'
* Hephaestus, husband of Aphrodite (Venus).
149
NAEVIUS
(B) EX TRAGOEDIIS?
33
Cicero, Orai., 45, 152 : Nobis ne si cupiamus quidem distra-
here voces conceditur . . . Naevius ... —
quam numquam vobis Grai atque barbari
34
Festus, 424, 27 : ' iSummussi ' dicebantur murmuratores.
Naevius —
Odi summussos ; proinde aperte dice quid sit quod
times.
Cp. Paul., 425, 5.
35
Varro, L.L., VII, 92 : Apud Naevium —
circumvenire video ferme iniuria . . .
' ferme ' dicitur quod nunc ' fere.'
36
Servius auctus, ad Aen., IV, 267 : ' Exstruis ' a struice . . .
Naevius ... —
struix malorum
37
Hieronymus, ad Heliodor. Ep., 3 : Naevius poeta inquit —
pati necesse est multa mortales mala.
38
Paulus, ex F., 279, 4 : ' Partus ' et pro nascendo ponitur et
pro parato. Naevius — ■
Male parta male dilabuntur.
Cp. Plant., Poen., IV, 2, 22 male partum male disperit.
'3 Grai vel Graii cdd. (grati Abrinc. graia Flor.) Graieis
Ritschl
3* odi, inquit, Paid., Fest. quod add. S
^^ circum Par. b. ciccum rell. eccum vulg.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
(B) FROM TRAGEDIES?
33
Cicero : We do not allow ourselves to leave a hiatus even
if we wish . . . Naevius ... —
which never to you have Greeks and foreigners
34
Festus : ' Summussi ' is a term which was used for
murmurers. Naevius —
Mumblers I hate ; so plainly speak your fear.
35
Varro : In a passage of Naevius —
I see it commonly besets ° unjustly . . .
* ferme ' is a form used for ' fere ' of modem usage,
36
Servius augmented, on ' exstruis ' in Virgil : ' Exstruis ' is
from ' struix.' . . . Naevius ... —
a heap of evils
37
Jerome : Says Naevius the poet —
many evils must mortals bear.
38
Paulus : ' Partus ' is put both for a birth and for ' pro-
cured.' Naevius^
Ill-gotten gain is ill spent.
" I read circumvenire (circumvent, cheat ?), but the meaning
of the whole phrase is not clear; eccum venire may be right
but is hardly less obscure.
3^ male male p. delabuntur cdd, (m. m. p. m. delabuntur
Escorial),
NAEVIUS
39
Isidorus, Orig., V, 26, 17 : ' Inter ' pro ' e ' . . .
Naevius —
mare interbibere.
40
Isidorus, Orig., XIV, 8, 27 : ' Confrages ' loca, in quibus
undique venti concumint ac sese frangunt, ut Naevius ait —
<^confrages) ... in montes ubi venti frangebant
locum.
Cp. Schol. ad Luean., VI, 126 (confraga sunt loca . . . ).
41
Festus, 176, 18 : ' Numero ' . . . (178, 4) apud Xaevium —
Neminem vidi qui numero sciret quicquid scito opust.
VARIA
SATURA
1
Festus, 340, 25 : ' Quianara ' pro quare et cur . . . apud
. . . Naevium ... in Satyra —
Quianam Saturnium populum pepulisti ?
*" confrages om. Isid., schol. in montes <con{ragos>
Ribb. qui reliqua secliid. locum om. schol.
*^ quicquid Buecheler qui quod erf. scito S scitu
Maehly scit cd. opust S id est opus cd.
VARIOUS
39
Isidore : '
Inter ' for
' e ' . . . Naevius
to drink
up the sea.
40
Isidore : ' Confrages ' " are places towards which winds rush
together from all quarters and break, ' frangunt,' themselves,
as Naevius puts it — ■
To wind-bruised places and to mountains where
The gales did break and bruise the landscape.
41
Festus : ' Xumero ' ... in a passage of Naevius —
I've seen no one who knew in its full number
All that a man need know.
VARIOUS
A MEDLEY
Festus ; ' Quianam ' is put for ' quare ' and ' cur ' ... in
a passage of Naevius ... in ^4 Medley — *
For why then did you rout Saturn's people ?
° The more correct form was probably ' conflages ' (Paul.,
ex F., 28, 25). I supply confrages, but otherwise give the
quotation from Naevius just as it is found in both Isidore and
the Scholiast on Lucan, VI, 126 (the Schol. omits locum also);
both quote from the same source.
* Nothing is known of this work; nor is the metre of the
quotation certain.
^S3
NAEVIUS
CUM METELLIS ALTERCATIO
Pseudo-Ascon., ad Cic, Verr., I, 10, 29 : Dictum facete et
contiimeliose in ^Ictellos antiquum Naevii est —
Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules.
Cui tunc Metellus consul iratus versu responderat senario
hypercatalectico qui et Saturnius dieitur : ' Dabunt malum
Metelli Naevio poetae.'
Cp. Caes. Bass., ap. G.L., VI, 266, 5 .^. K; Terent. Maur.,
ap. G.L., VI, 400, 2515 s.; Mar. Plotin., ap. VI, 531, 17; Mar.
Victor., ap. VI, 139, 19; Atil, Fortunat., ap. VI, 294, 4.
NAEVI EPIGRAMMA
3-6
Gellius, I, 24, 2 : Epigramma Naevi plenum superbiae
Campanae, quod testimonium esse iustum potuisset nisi ab
ipso dictum esset —
Immortales mortales si foret fas flere
flerent divae Camenae Naevium poetam.
Itaque postquamst Orchi traditus thesauro,
obliti sunt Romae loquier lingua latina.
2 fiunt consules cdd. consules fiunt Mr.
* Camenae cdd. Casmenae Mr.
^ Orchi cd. Baslid. orcho rell.
^ obliti s. R. 1. 1. 1. C(Z(Z. oblitae Brachmann o.R. loquier
s. latina lingua alii Latina loquier 1. Brachmann
" Especially Q. Caecilius Metellus, consul in 206. Naevius'
quarrel in the end caused his exile to Utica where he died.
154
VARIOUS
QUARREL WITH THE METELLI
2
Pseudo-Asconius : There is an old remark, witty and
spiteful, made by Naevius against the Metelli — "
It's fate that makes Metelli consuls at Rome.
^Yhereupon the consul Metellus answered him angrily in
the hypercatalectic six-footed line which is also called
' Satumian ' — ' The Metelli will make the poet Naevius rue it.'
NAEVIUS' EPITAPH
3-6
Gellius : There is Naevius' memorial inscription, full of
Campanian haughtiness; it might well have been a truthful
estimate of the man if it had not been written by himself — *
If it were right for the immortal ones
To mourn for mortals,
Then for the poet Naevius would mourn
The Goddesses of Song.
And so when unto Death's own treasure-house
He was delivered,
Romans no longer did remember how
To speak the Latin tongue.
Cf. Fraenkel, in Paulys Eeal-EncycL, Suppl.-B. VI, 623.
Some doubt the genuineness of these lines.
^ Some doubt this — C. Thulin, Ifal. Satir. Poes. u. Prosa,
34; M. Richter, Comjn. Phil. Jenens., XI, 2, 6; cf. W. Brach-
mann, ' Die Grabschrift des Naevius,' in Philol. Woch., 1922,
1126; and in Trails, and Proc. Amer. Phil. Assoc, XXV,
150 ff.
PACUVIUS
TRAGOEDIAE
ANTIOPA
Pacuvius' model was Euripides' 'Avtiottt], and Cicero implies
{de Fin., I. 2, 4) that Pacuvius translated Euripides 'word for
word.' There was a chorus of Theban elders, and the scene was
apparently Thebes.
Hyginus, Fab., 8 : Eadem Euripidis, quam scribit
Pacuvius.
Hyginus, Fah., 8 : Nyctei regis in Boeotia fuit filia Antiopa.
Eius formae bonitate luppiter adductus gravidam fecit ; quam
pater cum punire vellet propter stuprum, minitans periculum
Antiopa effugit. Casu in eodem loco quo ilia pervenerat
Epopeus Sicyonius stabat; is mulierem advectam domum
matrimonio suo iunxit. Id Nycteus aegre fcrens, cum more-
retur, Lyco fratri suo per obtestationem mandat, cui tum
regnum relinquebat, ne impune Antiopa ferret. Huius post
mortem Lycus Sicyonem venit. Interfecto Epopeo Antiopam
vinctam abduxit. In Cithaerone parit geminos et relinquit.
1
Probus, ad Verg., EcL, II, 23 s. : Amphioncm ct Zethum
Euripides, et apud nos Pacuvius —
lovis ex Antiopa Nyctei
ait natos. Amphioncm autem cantando potuisse armenta
vocare testantur Thebae.
Uygin., Fab., 8 init. : Pacuvius Hartung Ennius Hygin.
^ aenar. I. e. A. N. <nati duo> constit. Buecheler
158
TRAGEDIES
ANTIOPA
Hyginus takes his second version of the story of Antiopa
from the prologue and action of Pacuvius' play; hence I
have woven Hyginus' outline into the texture of the fragments.
Cf. R., 281 ff.
Hyginus (on the story of Antiopa) : The plot of Euripides'
play is the same, and is one of which Pacuvius treats.
From the prologue :
Hyginus : Xycteus a king in Boeotia had a daughter
Antiopa. Jupiter, attracted by the beauty of her person,
made her hea\'y with chOd. When her father would have
punished her for her disgrace, Antiopa fled from the danger
which threatened her. It happened that Epopeus of Sicyon
was standing at a place whither she too had come; he con-
veyed the woman home and united her to himself in marriage.
Nycteus bore this ill, and on his deathbed made a solemn
agreement with Lycus his brother, to whom he at that hour
was bequeathing his kingdom, entrusting to him the task of
preventing Antiopa from going unpunished. After Nycteus'
death Lycus went to Sicyon. He killed Epopeus and took
Antiopa away in bonds. On Cithaeron she gave birth to
twin boys and deserted them.
Probus : Euripides, together with our own poet Pacuvius,
says that Amphion and Zethus were —
Sons of Jupiter by Antiope, Nycteus' daughter;
and that Amphion could by his singing call his cattle to him
Thebes is a witness.
Prob., ad Ed. : Post natos Amphionem autem add, Keil
159
PACLlVIUS
Hygin., Fah., 8 : Quos pastor cducavit, Zetum et Amphionem
nominavit.
Auctor, ad Herenn., II, 27, 43 : Item verendum est, ne de
alia re dicatur cum alia de re controversia sit . . . uti apud
Pacuvium Zethus cum Amphione, quorum controversia de
musica inducta est, disputationem in sapientiae rationem et
virtutis utilitatem consumit.
2
Nonius, 190, 23: ' Armenta ' . . . feminino. . . . Pacu-
vius —
Ampkio
Tu cornifrontes pascere armentas soles.
Cf. Serv. auct., ad Aen., Ill, 540.
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 345, 2 : ' Ineo, inis ' et ' inito '
dicimus, ut JPacuvius in Antiopa —
Loca horrida initas.
4-6
Cicero, de Div., I J, 64, 133 : Pacuvianus Amphio —
Quadrupes tardigrada agrestis humilis aspera
capite brevi, cervice anguina, aspectu truci,
eviscerata inanima cum animali sono.
- tu curvifrontes p. a. s. Serv. auct. t. p. cornifrontes
8. a. Noil. trib. ' .4??/.' Welcker
^ capite brevi cdd. brevi c. Ribb.
i6o
PLAYS
Hyginus : These boys a shepherd brought up, and named
Zethus " and Amphion.
Controversy between the twins on music and wisdom :
The author of ' To Herennius ' : Again we must fight shy of
talking about a matter which is irrelevant to the subject of
controversy . , . like the case of Zethus and Amphion in a play
of Pacuvius ; between them it was a controversy about music
which the poet staged, yet Zethus takes up all the dispute
with thoughts on the theorj' of wisdom arid the utility of
virtue.
2
Nonius : ' Armenta ' ... in the feminine. . . . Pacuvius —
Amphion ^
You re wont to pasture cattle horny-browed.
3
Diomedes : For ' ineo, inis ' we also use the term ' inito,
for example, Pacuvius in Antiopa —
Oft go you into places rough and rude.
4-6
Amphion offers the chorus a riddle {solution on p. 163) ;
Cicero : Amphion in Pacuvius says —
Four-footed this, slow-stepping, haunting fields ;
Low set and rude, and grim to gaze on, short
In head, snaky in neck, and disembowelled,
Without breath, yet with breathing sound
endowed.
« Priscianus, in G.L., IT, .30, 21, and Martianus Capella,
II] , 2.37 show that Pacuvius wrote the form Setus. Cf. R., 285.
'" The words at any rate suit this play and the character of
Amphion; R., 286.
l6l
VOL. II. M
PACUVIUS
7-10
Nonius, 170, 12 : ' Saeptuose,' obscure. Pacuvius Antiopa —
Chorus
Ita saeptuose dictio abs tete datur
quod coniectura sapiens aegre contuit.
Cicero, I.e. : Cum dixisset obscurius, turn astici respondent —
Non intelligimus, nisi si aperte dixeris.
At ille uno verbo —
Ampkio
Testudo.
Non poteras hoc igitur a principio, citharista, dicere ?
Cf. Soph., Ichn., 292-305 {Oxyrh. Pap. IX, 55-6).
Eur., Ant., 184 N fiovadv nv' aroTrov ei'aayet? a.avfJi(f)opov, \
dpyov, (J>l\oivov, xpfJt^diTOJv dTrjfJieXi].
Cicero, de Inv., I, 50, 94 : Amphion apud Euripidem, [item
apud Pacuvium], . . . vituperata musica sapientiam laudat.
Eur., Alex. (?) 62 N /xtaa> oo^ov \ 6vt' iv Xoyoiaiv, is S'
ovrjaiv ov ao<f>6v.
Cicero, de Oral., II, 37, 155 : Miror cur philosophiae sicut
Zcthus ille Pacuvianus prope bellum indixeris. Cicero, de
Ii( p., I, 18, 30 Atquc idem. . . . Zethum ilium Pacuvii nimis
inimicum doctrinae esse dicebat.
Non., 170 : Pacuvius Scriverius Livius odd.
' saeptuose cdd. saeptuosa Ribb. dictione Ribb.
dictio cdd. tete Lips te cdd.
Cic, de div. : astici Orelli Attice Bothe alii alia
attici, artici, acciti cdd.
162
PLAYS
7-10
Nonius : ' Saeptuose,' obscurely. Pacuvius in Antiopa —
Chorus
Enclosed in such a barricade of words
Is this your riddle made ; and even a guess
Wise and prophetic scarcely can perceive it.
Cicero continues : When his words were thus too obscure,
then the townsmen " reply —
We do not understand, unless you speak
Your meaning openly.
Then Amphion in one word —
Amphion
Shellback.^
Well then, my dear harpist, couldn't you have said that in
the beginning ?
Controversy continued :
Cicero : Amphion in a play of Euripides [and also of Pacu-
vius] . . . disparages music and then praises wisdom/
Cicero : I wonder why it was that like the famous Zethus in
Pacuvius you declared war, one might almost say, on philo-
sophy ; and elsewhere : And he also . . . used to say that
your Zethus in Pacuvius was more unfriendly towards learning
than a man should be.
* The right reading, however, may be Attici; cf. Pease,
ed. Cic. de Div., p. 561. Zillinger, Cic. u. d. Altrom. Dichter,
125, n. 3 would put lines 7-8 after line 9, and he may be right.
*• Pun on testudo, a tortoise, and testudo, a harp.
'' Cp. Rhet., ad Herenn., II, 27, 43, and Hor., Epp., I, 18,
39fif.
163
PACUVIUS
11
Gellius, XIII, 8, 4 : Item versus est in eandem ferine sentcn-
tiam Pacuvi ... —
Seius
Odi ego homines ignava opera et philosopha sen-
teiitia.
Hyginus, Fah., 8 : Antiopa Dircae uxori Lyci data erat in
cruciatum. Ea occasionem nacta fugae se mandavit; devenit
ad filios suos.
12
Nonius, 139, 22 : ' Minitabiliter ' pro ' minaciter ' . . . —
Antiopa
minitabiliterque increpare dictis saevis incipit.
13-14
Persius, I, 77 : Sunt quos Pacuviusque et verrucosa moretur
Antiopa aerumnis ' cor luctificabile ' fulta.
Schol. ad 77 : Antiopam verrucosam Persius dicit quae
apud Dircen in squalore fuit servitio oppressa, sic —
illuvie corporis
et coma prolixa impexa conglomerata atque horrida.
Hyginus, Fob., 8 : Ex quibus Zctus existimans fugitivam
noil rccepit.
^^ Irih. ' AnlJ' Valckcnacr
"-1* trib. Fac. ' A,u: Jahn sic irib. Fac. Mr.
164
PLAYS
11
Gellius : There is also a line " of Pacuvius expressing
roughly the same sense ... —
Zethus
I hate all men engaged in \\icked works
And sermons philosophical.
Return of Antiopa to her sons' birthplace ; she tells her pitiful
tale :
Hyginus : Antiopa had been delivered to Dirce, Lycus'
wife, to be tortured ; but she, having gained an opportunity,
betook herself to flight, and reached the place where her two
sons were.
12
She tells of threats {of Nycteus, Lycus, or Dirce ?) :
Nonius : ' Minitabiliter ' for ' minaciter ' . . . —
Antiopa
And threateningly he began to noise
At me ^\ith savage jibes.
13-14
Persius : There are some who may dally over Pacuvius and
his warty Antiopa, whose ' dolorifi cable heart ' * was stayed
on her troubles.
A scholiast on this passage : By ' warty Antiopa ' Persius
means her who was afflicted by slavery and squalor in Dirce's
palace, thus —
In filthiness of body, ^vith my hair
Unkempt and matted, flowing long and shaggy.
She is not recognised by Zethus :
Hj^ginus : Of her sons Zethus, thinking she was a runaway
slave, refused to receive her.
" Probably from Antiopa; Valckenaer, Diairib., 77; R.,
287.
^ The phrase looks like a quotation from Pacuvius; it may
belong to a later dialogue between Antiopa and her two sons.
165
PACUVIUS
15
Nonius, 73, 8 : ' Amolimini ' est recedite ... —
Setus
Nonne vos hinc propere a stabulis amolimini ?
16-17
Hyginus, Fah., 8 : In eundem locum Dirce per bacchationem
Liberi tunc delata est.
Servius auct., ad Aen., XII, 605 (' flavos Lavinia crines ') :
Antiqua lectio ' fioros ' habuit, id est florulentos, pulchros ;
et est sermo Ennianus. . . . Pacuvius Antiopa —
Dirce
cervicum
floros dispendite crines.
18-20
Hyginus, Fah., 8 : Ibi Antiopam repertam ad mortem
extrahebat.
Marius Victorinus, ap. G.L., VII, 77, 2 : Anapaesticum
melos binis pedibus amat sensum includere, ut apud Accium.
. . . Contra Pacuvius . . . noluit intra binos pedes . . .
finire sensum, sed secundum Euripidem dactylicum metrum
quod ajipellatur induxit . . . huiusmodi stasimo seu periodo
usus —
Agite ite evolvite rapite, coma
tractate per aspera saxa et humum ;
scindite vestem ocius !
Hyginus, Fah., 8 : Sed ab educatore pastore adulescentes
certiores facti earn esse matrem suam, celeritcr consecuti
matrem eripuerunt.
^' dispendite Ribb. dispergite Delrio disperdite
Serv.
18-20 frijy ' ^„y ' Hartung
t66
PLAYS
15
Zethus chases " Antiopa and the elders from the stalls :
Nonius : ' Amolimini ' (get you gone) means draw back
Zethus
What ? Get you gone quickly from the stalls !
Away !
16-17
Dirce comes loith a crowd of Maenads : ^
Hyginus : Then Dirce also, in a frenzy of Bacchic celebra-
tions of Liber, was brought to this same place.
An augmenter of Servius, on ' Lavinia her golden tresses.'
in Virgil : An old reading had ' floros,' that is, flower- like,
beautiful; it is, moreover, an Ennian usage. . . . Pacuvius in
Antiopa — ■
Dirce
Let loose the flower-like tresses of your necks.
18-20
Dirce finds and seizes Antiopa :
Hyginus : There she discovered Antiopa and set about
dragging her away to death.
Marius Victorinus : The anapaestic song usually completes
any idea in two feet, in the works of Accius, for example. . . .
But Pacuvius . . . did not choose to finish an idea within two
feet, but after the example of Euripides introduced what is
called dactylic metre, . . . and used the following kind of
' choral song ' or ' period ' —
Come you all ! Move along ! Seize her, roll her
out ! Haul her by the hair along the ground and
over the rough rocks. Rend her garments, quickly!
Antiopa is rescued :
Hyginus : But the youths, informed by the shepherd who
brought them up that she was their mother, quickly overtook
them and rescued their mother,
« Cp. Prop., IV (III), 15, 29; 30.
* Who formed a ' parachoregema ' or subordinate chorus in
this play.
167
PACUVIUS
21
Nonius, 238, 5 : ' Attendere ' eat intendere ... —
Sed cum animum adtendi ad quaerendum quid siet.
Cf. Eur., .4w/., 218N?
22
Nonius, 64, 29 : ' Propages ' est series et adfixio continue
vel longe ducta ... —
Aiiiiopa
Salvete gemini, mea propages sanguinis !
23
Eur., Ant., 20 N <j>pova> S' a rrdox^J Kal t68' ov aynKpov
KaKOV. Cf. 203.
Nonius, 447, 14 : ' Frendere ' alicubi cum gemitu vel
iracundia misenim aut minax sonare ... —
frendere noetes misera quas perpessa sum.
24
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 101, 17 : ' Insomnia ' . . . volunt
grammatici . . . singulari . . . numero vigiliam significare,
ut Pacuvius in Antiopa dixit —
. . . perdita inluvie atque insomnia,
25
Nonius, 447, 14 : ' Frendere ' . . . —
. . . fruges frendo sola saxi robore.
2^ animum lun. anirao cdd.
i68
PLAYS
21
The brothers are about to hear the shepherd :
Nonius : ' Attendere ' means ' intendere ' . . . —
But when I have bent
My thoughts to seeking what the matter means,
22
Antiopa greets her sons :
Nonius : ' Propages ' is a connected series drawn out
without a break, or at great length ... —
Antiopa
Good day, dear twin boys, prolongation of my
blood!
23
She tells them her story : her captivity :
Nonius : ' Frendere ' (to gnash, grind) in some passages
means to make a sound of pity with a groan, or a threatening
sound with anger ... —
To grind my teeth at nights which I endured
In misery.
24
Charisius : Insomnia. . . . The grammarians would have
it that this word . . . used as a noun in the singular number
means wakefulness, as Pacuvius uses it in Antiopa —
forlorn in dirt and sleeplessness,
25
How she lived after her escape :
Nonius : ' Frendere ' . . . —
Alone I ground the grain with hard strong stones.
169
PACUVIUS
26
V^arro, R.R., I, 2, 5 : En ibi tu quicquam nasci putas posse
aiit coli natum ? Verum enim est illud Pacuvii —
sol si perpetuo siet.
27
Festus, 532, 27 : ' Torrens ' participialiter pro exurens
ponitur, ut est apud Paeuvium in Antiopa —
flammeo vapore torrens terrae fetum exusserit.
28
Varro, I.e. : aut nox, flammeo vapore aut frigore terrae
fructus omnes interire. Id., L.L., \'I, 6 : ' Nox.' . . . ut
Pacuvius ait —
omnia nocti ni interveniat sol pruina obriguerint.
Quod nocet nox.
Cp. Suet, ap Isidor., de N.R., 44, 74; Orig., XIII, 21.
Hyginus, Fab., 8 : Dircen ad taurum crinibus religatam
necant. Lycum cum occidere vellent, vetuit eos Mercurius
et simul iussit Lycum concedere regnum Amphioni.
28 siet Bothe sit Varro
Varro, VI, 6 : Pacuvius S Catullus cdd.
28 omnia nisi i. s. p. o. Varro nocti ni interveniat,
fructus per pruinam obriguerint Ribb. sec. S
170
PLAYS
26
Unplaced fragments : "
Varro, speaking of the arctic regions : Listen, do you think
that anything can germinate there, or that it can be matured
if it does germinate ? Surely not, for that saying of Pacuvius
is true —
. . . Should there be for ever sunshine,
27
Festus : ' Torrens.' A participial form put for ' burning
up,' as we find in a passage of Pacuvius in Antiopa —
With flaming steam it would burn up and scorch
The earth's fat brood.
28
Varro goes on : Or if it were always night, all the fruits
of the earth perish through flaming steam or cold. But Varro
apparently comes nearer to Pacuvius^ ivords in the following —
' Night.' ... As Pacuvius says, — *
Unless the sun broke in upon the night
All things with frost would stiffen dead.
That which is ' noxious ' is ' nox.'
Fate of Dirce ; conclusion :
Hyginus : Dirce they tied by her hair to a bull and so
murdered her. But when they had a mind to kill Lycus too.
Mercury '^ forbade them, but at the same time ordered Lycus
to yield his kingdom to Amphion.
<* Sometimes assigned to the controversy between the
brothers— R., 289.
* Whether the next words of Varro are really a direct
quotation from Pacuvius is unknown, but it is likelj'.
'^ Represented on the stage as deus ex machina or ex pegmate.
171
PACUVIUS
ARMORUM lUDICIUM
Based chiefly on Aeschylus' "OnXcov Kplmg, with certain
points perhaps taken from Arctinus. The plot extends from
the funeral games held at the grave of Achilles to the death
of Ajax and the question of his burial. In order to decide
who should receive the arms of Achilles, Agamemnon held a
contest and on the advice of Athena awarded the prize to
Ulysses. Ajax was so deeply mortified that he became mad,
29
Nonius, 475, 18 : ' Paenitebunt.' Pacuvius in Armorum
ludicio prolog© —
nunc paenitebunt liberi grato ex loco.
30
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 195, 1: ' Abhinc' Pacuvius in
Armorum ludicio —
Agamemno
. . . seque ad ludos lam inde abhinc exerceant.
31
Nonius, 415, 28 : ' Vesci ' . . . —
Qui viget, vescatur armis, id percipiat praemium.
Non., 475 : paenitebunt Quich, -bant (-bat) cdd.
prologo nunc cdd. proloqui non G. Hermann paenite-
bunt libunt libere cdd. secliid. libunt Hermann grato cdd.
ingrato Hermann libere i. Mr.
^" seseque Hermann
^^ id vulg. it vd ut cdd, et coni. Ribb.
172
PLAYS
THE AWARD OF THE ARMS
and during the night, left his tent, and slaughtered numbers
of sheep that belonged to the Greeks, believing them to be
his enemies. When he awoke next morning and saw what
he had done, he slew himself with the sword which Hector
had once given him.
It appears from the fragments that Pacuvius made the
contest for the arms the main part of the play. Cf. R., 218 flE.
29
From the prologue :
Nonius : ' Paenitebunt.' Pacuvius in The Award 0/ the
Arms, in the prologue — "
As free men, in that glad estate of theirs.
They'll now be sorry.
30
Agamemnon makes proclamation of games ; the prize to be
Achilles^ armour :
Charisius : ' Abhinc' Pacuvius in The Award of the
Aryns —
Agamemnon
. . . And from this very moment
Let them now train their bodies for the sports.
31
Nonius : ' Vesci ' . . . —
He who has strength may take his fill of weapoi» ;
Those let him win as prize.
°- Readings and meaning doubtful; the reading prologo is
doubtful becaust; it is not Nonius' custom to mention pro-
logues of plays when he quotes from them.
173
PACUVIUS
32
Nonius, 473, 13 : ' Certatur ' pro certat ... —
Aiax
An quis est qui te esse dignum quicum certetur
putet ?
33
Festus, 386, 2 : ' Reapse ' est reipsa ... —
... si non est ingratum reapse quod feci bene.
Cp. Paul, 387, 1.
34-5
Festus, 390, 18 : ' <Reses et residuus dicitur ignavus, quia>
residet. Accius ***** Pacuvius in Arm<orumIudicio> —
tuque te
desider^e residem . . . ) nos hie esse ma<^ . . .
36
Nonius, 507, 24 : ' Moneris ' pro monueris ... —
Agamem?io
. . . Die quid faciam; quod me moneris efFectum
dabo.
^*~^ varia docti
•• die me quid faciam vel dice quid vis faciam coni. Ribb.
" Cp. Ov., Met., XIII, 5 S. R., 218-19.
^ Or, ' if it is not a thankless thing in the very fact that I
have done well.' Cp. Ov., Met., XII, 13-14.
174
PLAYS
32
Ajax refuses the conditions and scorns Ulysses as a com-
petitor : "
Nonius : ' Certatur ' for ' certat ' . . . —
Aja.v
And is there any one could deem you worthy
To be a man with whom he might compete ?
33
Ajax claims that he has already earned the arms in ivarfare :
Festus : ' Reapse ' means ' reipsa ' . . . —
if the service I have rendered
Is not in very fact a thankless one.^
34-5
He jeers at Ulysses and how he shirked his duty by feigned
madness : '^
Festus : ' Reses ' and ' residuus ' are terms applied to a
dastard, because ' residet,' ' he sits and waits.' Accius
***** Pacuvius in The Aivard of the Arms — •
. . . For your part, you
Preferred to be a laggard and a lounger
Though we were here . . .
36
Agamemnon promises to follow Athena's ^ advice :
Nonius : ' Moneris ' for ' monueris ' . . . —
Agamemnon
Tell me what I should do ; I'll give effect
To that which you advise.
' Ov., Met., XIII, 7, 9, 36 fE.
•^ See next note. Athena's answer was apparently an order
to set up a special court.
175
PACUVIUS
37-8
Nonius, 261, 13 : ' Cernere,' iudicare ... —
. . . Et aecum et rectum est quod tu postulas;
iurati cernant.
39-40
Nonius, 89, 5 : ' Causari,' causam dicere vel defendere . .
. . . qui sese adfines esse ad causandum volunt
de virtute is ego cernundi do potestatem omnibus.
41
Cicero, Oral., 46, 155 : At ille alter in Chryse. . . . Nee
enim dixerim tarn libenter ' armum iudicium ' etsi est apud
eundem —
, . . Nihilne ad te de iudicio armum accidit ?
42
Nonius, 126, 18 : ' Inaudire,' audire ... —
Quod ego inaudivi aceipite et quid sit facto opus
decernite.
'' tu add. Mr. <id> quod p. Onions <hoc>
q. p. Hermann <Nestor> quod coni. Ribb.
*^ trib. ' Arm. Jud.'' Ribb. ' Teuc' Piderit
<* Ril>bcck, 220, takes these to be a jury of Trojan prisoners
appointed at Nestor's sugc^cstion to make the decision. He
thus makes the preceding fr. a request to Nestor for advice.
176
PLAYS
37-8
Nonius : ' Cernere,' to judge ... —
What you request is fair and righteous ;
Let them " be sworn and judge.
39-40
Agamemnon permits ' legal advisers ' :
Nonius : ' Causari,' to plead or defend a cause ... —
To all who wish to be associates
Li pleading a man's cause — I give them all
The rightful power to make due trial of merit.
41
A request to a messenger (?) for news about the trial :
Cicero : But that other famous poet in Chryses has . . .
(see pp. 200-1). Nor would I be so willing to say ' armum
indicium,' although armum occurs in a passage '' of that same
author, thus —
Has no news come to your ears touching the award
of the arms ?
42
From a messenger's reply ? :
Nonius : ' Inaudire,' to hear ... —
Take heed to what my ears have heard, and then
Decide what must be done.
* The attribution is probable, but the fr. might come from
Teucer (see pp. 286 ft.) and be spoken by Teucer to Telamon.
177
VOL. II. N
PACUMUS
43-4
Festus, 534, 22 : ' Torvitas ' a ferocia taurorum dicta est.
Pacuvius in Armorura ludicio —
. . . feroci ingenio, torvus, praegrandi gradu ;
et—
cum recorder eius ferocem et torvam confidentiam.
45
Suetonius, Div. I id., 84 : Inter ludos cantata sunt quaedam
ad miserationem et invidiam caedis eius accommodata ex
Pacuvi Armorum ludicio —
Aiax
. , . men servasse ut essent qui me perderent ?
Cp. App., Bell. Civ., II, 146; Cic, Phil., II, 3, 5.
46
Nonius, 246, 3 : ' Adtollere,' adferre ... —
(A) Pro imperio agendum est. (B) Quis vetat quin
adtolat ?
Cf. Soph., At., 1047 s.
47-8
Nonius, 123, 33 : ' Icit ' significat percutit, ab ictu ... —
Nam canis, quando est percussa lapide, non tam
ilium adpetit
qui sesc icit, quam ilium eumpse lapidem, qui ipsa
icta est, petit.
*® quin Linds. quineRibb. quisnecfM. attolat
Buecheler attollat odd. qui vetat | ne quis attollat G.
Hermann ne quis attollat veta Grotius (veto Vossius)
Jorla-sae attolas
•*^ sese Vossius sed Ritschl ses Lu.\ se G.
eumpse Vossius eumpsum coni. Linds. eum ipsum
cdd. se icit quam illunc eumpse G. Hermann
178
PLAYS
43-4
He describes the trial ; threatening behaviour of Ajax :
Festus : ' Torvitas ' is a term derived from the ferocity of
' tauri,' bulls. Pacuvius " in The Award oj the Arms — •
In temper grim, a bully ^ with big stride ;
and —
when I recall to mind
His grim and bullying arrogance.
45
From a speech made by Ajax before taking his own life :
Suetonius, on the funeral games in honour of Julius Caesar :
During the games some words, adapted from The Award of
the Arms of Pacuvius, were sung to music with the purpose
of inciting pity and loathing for his murder, thus —
Ajax
Ah ! Did I save those men that they might be
Men who would ruin me ?
46
Orders were given to deprive Ajax's corpse of funeral rites :
Nonius : ' Adtollere,' to bring to . . . —
(A) We must do according to command.
(B) Who is it forbids him ^ to bring up the corpse ?
47-8
Unplaced fragment :
Nonius : ' Icit ' means strikes, from ' ictus ' . . . —
For when a dog is struck by a stone, it attacks
not so much him who strikes it as that same stone
by which it was struck.
° The two frs. certainly come in the order given by Festus,
but the first may be a senarius and may thus not belong to
the messenger's part at all.
^ There is possibly a definite connexion between ' bully '
and ' bull ' ; but there is none between ' torvus ' and ' taurus.'
<^ Teucer.
179
n2
PACUVIUS
ATALANTA
Not much can be made of this play. The title of it and the
mention of Parthenopaeus in one of the fragments show that
the main theme is about Atalanta, daughter of lasius (lasus,
lasion) in Arcadia, whose son, by Meleager or by Meilanion
or by Ares, was exposed, and was reared by shepherds who
called him Parthenopaeus. He must have travelled in search
of his mother, but we have no details of the story. Apollo -
dorus. III, 9, 2, 5, tells how Atalanta was invited with her
parents, and was persuaded by her father to marry the winner
of a race. If Parthenopaeus took part in it (see lines 6S-9) and
won before he was recognised by his mother, then Atalanta
was put in the same position as Auge, daughter of Aieus of
Tegea. The troubles of Auge may well have formed a
49
Schol., ad Verg., G., I, IS : ' Tegeaee ' . . . Item Tegeaca
Arcadiae civitas, ut apud Pacuvium in Atalanta —
Tegeaea Arcadiae civitas
et reliqua.
50
Festus, 498, 18 : * Sexu ' . . . Pacuvius in Atalanta —
triplicem virili sexu partum procreat.
51
Nonius, 495, 6 : Accusativus numeri singularis positus pro
genetivo plurali . . . (495, 29) : Pacuvius Atalanta —
parentum incertum investigandum gratia.
" So I suggest. Contrast R., 313.
* Aieus had four sons in all.
l8o
PLAYS
ATALANTA
secondary and roughly parallel theme in Pacuvius' plot.
Auge's son by Hercules was exposed and reared by shepherds
who called him Telephus. Telephus went in search of his
mother, and in return for services rendered to Teuthras king
of Mysia, received the kingdom and a bride — Teuthras'
adopted daughter, who was Auge, exiled from her native land.
Auge, determined not to marry any man, tried to kill Telephus
in the marriage chamber, but was prevented by divine inter-
vention. When Telephus would have killed her, she called
on Hercules and blurted out the truth about Telephus,
who recognised his mother and took her home. Whether
Pacuvius' model was Aeschylus' 'AroAavxTy is unknown.
R., 310 ff.
49
Prologue, first liiie ? " Aleus, king of Tegea :
A scholiast on ' Tegeaee ' in Virgil : So also ' Tegeaean ' state
in Arcadia, for example in a passage of Pacuvius in Atalanta —
The Tegeaean state in Arcadia
and the rest.
50
Prologue ; Aleus' children, including Auge, mother of Tele-
phus, and lasus, father of Atalanta :
Festus : ' Sexu.' . . . Pacuvius in Atalanta —
Three ^ times she bore a child, in sex a boy.
51
Prologue ; Parthenopaeu^ is travelling in search of his
mother Atalanta, who had exposed him as a baby :
Nonius : The accusative " of the singular number put for the
genitive plural. . . . Pacuvius in Atalanta —
for the sake of tracing his parents whom he knew
not for sure.
<= In the fragment, incertum and investigandum are of course
genitives plural.
PACUVIUS
52-3
Nonius, 226, 29 : ' Stirpem ' . . . masculino. . . . Pacu-
vius Atalanta —
Partke?iopaeus
Dubito quam insistam viam
aut quod primordium capissam ad stirpem ex-
quirendum.
54
Nonius, 490, 10 : ' Itiner ' pro iter ... —
Dolet pigetque magis magisque me conatum hoc
nequiquam itiner.
55
Nonius, 262, 5 : ' Confidentia ' rursum temeritas, auda-
cia . . . —
Gradere atque atrocem coerce confidentiam.
56
Nonius, 116, 23 : ' Geminitudinem . . . —
Atalanta
Habeo ego istam qui distinguam inter vos gemini-
tudinem.
^^ confidentiam idem lib. inprobus e. q. s. Bern. 83 Gen.
Lu.l lib. X inprobus G idem < > idem lib. X
Gerlach vocabula inprobus c. q. s. trib. Lucil. D (I.)
idem : ' liber, inprobus Linds. qui trib. Pacuv.
182
PLAYS
52-3
Pathenopaeus is doubt Jul of his quest :
Nonius : ' Stirpem ' ... in the masculine. . . . Pacuvius
in Atalanta —
Parthenopaeus
I am in doubt
What road to tread, or what beginning seize
In seeking out my parentage.
54
He is discouraged :
Nonius : ' Itiner ' for ' iter ' . . . —
Sorrow and pain distress me more and more
That I attempted all in vain this journey.
55
Later {metre has changed) Parthenopaeus is impatient loith his
companion {Telephus " ?) :
Nonius : ' Confidentia ' also means rashness, boldness . . . —
Step on ! And check your wicked self-assurance ! ^
56
They meet Atalanta. She suspects that one of them is her
son :
Nonius : ' Geminitudineni ' (twinship) ... —
Atalanta
I know how I between you may distinguish
That twinship '^ which is yours.
" Telephus also went in search of his mother Auge who had
exposed him. Hygin., Fab., 99; R., 310-311.
^ Lindsay here assigns to Pacuvius the next clause in Nonius,
which I (with Marx) have assigned to Lucilius (see Remains of
Old Latin, Vol. III).
"^ geminitvdo may mean the likeness or the difference
between twins.
183
PACUVIUS
57-8
Nonius, 84, 31 : ' Cette ' significat dicite vel date, ab eo
quod cedo ... —
... is vestrorum uter sit cui signum datum est,
cette.
59
Festus, 572, fin. : ' Ungulus ' Oscorum lingua anulus ... —
Parthenopaeus
Suspensum in laevo bracchio ostendo unguium.
60
Nonius, 182, 1 ; ' Tristitas ' pro tristitia . . , —
Parthenopaeus
Quid istuc est ? Vultum alligat quae tristitas ?
61
Nonius, 159, 38 : ' Porcet ' significat prohibet ... —
Atalanta
Mi gnate, ut verear eloqui porcet pudor.
•'^ alligat quae lun. alligateque cdd. quae caligat
Bueeheler tristitas S tristities Bothe {item in lemm.)
tristitias cdd. {item in Icmm.)
184
PLAYS
57-8
She asks to see the bracelet which she had given to Pariheno-
paeus :
Nonius: ' Cette ' means 'tell' or 'give,' from the word
' cedo ' . . . —
Of you two which is he to whom was given
The token ? Tell me !
59
A little later {change of metre) ; Parthenopaeus shows the
token :
Festus : ' Ungulus ' in the Oscan tongue means a
ring . . .—
Parthenopaeus
The ring I show," there ! hung on my left arm.
60
Parthenopaeus to Atalanta, who shrinks from telling how he
became her son by Meleager (?) and was exposed :
Nonius : ' Tristitas ' for ' tristitia ' . . . —
Partke?iopaeus
What trouble's there ? What sadness knits your
brows ?
61
Atalanta is ashamed :
Nonius : ' Porcet ' (holds back) means prevents ... —
Atalanta
My son, shame holds me back so that I dread
To speak it out.
" We might read ostende and give the line to Atalanta.
^85
PACUVIUS
62-3
Nonius, 505, 16 : ' Expedibo ' pro expediam ... —
Atalanta
nam quod conabar, cum inter vent um est, dicere
nunc expedibo.
64-5
Nonius, 486, 1 : ' Parti ' et ' partuis ' pro partus ... —
Ubi ego me gravidam sentio adgravescere
propinquitate parti,
66
Nonius, 382, 5 : ' Rimari ' dicitur scrutari, quaerere ... —
Cum incultos pervestigans rimarem sinus,
67
Nonius, 429, 1 : Urbs est aedificia, civitas incolae ... —
Nuntius
Hie sollicita studio obstupida suspense animo civitas
«' hie Escorial. 1, Par. hil rell. (nihil G'.l ?) hiat Ribb.
nil lun. nunc Bothe suspense odd. siispensa
Maehly
" According to Apollodorus, III, 9, 2, Atalanta, having
found her own parents, agreed to marrj' the winner of a race.
If Parthenopaeus took part in it and won (but cf. lines 68-9),
i86
PLAYS
62-3
After some interruption :
Nonius : ' Expedibo ' for ' expediam ' . . . —
Atalanta
For now
I will disclose what I was trying to say-
When interruption came.
64-5
Atalanta tells of the birth of Parthenopaeus :
Nonius : ' Parti ' and ' partuis ' for ' partus ' . . . —
When I did feel me growing big and heavy
In near approach of childbirth,
66
She sought the loneliness of wild places :
Nonius : ' Rimari ' is a term used for to search carefully,
seek ... —
When I in thorough search did pry into untilled
hollows,
Traces of further scenes. (A) A race : "
67
Nonius : A town is the buildings, the state is the
inhabitants ... —
Messenger
And then the state, with minds all thrilled and
dazed,
Hanging in doubt and eagerness
Atalanta was in the same position as Auge with regard to
Telephus (see p. 181); and if such a situation came in this
play, it would come before the recognition of Parthenopaeus
by Atalanta. Cf. R., 314 ff.
187
PACUVIUS
68-9
Nonius, 65, 1: ' Praegradat,' antevenit; dictum a
gradu ... —
. . . extremum intra camterem ipsum praegradat
Parthenopaeum.
70
Nonius, 450, 25 : ' Abdicare ' . . . rem quamlibet negare
Mortem ostentant, regno expellunt, consanguineam
esse abdicant.
71
Nonius, 109, 24 : ' Famulitas ' . . . —
quas famulitas vis egestas fama formido pavor
72-3
Nonius, 257, 53 : ' Callet ' significat scit, hoc est calliditate,
quae est urbana scientia ... —
. . . Omnes, qui tamquam nos serviunt
sub regno, callent domiti imperia metuere.
Non., 65 : Atalanta lun. Tantalo cdd.
•8-9 Parthenopaeum praegradat Quich.
'2 <8evcro> serviunt Ribb.
'3 domiti imperium Onions domiti imperio Bothe
dominum imperia Mercier dominum imperium N. Faber
domitum imperio cdd. (imperium Bern. 83)
l88
PLAYS
68-9
Nonius : ' Praegradat ' (outpaces), comes before ; derived
from ' gradus ' (pace, step) ... —
About the farthest point within the bend
Even Parthenopaeus he outpaces.
(B) Auge and Telephus ?
70
Auge, tells how she had to flee after giving birth to Telephus by
Hercules ?
Nonius : ' Abdicare ' ... to deny (applied to anything
whatever) ... —
Death dangled they before me, from the realm
Thrust me, disclaimed that I was kindred blood.
71
Her hardships ? :
Nonius : ' Famulitas ' . . . —
Women ^ whom thraldom violence and need,
And scandal, shame and dread
72-3
Nonius : ' Callet ' (is thick-skinned, hardened) means knows,
that is by ' calliditas,' which is smart shrewdness ... —
All who, like us, are slaves unto dominion,
Are tamed and hardened to respect commands.
<* If quas is right, the quotation may refer to both Auge and
Atalanta.
189
TACUVIUS
74
Nonius, 378, 7 : ' Plaga ' aliquando pars lecti, aliquaiido
oranis ... —
. . . etsi metuo picta de palla plagam,
ut sit plaga quern nunc dicimus clavum.
75
Nonius, 322, 14 : ' Insolens ' rursum non solcns ... —
Quae aegritudo insolens mentem attemptat tuam ?
76
Nonius, 512, 31 : ' Aequiter ' pro aeque ... —
Concertare ac dissentire partim da rursum aequiter.
77
Nonius, 355, 27 : ' Occupare ' est rursus detinere ... —
semper satis agere ut ne in amore animum occupes.
"* palla (pluma oli7n) plagam Ribb. plaga pallam cdd.
.scdud. pallam Mr. plaga fallam coni. Linds. cp. Non.,
109, 16
'^ concertare cdd. concentare Ribb. consentiro
Scriverius partim ed. 1471 partes Mr. parti ac
Ribb. partem cdd. da rursum Bothe dare ius
Vossius da cursum cdd.
" semper satis Linds. semper sat Bothe super satis
agere cdd.
" Auge intended to kill him in the marriage chamber —
see notice on p. 181.
190
PLAYS
74
Telephus, betrothed to Auge whom he does not know to be his
mother, luis a presentiment that the marriage-bed will do him
harm ? : "
Xonius : ' Plaga ' sometimes means part of a couch, some-
times the whole of it . . . —
although I fear
Lest from the broidered netting of the bed
There fall indeed a net.^
so that here ' plaga ' is what we now call ' clavus,' a woven
stripe.
(C) Various.
75
The chorus speaks ? :
Nonius : ' Insolens ' again means ' non solens ' (unwonted)
What unwonted sorrov*' assails your mind ?
76
From a dispute :
Nonius : ' Aequiter ' for ' aeque ' . . . —
. . . Grant me in fair return the right
To argue with you and in part dissent.
77
Moral on the troubles of Atalanta and Auge ? :
Nonius : ' Occupare ' again means to hold back ... —
At all times to take busy care that you
Do not engage your mind in love.
^ I adopt Ribbeck's readmg, but the meaning is obscure.
There is probably a pun or a proverb or both ; plaga, region ;
net or snare ; bed-curtain ; plaga, a blow ; palla , mantle ;
shirt, curtam ; clavus, nail ; purple stripe on a tunic or
(rarely) a cloth; used also for the whole tunic.
191
PACUVIUS
78
Nonius, 481, 23 : ' Potior illam rem ' pro ' ilia re potior '
Tegeae nunc nemoralis regnum potitur transmissu
patris.
CHRYSES
Orestes and Pylades carried off Iphigenia and the statue of
Diana of Taurica. A fair wind brought them to Sminthe
Island (which is unknown) where dwelt Chryses the elder, a
priest of Apollo. He was father of Astynome (Chryseis), who,
once the property of Agamemnon, had been restored pregnant
by him to Chryses. When her child was born, Chryseis had
called him Chryses (the younger) and had said that the babe's
father was Apollo. Orestes and Pylades craved the protection
of Chryses the younger against their pursuer Thoas king of
Taurica. Chryses, after a refusal, relented when he heard from
Chryseis that Orestes and Iphigenia were son and daughter of
79
Eur., I ph. Tanr,, 1386-7 vavrai vecos \ Xd^eade kiotttjs podia.
t' e/cAeuKai'veTe.
Festus, 490, 15: ' Spira ' funis nauticus in orbem con-
volutus. . . . Pacuvius —
Orestes
. . . Quid cessatisj socii, eicere spiras sparteas ?
'8 Tegiae n. n. Ribb. Tegiae memoravi nunc Buecheler
regi ut memoravi, is nunc Bothe regi id memora, qui nunc
Vossius regi Meleagro : is nunc Grotius regi ut
memorabis nunc cdd. Jortasse regis ut memorant nunc r.
" A guess of Ribbeck's ; the beginning of the f r. is corrupt.
192
PLAYS
78
A son of Aleus rules in Tegea after the death of his father :
Nonius : ' Potior ' with the accusative instead of the
ablative ... —
Now by bequest he occupies his father's kingdom
of wooded Tegea."
CHRYSES
Agamemnon, and that Agamemnon was his father. With the
help of the younger Chryses Orestes slew Thoas and with
Pylades and Iphigenia came safely to Mycenae.
The plot of Pacuvius' play falls within the limits of this story
(Hygin., Fab., 121). The title suggests that the model was
Sophocles' Xpvar]s, but lines 107-15 suggest at least a con-
tamination with Euripides' XpvonnTos, R., 248 ff., and some
material comes perhaps from 'l(f>Ly. -q eV Tavpois.
Scene — Sminthe Island. Chorus probably of priests, with
a parachoregema of Thoas' satellites.
79
Orestes and Pylades, pursued by Thoas, have landed on
Sminthe Island. Orestes describes the dangers he experienced
in stealing the iinage of Diana ? : ^
Festus : ' Spira ' . . . a ship's rope wound up into a coil.
. . . Pacuvius — «=
Orestes
' Comrades, be you not slow to cast overboard
The coils of twisted broom.'
^ There is nothing to show the context, but I put these
first three frs. here for want of a better place. See Eurip.,
Iph. Taur., 1379 ff.
"= Probably in this play. It may be Orestes actually land-
ing on Sminthe, not Orestes telling of his exploit.
193
PACUMUS
80
Priscianus. up. G.L., II, 254, 5 : Quidam iainen veterum et
hoc ossu ct hoc ossuin profercbanl, undc Pacuvius iu Chryse —
ossuuni inhumatuni aestuosani aulam
81
PiUr., I'ph. Taur., 1393 Xd^pco kXvScovl avfnreaova' rjTTeLyeTO.
1396-7 . . . el's 8e yijv ttolXiv \ KXvhcov TraXlppovs ■^ye vavv.
Nonius, 484, 12 : ' Aesti ' pro * aestus.' Pacuvius Chryse —
aesti forte ex arido
82-3
Cp. Eur., Iph. Taur., 1487 it' ai nvoai, vavaOXoOade tov
'Ayafie^vovos \ TratS' etj 'Ad-qvas.
Nonius, 488, 10 : ' Fiucti ' pro fluctus ... —
Interea loci
flucti flacciscunt, silescunt venti, mollitur mare.
Cp. Cic, do Oral., Ill, 42, 167.
84
Gellius, IV, 17, 15: Id ipsum . . . verbum {.sc. iacio) M.
Cato sub alia praepositione dicit . . . et Pacuvius in Chryse —
Pleiades
Idae prornunturium quoius lingua in altum proicit.
85-6
Nonius, 467, 7 : ' Aucupavi,' activum positum pro passivo
. . . Incipio saxum temptans scandere
vorticeni in summum inde in omnes partes prospec-
tum aucupo.
*" aulam Ribb. auram cdd.
^* Idae Voss. id cdd.
" in summum inde Mercier summusque in omnes Bothe
(in omnes Lips) alii alia in summis dein hominis cdd.
194
PLAYS
80
Bough seas delay them :
Priscianus : Still some old writers used to inflect ' os ' from a
nominative ' ossu ' and from a nominative ' ossum.' Hence
the gen. plur. form ' ossuum ' in Pacuvius, in Chryses —
sea-battered urn ^ of bones unburied
81
Nonius : ' Aesti ' for ' aestus ' (tide). Pacuvius in Chryses —
After di'y ebb a flood-tide, so it happened,
82-3
After the delay :
Nonius : ' Flucti ' for ' fluctus ' . . . —
Meanwhile the billows droop and drop, the winds
Fall quiet, the sea sinks soft.
84
Pylades describes how he has climbed a cliff, and has seen
Thoas* ships coming in pursuit :
Gellius : That very verb ' iacio ' is used by Marcus Cato with
another prefix . . . and likewise Pacuvius in Chryses —
Pylades
A headland of Ida whose tongue throws out into
the deep.
85-6
Nonius : ' Aucupavi,' an active form put for the de-
ponent ... —
Assailing the rock I began to cHmb to the very top
and from there I caught an outlook on every side.
" Or accept auram of the cdd. — ' reeking breath of bones
unburied.' I take it Orestes relates the disaster described in
Eur., Iph. Taur., 1379 ff.
195
o2
PACUVIUS
87
Festus, 510, 28 : ' Specus ' feminino genere pronuntiabant
antiqui ... —
Est ibi sub eo saxo penitus strata harena ingens
specus.
88
Censorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 613, 6 : ' Tetrametros,' qui
Latine quadratus vocatur, choricus talis est —
Orestes
Tela, famuli, tela propere ferte ! Sequitur me Thoas.
89
Nonius, 74, 1 : ' Adiutamini ' pro adiutate ... —
Adiutamini et defendite !
Cp. Donat., in Ter,, Adelph., prol,, 16.
90
Nonius, 415, 28 : ' Vesci ' . . . —
. . . fugimus qui arte hac vescimur.
91-2
Nonius, 101, 23 : ' Deiugare,' deiungere, separare, disso-
ciare ... —
Orestes
perque nostram egregiam unanimitatem quam
memoria
deiugat.
Cp. Non., 142, 24.
*8 ferte add. Mr. tela propere tela Lips tela tela
propere Bothe forlasse tela tela, f., t. p. s. m. T.
*' adiutamini Non. adiuta mihi Donat.
®° fugimus qui arte hac odd. fugimus : arte (fugimusque
arte olim) Ribb.
'^"- egregiam u. cdd. 101, 142 unanimitatem e. Ribb.
forlasse recte quam memoria cd/l. 101, 142 quam neo
memoria Ribb. immemoria Vossius
196
PLAYS
87
He saw a hiding-place :
Festus : ' Specus ' was used in the feminine gender by
archaic writers ... — •
There is beneath that rock a mighty cavern,
Sand-strewed " and reaching far within.
88
Orestes calls for arms :
Censorinus : The ' dancing tetramet(;r ' (the Latin name for
tetrameter is ' quadratus ') goes like this — *
Orestes
Arms, servants ! Arms bring hither quickly !
Thoas is after me !
89
He calls on the priests of Apollo for aid :
Nonius : ' Adiutamini ' ' for adiutate ' . . .
Render help and defend me !
90
He explains that he is a fugitive :
Nonius : ' Vesci ' . . . —
Fugitives are we who employ this artifice.
91-2
He appeals to Chryses the elder for help :
Nonius : ' Deiugare ' (remove from the yoke), to disjoin, to
separate, to dissociate ... —
Orestes
And by our surpassing singleness of heart,
Which lapsing time disyokes,*'
« Taking strata with specus; but it goes perhaps with
harena — ' a cavern with a stretch of sandy floor.'
^ The line does not look like an invention, and thus very
probably belongs to this play. Cf. R., 252.
<= Nonius has quam m. d. in two separate quotations of this
fr., and so Ribbeck's nee must be rejected.
197
PACUVIUS
93
Nonius, 12G, 33 : ' Integrarc,' redintegrare ... —
Chryses
Set cesso inimicitiam integrare ?
94-6
Festus, 370, 32 : ' Redamptruare ' dicitur in Saliorum
exultationibus; cum praesul * amptruavit,' quod est motus
edidit, ei refenintur invicem idem motus. . . . Pacuvius —
promerenda gratia
simul cum videam Graios nihil mediocriter
redamptruare opibusque summis persequi,
Cp. Non. 165, 19 (. . . Pacuvius Chryse).
97
Nonius, 469, 3 : ' Auguro ' . . . —
Propemodum animus coniectura de errore eius
augur at.
98
Nonius, 508, 23 : ' Potestur ' pro potest ... —
siqua potestur investigari via.
99
Nonius, 89, 20 : ' Certiscant ' certa fiant ... —
Atque eccos undc certiscant.
*® redandruare Non.
Non., 89 : certissant cdd.
'• certiscant Quich, certiscant Voss. certissent cdd.
certiscam coni. Mr.
198
PLAYS
93
Chryses hesitates :
Nonius : ' Integrare,' the same as ' redintegrare '' . . . —
Chryses
But do I dawdle in renewing enmity ?
94-6
Chryses decides to help Orestes :
Festus : ' Redamptruare ' is a term used in the leapings of
the Salii, when the dancer-leader ' amptruavit,' that is, has
set the movements, the same movements are copied from him
by the others in turn. . . . Pacuvius —
And since I see withal «
That Greeks in no mean fashion keep good step
In earning thanks and follow up the dance
With all their power,
97
Thoas and his followers land and search :
Nonius : ' Auguro ' . . . —
My mind almost makes a prophetic surmise
About his w^anderings.
98
Nonius : ' Potestur ' for ' potest ' . . . —
If along any road ^ he may be tracked.
99
Nonius : ' Certiscant ' for ' carta fiant ' . . . — •
And see them, there they are,
From whom doubts may be settled.
" Or * As soon as I do see . . .'
* Or * if in any way the road may . . .'
T99
PACUVIUS
100
Nonius, 474, 35 : ' Opino ' pro opinor . . . —
Inveni, opino, Orestes uter esset tamen.
101-3
Cicero, Orat., 46, 155 : At ille alter in Chryse non solum —
Gives, antiqui amici maiorum meum,
quod erat usitatum, sed durius taraen —
consilium socii, augurium atque extum interpretes,
idemque pergit —
postquam prodigium horriferum portentum pavos . . .
104-6
Cicero, de Div., I, 57, 131 : Multa offerre potuit dies quae
animadvertendo notarentur, ut ille Pacuvianus, qui in Chryse
physicus inducitur, minime naturam rerum cognosse videatur —
. . . nam isti qui linguam avium intellegunt
plusque ex alieno iecore sapiunt quam ex suo,
magis audiendum quam auscultandum censeo.
Cur, quaeso ?
Cp. Non., 246, 10.
^°^ pavos vulg. pavor vel pavox cdd.
" The next four fragments may come from a final decision
between Chryses the elder (or the younger) and Thoas, whether
Orestes and the others shall receive protection or not. Some
portent is sent; Thoas is represented as an heretic barbarian.
PLAYS
100
A satellite ? reports to Thoas that he has seen Orestes :
Nonius : ' Opino ' for ' opinor ' . . . —
Still, I believe, I found
Which was Orestes of the two.
101-3
Chryses " to the priests ?
Cicero : But that other famous poet in Chryses uses not only
the genitive ' meum ' —
Citizens, old-time friends of my ancestors,
which was at any rate often used; but he uses also much
harsher examples — ' consilium,' ' augurium,' ' extum '—
Partners in counsels, and interpreters
Of auguries and vitals,
and he proceeds further to use ' prodigium,' ' horrificum,'
' portentum ' —
After the terror of the prodigies
Horrific, of the portents . . .
104-6
Thoas ? je^rs at sooth-saying :
Cicero : It may be that much has been added to our know-
ledge through observations recorded during a long period;
hence that hero in Pacuvius, who in Chryses is brought on the
scene as a natural philosopher, seems to have had very little
knowledge of the laws of nature : —
For those who understand the speech of birds.
And learn more wisdom from another's liver
Than from their own, I vote one ought to hear
Rather than heed them.
Why so, I ask you ?
201
PACUVIUS
107-8
Varro, L.L., V, 17 : Sic caelum et pars eius, summnm ubi
stellae, et id quod Pacuvius cum demonstrat dicit —
Hoc vide circum supraque quod complexu continet
terram.
Cp. Varr., I.e., 19.
109
Nonius, 144, 8 : ' Nigret,' nigrefit ... —
solisque exortu capessit candorem, occasu nigret.
110-11
Varro, L.L., V, 17 [v. supra) : Cui subiungit —
<(Hoc quod memoro . . . )
Id quod nostri caelum memorant,
Cicero, de Nat. Dear., II, 36, 91 : Mutuemur hoc quoque
verbum dicaturque tarn aether Latine quara dicitur aer, etsi
interpretatur Pacuvius — ' hoc quod memoro nostri caelum,' —
Grai perhibent aethera ;
quasi vero non Graius hoc dicat. At Latine loquitur.
Siquidem nos non quasi Graece loquentem audiamus.
107-8, 110. 112-14 coniunx. S irih. * Ant.' Bergk
^^° hoc quod memoro addo ex Cic. jyrox. cit.
*^^ id quod nostri c. m. Varro hoc quod memoro nostri
c. Cic.
202
PLAYS
107-8
Varro : Thus also the sky and a part of it, the top where the
stars are, and that which is meant by Pacuvius, when he
indicates it thus — "
See you that
Which round and over holds earth in its embrace.
109
Nonius : * Nigret,' becomes ' niger ' . , . —
. . . and at the rising of the sun
It catches brilliance, at its setting blackens.
110-11
Varro goes on : He adds to this —
That of which I speak ^ . . .
That which our people speak of as the sky,
Cicero : We may borrow this term ' aether ' also, and use
it as a Latin word just as we use ' aer,* although Pacuvius
thus explains it : That of which I speak our people hold to be
the sky, —
The Greeks hold to be aether ;
as though it were not a Greek who is speaking ! ' But,'
you will say, ' he is speaking in Latin.' Quite so, only we are
to suppose we are hearing him speak in Greek.
" Probably after some rejoinder of Chryses (metre changed ;
op. next note).
^ This phrase I add from Cicero, who is quoted next. It is,
however, quite likely that Cicero misquoted from memory,
20-;
PACUVIUS
112-14
Cicero, de Div., 1, 57, 131 vide supra, 104-6 : Cur, quaeso ?
Cum ipse paucis interpositis versibus dicas satis luculente —
Quidquld est hoc, omnia animat format alit auget
creat
sepelit recipitque in sese omnia, omniumque idem est
pater,
indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur deintegro atque
eodem occidunt.
Cf. Lucret, V, 319 5.
115
Nonius, 75, 8 : ' Adiugare,' adiungere . . . —^
Mater est terra ; ea parit corpus, animam aether
adiugat.
Cp. Varro, L.L., V, 60.
Eurip., Chrysipp., fr. 836 N :—
Taia fieyicrrr} Kal Aio? PdOrjp,
6 yikv avd pcoTTiov Kal decov yeveTcop
T] 8' vypo^oXovs arayovas vorias
TTapaSe^aixeur) TtKxei dvarovs,
TLKrei Se ^opav <f>vXa. re drjpajv
odev ovK aStVoj?
^■qrrjp TravTcov vevofxiaTai..
p^copei S' OTTiaco
TO. ixev €K yam? (f)VVT' et? yatav,
TO. 8' oltt' aWepiov ^Xdarovra yovfjs
et? ovpdvLov ttolXlv -qXde ttoXov
dvrjOKei S' ouSev rwv yiyvo[X€vojv,
BiaKpLvofxevov S' aXXo -npos aXXov
fjiop^rjv €T€pav eVeSetfev.
107-8. no. 112-114 coniunx. S irib. 'Ant.' Bergk
^^^ anima mater cdd. Non. (animam aer Harl. 3) aeter cd.
Varr., recte ut vid.
204
PLAYS
112-U
Cicero : Why so, I ask you ? Since you yourself," my dear
sir, after the interposition of a few lines, say brilliantly
enou2
Whatever this may be, it quickens, makes,
Forms, nourishes, increases ; buries too.
Takes back again into itself all things ;
And it is likewise father of all things ;
And these same things do from this very matter
Equally rise afresh, and into it
Fall back again. ^
115
Nonius : ' Adiugare,' the same as ' adiungere ' . . . —
Earth is the mother ; she gives birth to body.
Ether yokes breath to it.
Euripides has : —
Ether that belongs to Zeus is the begetter of the gods and
of mankind ; while most mighty earth by receiving of herseK
from ether damp drops that spatter wetness, is the mother of
mortals and the tribes of beasts, and likewise is the mother
of their meat. Hence not unjustly is she held to be Mother
of all. All things that grow up from the earth move back
into the earth, while all that sprout from ether's seed go again
into the vault of heaven; and nothing of created things
dies out ; but one is dissolved into the nature of another and
so displays a new and different shape.
" The speaker of lines 104:-6.
^ The origin of this passage is Euripides, whose words I have
given after line 115. But there is no need to assume that
Pacuvius also wrote a play called Chrysippus (cf. R., 257-8).
205
PACUVIUS
116
Nonius, 74, 21 : ' Averruncare,' avertere. Lucilius lib.
XXVI ' di e. q. a. . . . Pacuvius Medo . . . M. Tullius de
finibus bonorum et malorum —
Ckryses
Di nionerint meliora atque amentiani avcrruncassint
tuam !
Cp. Paul., ex F., 567, 5; Nou., 507, 27; Varr., L.L. VII,
102 (apud Pacuvium : * Di . . . ').
[Cic, de Fin., V, 22, 63; de Amk., 7, 24 (cp. de Fin. II, 24,
79).— Cf. pp. 222-3.]
117
Priscianus, ap. G.L., 11, 511, 2 : Notandum tameu quod
' cognosco, cognovi, cognitum ' et ' agnosco agnovi agnitum '
in frequentiore usu faciunt pro o paenultima producta, quam
vetustissimi servabant. . . . Pacuvius secundum utrumque
protulit —
Nuntius
111 turba Oresti cognita agnota est soror.
118
Nonius, 39, 31 : ' Populate ' significat populi amorcm
conciliare ... —
atque ut promeruit pater mihi patriam populavit
meam.
1^^ maluerunt caM. Non. 74 tuaui Faal. meam om.
Varro.
"■ Apparently Lucilius quotes this fr., -which Varro gives as
from Pacuvius. See Remains of Old Latin, Vol. III. It is not
known how this fr. came to be attributed falsely to Cicero's
de Finibus, where it does not occur, Averruncare is au old
word of unknown derivation.
** The attribution to Chryses is very probable. The fr.
would not come from the narrative of Orestes' exploit in
2o6
PLAYS
116
Chryses rebukes Thoas ?
Nonius : ' Avemincare,' to turn aside (literally ' to root
out ' ?). Lucilius.'^ . . . Pacuvius in Medus, . . , Cicero in
On the Highest Ends of Good and Evil —
Chryses
May the gods advise you
To better things, and root out this your madness !
[A fragment of Thraldorestes {see pp. 222-3) should possibly
be included in this play.]
117
The fight between (yrestes' and Thoas'' supporters. Iphigenia
caught in the fray :
Priscianus : Still we must note that according to the most
frequent practice ' cognosce, cognovi ' and ' agnosco, agnovi '
form the supine ' cognitum ' and ' agnitum ' respectively, with
i instead of a long o as the penultimate, which the oldest
writers preserved. . . . Pacuvius ^ conjugated according to
both alternatives — •
Messenger
The sister of Orestes was acknowledged
When recognised by him amongst the crowd.
118
Unplaced fragment :
Nonius : ' Populare ' means ' to win over the a£Eection of
the people ' . . . —
And, as it well deserved,
My father laid my country waste.*'
Taurica, because that exploit was apparently described by
Orestes himself. This fr. looks like a quotation from a
messenger's account.
' Since Nonius is clearly wrong, I have translated popvlavit
according to its ordinary meaning. The allusion is unknown.
R., 253 accepts Nonius as being right.
207
PACUVIUS
DULORESTES
The title of this play is a union of two Greek Avords BovXos
and 'Op€(TTTis, ' Orestes as a Slave.' In order to obtain a
similar fusion in English, I translate it into ' Thraldorestes,'
though ' Thrallorestes ' would be a closer rendering. The
model of this play is not known, but the frs. themselves
suggest the story which told how Orestes, having escaped
murder at the hands of his mother Clytaemnestra when she
slew Agamemnon, grew to be a man and was advised again
119
Nonius, 522, 2 : ' Diem ' volunt, cum feminino genere
dicimus, tempus significare, masculino diem ipsum. Nos
contra invenimus. . . . Pacuvius Duloreste —
Gnatam despondit, nuptiis banc dat diem.
120-1
Nonius, 504, 30 : ' Sonit ' pro sonat ... —
* Hymenaeum ' fremunt
aequales, aura resonit crepitu musico.
122-3
Nonius, 111,7: ' Fuam,' sim vel fiam ... —
Responsa explanat ; mandat ne matri fuat
cognoscendi umquam aut contuendi copia.
121 aura cdd. aula S (cp. Eur., Iph. Taur., 366-8 'Apyelai
re vvv I vfxvovaiv vfievaloiatv, aOAeiTai Se vdv \ fxeXad pov)
208
PLAYS
THRALDORESTES
and again by Electra to avenge his father. He consulted the
oracle at Delphi, and came in disguise to Argos and reported
that Orestes was dead. He made himself kno^vn to Electra,
who was being forced by her mother Clytaemnestra to marry
Oeax, and carried out his plan of murdering Clytaemnestra
and Aegisthus. Scene, Argos. Chorus of house-servants ?
Cf. R., 239 fi. Jahn, Hermes, II, 229 ff.
119
Prologue. Clytaemnestra has betrothed Electra :
Nonius : ' Dies.' They would have it that, when we use it
in the feminine gender, we should mean time; when in the
masculine, day simply. I have found cases where the opposite
holds good. . . . Pacuvius in Thraldorestes — ■
Her daughter she betrothed ; this is the day
Which she appointed for the marriage.
120-1
Nonius : ' Sonit ' for ' sonat ' . . . —
. . . ' God <* of Weddings ! ' shout her fellow-
maidens,
The air resounds with blare of music.
122-3
Prologue : advice of an oracle to Orestes :
Nonius : ' Fuam,' the same as ' sim ' or ' fiam ' . . . —
The answers he expounded ; he enjoined
That never should his mother have occasion
To see him face to face or recognise him.
" Or 'Her fellow-maidens shout a wedding-song.'
209
VOL. II. P
PACUVIUS
124
Priscianus, ap. G.L. II, 182, 1 : ' Plerus plcra plerum '
absque que additione ... —
Pater Achivos in Capharei saxis pleros perdidit.
125
Nonius, 13, 11 : ' Crepera ' res proprie dicitur dubia ... —
Clytaemnestra
Non decet animum aegritudine in re crepera confici.
126
Nonius, 497, 4 : Accusativus positus pro ablative ... —
Eleclra
Nonne officium fungar vulgi atque aegre male factum
feram ?
127-8
Nonius, 184, 3 : ' Vanitudo ' pro vanitate ... —
Clytaemnestra
. . . Primum hoc abs te oro, minus inexorabilem
faxis ; ni turpassis vanitudine aetatem tuam.
^2* Capharei vulgo caphcrei vd sim. cdd.
12' minus Ribb. ni me L ni me in te nimis Onions
ne me G. Hermann no mi Faber nimis cdd.
PLAYS
124
Orestes " tells how Agamemnon lost much of his fleet on the
return from Troy :
Priscianus : ' Plerus, plera, plerum ' without the suffix
' -que ' . . . —
. . . My father ruin brought
For most of the Achivi on the rocks
Of Caphareus.
125
Dispute between Clytaemnestra and Electra, who refuses to
marry Oeax :
Nonius : ' Creper ' (dark, dusk}^ is properly used of a thing
which is vague ... —
Clytaemnestra
It is not right to waste in darksome times
Your soul in sullenness.
126
Nonius : The accusative put for the ablative . . .
Electra
Should I not play the common part of women,
Resent a wicked act ?
127-8
Nonius : ' Vanitudo ' for ' vanitas ' . . . —
Clytaemnestra ^
First then I beg of you that you do make me
Less unpersuadable ; and do not shame
Y^our age by empty talk.
* Or possibly Clytaemnestra seeking to excuse her faithless-
ness:— ' Your father ruin brought . . .'
* Or possibly Orestes, later in the play : of. line 136 and
R., 245-6.
211
PACUVIUS
129
Nonius, 160, 11 : ' Prolixitudinem ' . . . —
oro, nive plectas fandi mi prolixitudinem.
130
Nonius, 124, 36 : ' Incilare ' est increpare vel inprobare
Electra
Siquis hac me oratione incilet, quid respondeam?
131-2
Nonius, 179, 11 : ' Torto ' pro tormento ... —
Aegisthus f
Nam te in tenebrica saepe lacerabo fame
clausam et fatigans artus torto distraham.
133
Nonius, 490, 10 : ' Itiner ' pro iter ... —
Orestes
Delphos venum pecus egi inde ad siabula haec itiner
contuli.
^2' nive Buecheler alii alia minime Ribb. mmecdd.
plectas Botha flectas cdd. {an recte ?) offlectas Buecheler
prolixitudinem cdd. prolixitudine Ribb.
^^^ clausam Jahn clausum cdd.
^^^ pecus egi lun. inde Voss. pecus secunde(-ae) oZfZ.
haec Ribb. hue Mr. ac cdd.
PLAYS
129
Nonius : ' Prolixitudinem ... —
I beg of you,
And plait ^ me not prolixity of speech.
130
Nonius : ' Incilare ' (cut or lash with words) means to
upbraid or blame ... —
Electra
Should someone lash me with such talk as this,
What answer would I make ?
131-2
Aegisthus ? threatens Electra :
Nonius : ' Torto ' for ' tormento ' . . . —
Aegisthus ?
For I'll imprison and oft torture you
In dark and hunger; yes, I'll weary you ;
I'll tear your joints apart upon the rack.
133
Orestes and Pylades come disguised as slaves ; Orestes tells the
chorus {of house-servants ?) a plausible tale :
Nonius : ' Itiner ' for ' iter ' . . . —
Orestes
I drove my flock to Delphi, there to sell it ;
And thence I took my journey to these stalls.
" plectas . . . prolixitudinem. But possibly the right read-
ing is^ecto* . . . ^roZia;i7z^me, ' make me bend by prolixity.'
213
PACUVIUS
134
Nonius, 352, 5 : ' Nobilitarent ' notificarent dictum est
Hicine is est quern fcima Graia ante omnes nobilitat
viros ?
135
Festus, 490, 21 : ' Spectu ' sine praepositione Pacuvius in
Duloreste usus est cum ait —
amplus, rubicundo colore et spectu protervo ferox,
136
Nonius, 137, 5 : ' Matrescam,' matris siniilis fiam ... —
Orestes
Utinam nunc matrescam ingenio, ut meum patrem
ulcisci queam.
137
Nonius, 115, 11 : ' Grandire ' est grandem facere ... —
nee grandiri frugum fetum posse nee mitiscere.
Cp. Non., 343, 19.
138-40
Nonius, 423, 27 : ' Pudet ' et ' piget.' Hoc distat : pudet
enira verecundiae est, pigere paenitentiae ... —
Orestes
Quid quod iam, ei milii,
piget paternum nomen, maternum pudet
profari ?
^3* quod iam ei raihi Mr. (ei mihi Umpfenbach) q. i.
et mehe Ribb. coll. Qaintil., I, 5, 21 quondam et mihi aid.
214
PLAYS
134
Orestes refers to Aegisthus ? :
Nonius : ' Nobilitarent ' has been used for ' made known '
Is this the man whom Grecian fame renowns
Above all other men ?
135
Festus : ' Speetu ' was used thus without a prefix by
Pacuvius in Thraldorestes in these words — ■
He large in bulk, a man of ruddy hue,
Of savage thoughts and overbearing look,
136
Orestes hopes to avenge Agamemnon :
Nonius : ' Matrescam,' become like one's mother ... —
Orestes
Would now I could in nature be emmothered,
That able I might be to avenge my father !
137
Plague in, the land because of Agamemnon'' s murder :
Nonius : ' Grandire ' means to make ' grandis ' . . . —
The ears of corn cannot be enlarged or mellow.
138-40
Orestes on his plans :
Nonius : ' Pudet ' and ' piget.' There is a difference in
this : ' pudet ' implies a feeling of shame, ' pigere ' of repent-
ance ... —
Orestes
Yes, now (ah me !) I am aggrieved to speak
My father's name, ashamed to speak my mother's !
215
PACUVIUS
141
Nonius, 146, 16 : ' Orbitudinis ' pro ' orbitate ' . . . —
vel cum ilium videas soUicitum orbitudine.
U2-3
Nonius, 90, 5 : * Conciere,' cum perturbatione comniovere.
. . . Ennius * * * ♦ Pacuvius Duloreste —
Extemplo Aegisthi fidem
nuncupantes conciebunt populum.
144
Nonius, 181, 20 : ' Temeritudinem ' pro teraeritate ... —
Orestes
Heu, non tyrannum novi temeritudinem ?
145
Nonius, 355, 3 : ' Occupare ' est proprie praevenire ... —
Aegisthus
Is quis est ?
9
Qui te, nisi ilium tu occupas, leto dabit.
146-7
Nonius, 262, 31 : ' Consternari ' significat deici. Con-
stcmari rursum erigi ... — •
Aegisthus
Unde exoritur ? Quo praesidio fretus, auxiliis
quibus ?
Quo consilio eonsternatur, qua vi, cuius copiis ?
Non., 90 : commovere. . . . Ennius * * * Pacuvius D. Mr.
commovere. . . . Pacuvius D. S commovere. . . Ennius
Duloreste cdd.
* sc. Orestes ? But of. R., 244.
^ Nonius seems to take eonsternatur as ' is excited to sedi-
2l6
PLAYS
141
Nonius : ' Orbitudinis ' for ' orbitatis ' . . . —
Or when you see him " smarting in bereavement.
142-3
A friend warns Orestes :
Nonius : ' Conciere,' to stir up with attendant disorder. . . .
Ennius. , . . Pacuvius in Thraldorestes —
Then calling on Aegisthus' promised help,
Straightway they Mill arouse the people.
144
Orestes is confident :
Nonius : ' Temeritudinem ' for ' temeritatem ' . . . —
Orestes
Ah ! Do I not know the rashness of despots ?
145
Aegisthus is warned :
Nonius : ' Occupare ' means properly to come before ... —
Aegisthus
Who is the man ?
[A Frie?id]
One who will deliver you to death, unless you
yourself forestall him.
146-7
Nonius : ' Consternari ' means to be laid low. Again
' consternari ' means to be uplifted ... —
Aegisthus
. . . Whence springs he up ?
What convoy does he trust in and what troops ?
What counselled his unsettlement ? ^ What's his
strength ?
Whose hosts are his ?
tion ' ; cf . Livy, VII, 42, 3 ynultitndinem . . . ad arma
consternatam ; XXXIV, 3, 6, etc.
217
PACUVIUS
148-9
Nonius, 6, 21 : ' Calvitur * ... (7, 4)—
Aegisthus
Me calvitur suspicio ?
Hoc est illud quod fore occulte Oeax praedixit.
150
Nonius, 123, 29 : ' Incertat,' incertum facit ... —
Set med incertat dictio ; quare expedi.
Cp. Eur., I ph. Taur., 1162,
151-2
Nonius, 260, 2 : ' Contendit,' proripuit vel direxit significat
Nihil coniectura quivi interpretarier
quorsum flexivia dictio contenderet.
153
Nonius, 341, 35 : ' Mactare ' est magis augere ... — •
Macte esto virtiite operaque ! Omenque adprobo.
154
Nonius, 491, 23 : ' Soniti ' et ' sonu ' pro sonitus et sono
. . . quidnam autem hoc soniti est quod stridunt
foris ?
^** me calvitur cdd. ni c. Hermann <nisi> me c.
Bothe
15° med Bothe me lun. ne cdd.
^52 flexivia dictio Orotius (flexiloqua d. coni. Ribb.)
perplexa voce se Bothe flexa cervicc turn lun. cervice
tlexa Stieglitz flexivice cdd. fortasse flexivia voce res c.
153 omenque adprobo ed. princ. omen approba Delvio
alii alia omenque asprobo cdd.
2i8
PLAYS
148-9
Aegisthus is anxious
Nonius : ' Calvitur '
Aegisthus
Does a suspicion trick me ? — this is that thing
Which Oeax covertly foretold would happen.
150
Nonius : ' Incertat,' makes uncertain . . . —
But the saying unsures me ; wherefore expound !
151-2
Nonius : * Contend it ' means ' hurried forward,' or
' directed ' . . . —
Nought was I able to explain by surmise
Whither the saying bent its crooked way.^
153
Aegisthus is encouraged ? Orestes to his helpers ? :
Nonius : ' Mactare ' is ' magis augere ' . . . —
Success to your bravery and your enterprise !
The omen too I approve.
154
Orestes' revenge : helplessness of Clytaemnestra :
Nonius : ' Soniti ' for ' sonitus ' and ' sonu ' for ' sono '
But what's this screeching noise they make out-
doors ? '^
" But of. R., 244, 242. We do not know what Oeax's
prophecy was.
^ The reading is very doubtful.
" Or ' But what's this creaking which the doors do make ? '
219
PACUVIUS
155
Nonius, 38, 29 : ' Eliminare,' extra limen eicere ... —
Clytaemnestra
Ubi illic est ? Me miseram ! Quonam clanculum se
eliminat ?
Cp. Non., 292, 31.
156
Nonius, 477, 26 : ' Adiutatur ' pro adiutat ... —
Ilium quaero qui adiutatur.
157-8
Nonius, 510, 20 : ' Amiciter ' pro amice ... —
Nunc ne ilium expectes, quando amico amiciter
fecisti.
159
Nonius, 237, 11 : ' Autumare ' est sperare ... —
Aut hie est aut hie adfore actutum autumo.
160-1
Nonius, 307, 9 : ' Fatiscere ' est aperiri, rursus deficere
Orestes
At si tanta sunt promerita vestra, aequiperare ut
queam
vereor, nisi numquam fatiscar facere quod quibo boni.
Cp. Non., 479, 14.
^^^ ubi illic cdd. 38 ubi ille cdd. 292 clanculum se
eliminat Bothe alii alia clam clam e. cdd. 38
quoniam clamor e. cdd. 292
^**" at si tanta Mr. ista si ita Buccheler at si ita
Gulielmus ut ista Grotius nunc si ita Schoppius at
ita si p. V. sunt co7ii. olim Ribb. ut si ita sunt cdd.
220
PLAYS
155
Clyfaemestra seeks Aegisthus :
Nonius : ' Eliminare,' to cast outside the ' limen '
(threshold) ... —
Clytaemnestra
Where is that man ? Curse my bad fortune !
Whither
Casts he himself outdoors so secretly ?
156
A call for help :
Nonius : ' Adiutatur for ' adiutat ' . . . —
Him I seek who is an accomplice.
157-8
A plea for pcUience :
Nonius : ' Amiciter ' for ' amice ' . . . —
Now surely you may wait for him, since you
Have done for him your friend some friendly acts.
159
Nonius : ' Autumare ' means to hope ... —
I think he's here, or will be here forthwith.
160-1
Orestes thanks his supporters :
Nonius : ' Fatiscere ' (to fall open ; faint, flag) means to be
opened, and also to fail ... —
Orestes
But if your merits are as great as this,
I fear I cannot counterbalance them,
Unless it be I'll never flag in doing
What good I shall be able to perform.
PACUVIUS
162
Nonius, 23, 9 : ' Moenes ' apud veteres dicebantur non a
largitione, quae iguota erat, sed consentientes ad ea quae
amici velint ... —
animum quae turn . . . <(moenes)>
163-6
Ex * Chryse ' aut ' Didoreste ' ;
Cicero, de Fin., V, 22, 63 : Qui clamores vulgi atquc imperi-
torum excitantur in theatris, cum ilia dicuntur —
Pylades
Ego sum Orestes . . .
contraque ab altero —
Orestes
Immo enimvero ego sum, inquam, Orestes.
Cum autem etiara exitus ab utroque datur conturbato
errantique regi —
Pylades, Orestes
. . . ambo ergo una necarier
precamur.
Quotiens hoc agitur, ecquandone nisi admirationibus
maximis ?
Cp. Cicero, de Amicit., 7, 24; de Fin., II, 24, 79.
i®2 animum quae turn largitio cdd.; vocabida turn largitio
e. q. s. e-x Sail., Bell. Jug., 103, 6, hausta sunt.
163-6 ij-K^ < Chrys.' Jahn ; vid. var. leciiones ap. R., ad loc.
^^' ambo e.q.s. Madvig alii alia ambo ergo
8unane(-i-)ganum {vel negaverim vel sim.) precamur cdd.
222
PIAYS
162
Nonius : ' Moenes.' A term used by the old writers, not
as derived from the practice of official largess, which was
unknown to them, but in the sense of ' agreeing with the wishes
of friends ' . . . —
Which then the mind . . . good givers.
163-6
From ' Chryses ' or ' Thraldorestes '/';<*
Cicero : What shouts are raised by the uncultured crowd in
the theatre when the following words are spoken —
Pi/ lades
It is I am Orestes ! . . .
And the other friend, m contradiction —
Orestes
No, no ! It is I, I say, I am Orestes !
And when each offers a way out to the king in his confusion
and perplexity —
Pi/ lades, Orestes
Then we both pray at once that we may be slain
together.
As often as this is acted, is it ever done without the loudest
cheers of enthusiasm ?
<* For the view that this comes from Chryses, cf. Jahn,
Hermes, II, 233; R., 254. It would seem to fit that play
better, where the king would be Thoas.
223
PACUVIUS
167
Nonius, 345, 1 : ' Meret,' humillimum et sordidissimum
quaestum capit. . . . Lucilius. . . . Varro Agathone Dulo-
reste —
f qui I merita hominem et servum facit.
HERMIONA
Menelaus during the siege of Troy had promised his daughter
Hermiona to Neoptolemus. But her grandfather Tyndareus
had meanwhile given her to Orestes. (Another version says
that it was Menelaus who had already betrothed her to Orestes
before the Trojan War.) When Neoptolemus went home, she
was given to him; but after Neoptolemus was killed by the
168-70
Nonius, 116, 14: ' Grandaevitas ' . . . Pacuvius Her-
miona—
quod tamen ipsa orbitas
grandaevitasque Pelei per penuriam
stirpis subaxit.
No7i., 345, 1 : Varro Agathone ***** Pacuvius Duloreste
Naeke bovXoTTpcTTecnepov Duebncr bovXos (pcos ^cni Popma
hovXorrp^TTws Oehler Varro Agathone : ' Duloreste
Linds. meritat Faber meritantem coni. Linds. qui
meret homo se servum facit vir doct. ap. IMercier se
servum Naeke ex se Mr. v. R., Trag. corollar.,
XLll-XLIlI
1^^ quod tamen cdd. quo tandem Ribb. (quo Bothe)
^^^ Pelei per penuriam cdd. seclud. per Mr.
^'° subaxit Bothe subauxit Ribb. subaxet cdd.
" Of the suggested alterations only Naeke's seems really
possible (see appar. crit.). But even this is stultified by the
224
PLAYS
167
OJ doubtful authorship :
Nonius : ' Meret.' Earns a most mean and sordid M'ago.
. . Lucilius, . . . Varro in Agatho Thraldorestes — *
So wages even make the slave.
HERMIOXA
Delphians at Delphi, Hermiona was sent back again to
Orestes, and a son Tisamenus was born to them.
The model of this play was probably Sophocles' 'Epixiovrj
and the scene is Delphi, in front of Apollo's temple. Cf . R.,
261 ff.
168-70
Neoptolemus {?) tells how, having no children by Hermiona
he has come to Delphi for advice, lest the stock of Peleus die out :
Nonius : ' Grandae vitas.' . . . Pacuvius in Hermiona —
which none the less the very bereavement and
grandeldership of Peleus has forced upon me,
because our lineage is scarce.^
fact that after the quotation (which is hopelessly corrupt at
the beginning) Nonius says ' the same in Eumenides,' which
seems to show at any rate that the author of the corrupt
quotation is not Pacuvius, who did not write a Eumenides.
Ennius certainly did write one based on Aeschylus ; but here
Nonius' quotation from a Eumenides has no Greek parallel
and mentions ' sestertii ' — an unsuitable word for a tragedy
modelled on a Greek one. Cf. R., Trag. Fragm., CorolL,
XLII-XLIII. With tnerita (as a passive) I imderstand
'pecunia.
* The readings are rather doubtful, but the reference is
clearly to Peleus' family.
225
VOL. II. Q
PACUVIUS
171
Servius ad Ae7i., IV, 473 : A Pacuvio Orestes inducitur
Pyladis admonitu propter vitandas Furias ingressus Apollinis
templum, unde cum vellet exire, invadebatur a Furiis.
Nonius, 72, 29 : ' Anxitudo ' . . . —
tristitia atque animi intoleranda anxitudine.
172
Nonius, 470, 22 : * Dignavi ' pro dignatus sum vel dignum
duxi ... —
Hermiona
cum neque me aspicere aequales dignarent meae,
Cp. Serv. auct., ad Aen., XI, 169; Diomed., ap. G.L., I,
401, 7.
173
Nonius, 132, 27 : ' Lamentas ' pro lamentationes ... —
Lamentas fletus facere conpendi licet.
174-5
Varro, L.L., VI, 94 : * PeUexit,' quod in Hermiona, cum ait
Pacuvius —
Orestes
Regni alieni cupiditas
pellexit.
^'2 inspicere Serv.
226
PLAYS
171
Orestes {?), harassed by furies for the murder of Clytaemnestra,
seeks relief :
Servius : Orestes is brought on to the stage by Pacuvius "
m a scene where on the advice of Pylades he entered a temple
of Apollo to avoid the Furies ; when he wished to depart out
of it, he was attacked by the Furies.
Nonius : ' Anxitudo ' . . . —
in sadness and anguish of mind unbearable.
172
Hermiona, grieving over her fate, addresses Orestes :
Nonius : ' Dignavi ' for ' dignatus sum,' or ' dignum duxi '
Hermiona
since my fellow-maidens neither deigned to look
at me,
173
She is reduced to silence :
Nonius : ' Lamentas ' for ' lamentationes ' . . . —
You may make short work of weeping and wailing.
174-5
Dispute between Orestes and Neoptolemus over Hermiona ;
Orestes says Neoptolemus is ambitious for the throne of Lace-
daemon :
Varro : ' Pellexit.' This occurs in Hermiona, where Pacu-
vius says —
Orestes
Lust for another's kingdom lured you on.
« Probably in this play. Cp. Virg., Aen., Ill, 330 &.
q2
PACUVIUS
176
Nonius, 06, 1 : ' Doimilioucni ' . . . —
Neopiolemus
Nam solus Danais hie domutionem dedit.
177
Nonius, 77, 26 : ' Brutum. ' dicitur hobes et obtusum ... —
et obnoxium esse aut brutum aut elinguem putes.
178
Nonius, 316, 20 : ' Geminum. ' rursuni simile ... —
Par fortitude, gemina confidentia.
179-80
Nonius, 392, 15: 'Spissum' significat tardum . . . (393,
3) . . .-
Habet hoc senectus in sese ipsa cum pigra est
spisse ut videantur omnia ei confieri.
181-2
Nonius, 496, 31 : Cum sit ' veretur illam rem ' . . . veteri-
bus genetivum pro accusativo poni placet ... —
'"! rt'f T f'.\
. . . Tyndareo fieri contumeliam,
cuius a te veretur maxime !
^^^ domutionem cdd. domitionem Mr. domutionem
Voss domura itionem Ribb.
^" et obnoxium cdd. sunt qui et sccUid. forlasse ut
179-180 senectus G. omiilant Lii. al. in sese c. p. e. Ribb.
ed. 3 {coni. olim in sed ipsa cum pigrast) in so cum pigra
ipsa sit Bothe ipsa cum pigret Mr. cum pigra est ipsa
cdd. spissa u. v. o. c. Bothe ut ei v. s. c. o. Mr. ut
(ita Gen. al.) spisse omnia videantur confieri cdd. habet
hoc [senectus] in se cum pigra est | ipsa ut videantur confieri
spisse omnia Linds.
^^2 cuius a. t. V. cdd. seclud. a Voss. cuius pater v. Ribb.
228
PLAYS
176
Neoptolemus claims that he alone caused Troy^s fall :
Nonius : ' Domutionem ' . . . —
Neoptolemus
Yes, for this man alone
Gave to the Danai their homecoming.
177
Nonius : ' Brutum ' is a term used for dull and ob-
tuse ... —
And you may think I'm craven ° dull or tongue-
tied.
178
Retort of Orestes ? :
Nonius : ' Gemiuum ' (twin) again means ' like ' . . . —
Equal's his bravery, and his boldness is
A t-Nvin ^ to yours.
179-80
Neoptolemus mocks at Tyndareus ? :
Nonius : Spissum ' (dense, close) means slow ... —
Old age, while it is slothful of itself,
Has this ingrained within it, that all things
Appear to it to be accomplished slowly.
181-2
Orestes protests ? :
Nonius : Although the natural usage would be ' veretur '
with the accusative of the thing feared, . . . the old writers
are content to have the genitive put for the accusative ... —
That outrage should be done to Tyndareus !
Of whom there 's shown the greatest awe by you.
" Or possibly ' a weakling ' (' exposed to harm ').
^ This is according to Nonius' interpretation; otherwise
one might translate ' Equal is your bravery, double is your
boldness.'
229
PACUVIUS
183
Nonius, 97, 1 : ' Discorditas ' pro discordia ... —
Hermiona
quant amque ex discorditate cladem inportem
familiae.
184
Nonius, 280, 22 : ' Dicere ' . . . —
Orestes
Prius data est quam tibi dari dicta aut quam reditum
est Pergamo.
185
Nonius, 234, 23 : ' Aptus ' significat adeptus ... —
Neoptolemus
quod ego in acie celebri obiectans vitam bellando
aptus sum.
186
Nonius, 237, 2 : ' Autumare ' est dicere ... —
Neoptolemus
Quid benefacta mei patris, cuius opera te esse ultum
autumant ?
^85 forlasse quot celebra Bothe celebri Stephanus
crebro Passerat celebro cdd.
230
PLAYS
183
The dispute grows livelier {change of metre) ; Hermiona's
regrets :
Nonius : ' Discorditas' for ' discordia ' . . . —
Hermiona
And what great mischief out of this discordance
I bring into the household.
184
Orestes claims Hermiona :
Nonius : ' Dicere ' . . . —
Orestes
Given was she already as a A^ife
Before she was bespoken to be given
To you, before our hosts' return from Troy.
185
Neoptolemus boasts :
Nonius : ' Aptus ' means the same as ' adeptus ' . . . —
Neoptolemus
WTiich I attained by hazarding my life
In crowded battle-line and warfare.
186
What Orestes owes to Achilles :
Nonius : ' Autumare ' means to say ... —
Neoptolemus
What of the services my father rendered,
Through whose good offices, men say, you did
Accomplish vengeance ?
231
PACUVIUS
187
Eur., Hec.y 816 Treidu) Se rrjv rvpavvov avdpwTToi^ h6vt]v
Nonius, 113, 24 : ' Flexanima ' . . . —
O flexanima at que omnium regina rerum oratio !
Cp. Cic, de Oral., TT, 44, 187; Tusc Disp. II, 21, 47?
Quintil., I, 12, 18.
188
Nonius, 73, 8 : ' Amoliniini ' est recedite vel tollite ... —
. . . non tu te e conspectu hinc amolire ?
189
Nonius, 30, 7 : ' Clepere ' est furari ... —
Sermonem hie nostrum ex occulto clepsit, quantum
intellego.
190
Nonius, 87, 22 : ' Clipeat ' . . . —
Nuntitcs
Currum liquit ; clamide contorta astu clipeat brac-
chium.
Cp. Varr., L.L., V, 7 (clupeat).
191
Servius auct., ad Aen., V, 40 : ' Gratatur.' Quidam grata-
tur non gratulatur sed laetatur aceipiunt. . . . Pacuvius in
Hermiona hoc verbum posuit —
Iho atque edicam frequentes ut eant gratatum
h()s))iii,
2^2
PLAYS
187
The power of eloquence :
Nonius : ' Flexanima ' . . . —
0 you soul-bending queen of all the world,
Eloquence !
188
Dispute :
Nonius : ' Amolimini ' means withdraw or remove . . .
You ! Away, out of sight ! Get you gone !
189
Nonius : ' Clepere ' means to steal ... — •
From in a hiding-place his ears have stolen
Our words, so far as I can comprehend.
190
Murder of Neoptolemns {by Orestes ?) while interfering with
the Delphians :
Nonius : ' Clipeat ' . . . —
Messenger
He left his chariot ; and with his cloak
Cleverly twisted shielded he his arm.
191
A priest goes to thank tJie guardian of their rights :
An augmenter of Servius, on ' gratatur (reduces) ' in Virgil :
' Some take ' gratatur ' not in the sense of ' congratulates,'
but of ' rejoices at ' . . . Pacuvius used this verb in
Hermiona —
1 will go and proclaim that they must come in
crowds to wish their guest joy.
^33
PACUVIUS
192
Nonius, 1 78, 7 : ' Tetinerit ' pro ' tenuerit ' . . . —
Pythia ?
. . . sub iudicio quae omnes Graios tetinerim.
193-4
Nonius, 88, 19 : ' Concorditas ' pro concordia ... —
Concorditatem hospitio adiunctam perpetem
probitate conservetis.
195
Festus, 540, 27 : . . . ' Tagam ' idem in Hermiona —
aut non cernam nisi tagam.
Sine dubio antiqua consuetudine usurpavit.
196
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 400, 22 : ' Moro ' . . . —
Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius.
197-8
Festus, 382, 24: * Re<futare ' significat redargue>re.
Pacuvius in Hermi<ona . . . > —
quas gloria et <(. . . refutant
. . . va)rietas humanum
"^ <tuo> sub Ribb. tuo iudicio Vossius Graios
Mereier grados cdd. omnes tetinerim gradus Vossius
^"5 aut ccZ. at Bothe baud concredamC. F. W. Mr.
" The correction Graios of Mereier is much the best. I
suggest that the only females who could thus speak of the
234
PLAYS
192
Pythia ? establishes lasting friendship hetioeen Argos and
Delphi :
Nonius : ' Tetinerit ' for ' tenuerit.' Pacuvius ... —
Pythia ?
I who have held all Grai ° under judgment.
193-4
Nonius : ' Concorditas ' for ' concordia ' . . . —
Concordance must you all preserve in honour,
With everlasting ties to guesthood linked.
Unplaced fragments :
195
Festus : The same poet has ' tagam ' in Hermiona — ■
Or else I'll not decide unless 1 touch. ^
Without doubt it is by an archaic practice that he used the
word.
196
Diomedes : ' Moro ' . . . —
With few words he broke off, lest he might delay
longer.
197-8
Festus : ' Refutare ' means refute, Pacuvius in Hermiona —
which glory . . . and the variety of human . . .
proves wrong.
Greeks in this plot would be Juno (Hera) who favoured the
Greeks in the Trojan war (and she may be the speaker here
ex machina or pegmate), or the priestess Pythia, on whose
decisions the Greeks often relied. She would be a fitting
arbitratrix in this play.
* Very puzzling. Neoptolemus about to take away the
offerings ?
PACUVIUS
ILIONA
Polydorus was given by his parents Priam and Hecuba to
his sister Iliona the wife of Polymestor king of Thrace, who
reared him secretly as her son ' Deiphilus ' (or Deipylus) while
she pretended that her own son Deiphilus was Polydorus.
After the two boys had grown to manhood, the Greeks, hav-
ing taken Troy, sent messengers to Polymestor to bribe him
to kill Polydorus. Polymestor killed his own son Deiphilus
by mistake. Polydorus learnt that Troy was taken, his
199-201
Festus, 388, 3 : ' Repotia.' Postridie nuptias apud novum
maritum cenatur, quia quasi reficitur potatio. Pacuvius in
Iliona —
ab eo . . .
depulsum mamma paedagogandum accipit
repotiali lacte.
202
Nonius, 87, 28 : ' Cluet,* nominatur ... —
Istaec cluentur hospitum infidelissimae.
*** ab eo cd. ab ea Ribb. is adeo Kiessling {septenar).
20^ repotiali lacte 0. Mr. repotialis S r. Liber
Buecheler appotialis liber (libet ?) cd.
2"2 istaec Linds. sed hi lun. Thraeces coni. Ribb.
est haec Flor. 3 sed haec Lu.G. infidelissimae Linda,
infidissimi Guietus infidelissimi cdd.
" I accept ab eo {sc. Priamo).
236
PLAYS
I LION A
father killed and his mother enslaved. He went home and
found that all was well there. Iliona revealed her secret;
they blinded and killed Polymestor. (Cf. Hygin., Fab., 109,
240.) The story resembles the latter part 6f Euripides'
'EKa^T], but the model of the play is unknown. Cf , R., 232 &.
The action of the play probably begins at a point where
Deiphilus is dead, but Iliona is unaware of the fact. Scene :
in front of Polymestor's palace in the Thracian Chersonesus.
199-201
From the prologue. How Polydorus ivas given to Iliona to be
reared :
Festus : ' Repotia,' ' redrinkings.' This is a dinner held
on the day after a wedding at the newly-wedded husband's
house ; it is so called because as it were the ' drinking ' is
' renewed.' Pacuvius in Iliona — •
Thrust from his mother's breast by Priam," him
She did receive, to rear his babyhood
On milk — milk of redrinking.^
202
Treacherous nature of the Thracians :
Nonius : ' Cluet,' is named ... —
* Most treacherous of hostesses ' are those women
called.
^ The reading being uncertain the meaning also is obscure.
Those who read repotialis Liber with Buecheler may regard
Liber as Thrace (R., 233) ; or as milk, of which Bacchus was
regarded as the creator (R., Trag. Fragm., Corollar., XLIII-
XLIV) ; or as wine drunk by Bacchus (to which this fr. would
then refer) among the Thracians when he was taken from his
mother.
237
PACUVIUS
203-4
Nonius, 75, 8 : ' Adiugare,' adiungere ... —
blandam hortatricem adiugat
voluptatem.
Schol. Bob. ad Cic, Pro Sest., 59, 126 : (Mater, te appello).
. . . Intulit versum de fabula Pacuviana quae sub titulo
Ilione fertur. In ea est quippe argumentum ita dispositum
ut Polydori umbra secundum consuetudinem scaenicorum ab
inferiore aulaei parte procedat et utatur hac invocatione
matris suae, quam sordidatus et lugubri habitu ut solent qui
pro mortuis inducuntur, filius implorabat.
Cp. Horat., S., II, 3, 60; Porphyr. et Acron. ad loc.
205-10
Cicero., Tusc. Disp., 1, 44, 106 : Ecce alius exoritur e terra,
qui matrem dormire non sinat —
UiJibra
Mater, te appello, tu quae curam somno suspense
levas
neque te mei miseret, surge et sepeli natum . . .
Haec cum pressis et flebilis modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam
inferant, concinuntur, difficile est non eos qui inhumati sint
miseros iudicare ; —
. . . priusquam ferae
volucresque. . . .
2<'s tu omm. cdd. pier. suspense, suspensam cdd. Cic.
suspensam Porphyr.
2o« natum <tuum> Bentley
^38
PLAYS
203-4
How Polymestor was tempted by the offering of Electra to be
his zvife :
Nonius : ' Adiugare,' the same as ' adiungere ' . , . —
To it he yokes a charming temptress — Pleasure.
The play. The door of the palace, on being opened, reveals
Iliona asleep 07i her bed. Enter the ghost of Deiphilus the fahe
Poly dor us :
The Scholiast of Bobbio, on ' Mother, it is you I call '
in Cicero's In Defence of Sestius : . . . He has inserted a
line from the play of Pacuvius which goes under the title
Ilionxi. For in it the plot is so constructed that the shade of
Polydorus steps forward, according to the custom of stage-
actors, from the lower portion of the curtain, and uses these
words in calling on his mother. The son proceeded to implore
his mother. He was dressed in the shabby garments of
mourning, as is the custom of those who are brought on the
stage to play the part of dead persons. **
205-10
Cicero : See, another spirit rises up out of the earth, and
will not let his mother sleep —
Ghost
Mother, it is you
I call — you who now lighten your distress
By buoyant sleep, and have no pity on me —
Rise and bury your son. . . .
When these words are chanted to subdued and tearful melodies
so that they may reduce whole audiences to tears, it is hard to
avoid the thought that all who are unburied are wretched ; —
. . . before wild beasts and birds . . .
«* For the mishap of Fufius, who fell into a real sleep when
playing the part of Iliona on a Roman stage, see Horace, S.,
II, 3, 60 and Porph^^rio and Aero ad loc.
239
rAcu\'ius
Metuit ne laceratis mcmbris minus bene utatur ; ne combustis,
non extimescit; —
neu reliquias quaeso meas sieris deniidatis ossibus
per terrain sanie delibutas foede divexarier.
Non intellego quid metuat, cum tarn bonos octonarios fundat
ad tibiam.
Cp. Cic, Pro SesL, 59, 126; .4c., Fr., II, 27, 88; Hor., 8.,
II, 3, 60, et Porphyr., Acron., ad loc.
211
Cic, Ac, Pr., II, 27, 88 : Quid ? Iliona somno illo ' Mater,
te appello ' nonne ita credit filium locutum, ut experrecta
etiam crederet ? Unde enim ilia ? —
Ilio?ia
Age asta ; mane audi ! Itera dum eadem istaec
mihi.
Num videtur minorem habere visis quam vigilantes fidem ?
Cp. Cic, ad Att., XIV, 14, 1 : Tusc. Disp., II, 19, 44.
212
Nonius, 382, 5 : ' Ilimari ' dicitur scrutari, quaererc. . . .
Pacuvius Atalanta. . . . Accius <* * * * Pacuvius> Iliona —
Iliona
aut stagnorum umidorum rimarem loca.
209 vide Rihh., Trag. Fragm., p. 101
2^1 eadem istaec Manutius eadem ista Cic. Tusc, ad Att.
eadem ot ista Ac Pr.
iV^ow., 382 : Accius (Accuiusl/u.) IlioncautoW. Pacu-
vius Roth Iliona ut Mr. Accius Diomede aut coni.
Linds.
240
PLAYS
He fears lest his torn limbs be maltreated; as for maltreat-
ment of them when they are burnt, he has no great dread of
that ;—
and I beg you, let not
My mortal relics, ^^•ith the bones stripped bare.
Be smeared in stinking gore along the ground,
And mauled asunder.
I don't understand what he is afraid of, since to the accom-
paniment of a flute he pours out a stream of such fine eight-
footers.
211
Iliona wakes ; exit ghost :
Cicero : Well ! Did not Iliona, in that slumber of hers,
believe so strongly that her son spoke to her the words * Mother,
it is you I call ' . . . that she believed it still when she had
woken up ? How else can we account for the following ? —
Iliona
Come, stay, wait, listen! Oh ! I pray repeat
A little while those very words !
She seems surely to have no less faith in what she saw than
persons awake have.
212
She sends a search-party along the sea-shore :
Nonius : ' Rimari ' is a term for ' to search, seek ' . . .
Pacuvius ... in Atalanta. . . . Accius ***** Pacu-
vius •* in Iliona —
Iliona
or that I might have the nooks of watery swamps
explored.
" I suggest that a quotation from Accius has dropped out,
for if this fr, had been added by Nonius immediately after the
one from Atalanta which precedes it, Nonius would probably
(according to his normal rule) have put idem Iliona. There is
no evidence that Accius wrote an Iliona.
241
VOL. II. R
PACUMUS
213
Nonius, 359, 2 : ' Offendere,' invenire ... —
Polydorus
quos ego ita ut volui offendo incolumis.
214
Nonius, 16, 14 : ' Lactare ' est inducere vel raulgere, vellere,
decipere ... —
Iliona
ne porro te error, qui nunc lactat, maceret.
215-17
Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 58, 219 : Aliud . . . vocis genus sibi
sumat . . . molestia; sine commiseratione grave quoddam
et uno pressu ac sono obductum —
Iliona
Qua tempestate Helenam Paris innuptis iunxit
nuptiis,
ego turn gravida expletis iam fere ad pariendum
mensibus,
per idem tempus Polydorum Hecuba partu postremo
parit.
Cp. Cic, OraL, 49, 164.
Soph., Oed. Tyr., 1214 aya/iov ya^ov ; Eur., Hel., 690.
215-17 ij-ii)^ Pq^ < Ilion.' Welcker tempestate Helenam
Paris L t.P. H.crfc?. iere cdd. fui Bothe fere eram
Halm
242
PLAYS
213
Polydorus called ' Deiphilus ' is astonished to find his parents
unharmed :
Nonius : ' Offendere (hit upon, meet with),' to find . . .
Polydorus
whom I hit upon unharmed, just as I wished.
214
Iliona reveals the truth to him :
Nonius : ' Lactare (dupe) ' means to lead on or coax,
' fleece,' cheat ... —
Iliona
So that the error which at present dupes you
May fret you thus no longer.
215-17
Cicero : Let annoyance claim for itself another kind of
voice — a heavy kind which makes no attempt to suggest pity,
and further overcast by a uniform tone and pressure — "
Iliona
At that season
When Paris joined Helen to a marriage —
No marriage that ! — and I myself was big
With child, the sum of months being nigh fulfilled
For me to give it birth, in that same time
Did Hecuba give birth to Polydorus
In her last travail.
« sc. of the lips; cf. Cic, de Or., Ill, 11, 43. The fr. comes
very probably from Pacuvius' Iliona. R., 236.
243
r2
PACUVIUS
218-19
Nonius, 97, 13 : 'Danunt,' dant . . . — ■
J lion a
Di me ctsi perdunt, taiiien esse adiutam expetunt
quom prius quam intereo spatium ulciscendi danunt.
Cp. Non., 104, 5.
220-1
Festus, 268, 10 : * Perpetem ' pro perpetuo dixcrunt poetae
Ilio?ia
Fac ut coepisti hanc operam mihi des perpetem ;
oculos transaxim !
222
Nonius, 505, 11 : ' Sonunt ' etiam inde manavit. Ennius
. . <Pacuvius> Iliona —
Folymestor ?
Ibo ad earn ut sciscam quid velint.
Iliona ?
Valvae sonunt.
221 oculos transaxim Ribb. (transaxim 0. Mr.) oculis
traxerim cd.
Nan., 505 : Pacuvius suppl. lun.
222 velint cdd. velit ed. frinc.
244
PLAYS
218-19
Iliona desires revenge on Polymestor :
Nonius : ' Danunt,' the same as ' dant ' . . . — -
Iliona
The Gods destroy me, yet desire that I
Receive their help, since they before I perish
Do grant me time for vengeance.
220-1
Polydorus (Deiphilus) has promised his help :
Festus : ' Perpes ' is a term which the poets used for ' per-
petuus ' . . . —
Ilio?ia
See that, as you have now begun this service,
You everlastingly perform it for me —
May I gash out his eyes ! '^
222
Polymestor is lured by Iliona into the palace ?
Nonius : ' Sonunt.' This form is also derived from that
verb (<sc. ' sonere '). Ennius. . . . Pacuvius in Iliona. —
Polymestor ?
I'll go to her to inquire what is their wish. . [knocks]
Iliona ? {within ?)
There's a noise at the doors.
° The reading here is uncertain. If oculis is right, perhaps
a line has dropped out.
245
PACUVIUS
223
Nonius, 470, 9 : ' Altercas ' . . . —
}
Cur inlaqueetur hie ?
Iliona
Mecum altercas ? Tace !
224
Festus, 375, fin. : ' Ungulus ' Oscorum lingua anulua ... —
Iliona
Repugnanti ego porro hunc vi detraxi unguium.
225
Nonius, 183, 21 : ' Unose,' simul ... —
* Occidisti, ut multa paucis verba, unose obnuntiem.*
226
Nonius, 475, 32 : ' Poti ' pro potiri ... —
Usi honore credo Achivi hunc sceptrum patientur
poti.
No7i.,4:70 : Altercas. est etpassivum Quich., Linds. alter-
cata est passivum cdd.
2" inlaquetur (ill-) cdd. cur ilia quae tu hie Delrio
22* usi honore G.l usi (h)onere cdd. tu si conere
Mercier usione coni. Linds. Achivi hunc Buecheler
alii alia adhuic odd.
246
PLAYS
223
Polymestor is seized :
Nonius : ' Altercas ' . . . —
?
Why should this man be emmeshed ?
lliona
You bandy words
With me ? Be silent !
224
lliona describes her revenge on Polymestor :
Festus : ' Ungulus ' in the Oscan tongue means a ring
lliona
As he fought back, I further pulled from him
This finger-ring with violence.
225
Nonius : ' Unose,' at the same time ... —
' To make a long story short, I'll tell you in one
word : " you are ruined.' ^
226
Polydorus {Deiphilus) will be alloived to gain the realm ? :
Nonius : ' Poti ' for ' potiri ' . . . —
I think the Achivi will do honourably
And suffer him to gain the royal sceptre.
" In spite of Nonius, I take the adverb unose thus. The
word occurs here only.
^ Perhaps, however, it is ' occidisti ' and so the fr. would be
a comment spoken to lliona.
247
PACUVIUS
227
Nonius, 98, 12 : ' Dignet,' dignos putet ... —
Quis deos infernos, quibus caelestis dignet decorare
hostiis ?
228
Nonius, 98, 14 : ' Debiliter,' debilitate. Paeuvius —
Miseret me, lacrimis lingua debiliter stupet.
229
Nonius, 124, 24 : ' Inibi ' pro sic et mox. . . . Paeuvius
Iliona —
Profecto aut inibi est aut iam potiuntur Phrugum.
230
Festus, 568, 19 : ' Vecors ' est turbati ac mali cordis . . . —
paelici superstitiosae cum vecordi eoniuge.
MEDUS
Medus, son of Medea and Aegeus king of Athens, was
stranded on the coast of Colchis by a storm while seeking his
mother, and pretended to be Hippotes, son of Creon. Perses,
son of the sun-god and brother of Aeetes, fearing an oracle
which warned him to dread the vengeance of Aeetes' descend-
ants, imprisoned Medus. The land was seized by famine;
Medea came and pretended to be a priestess of Diana and able
to expiate the dearth. Hearing that Perses was holding
Hippotes, Creon's son, she thought that he had come to
avenge the wrong done to Creon by her, and told Perses it
229 aut iam Flor. 3 tarn iam cdd.
<* sc. Polymestor, conscience-stricken ? R., 236.
248
PLAYS
227
Unplaced fragments. Some atonement :
Nonius : ' Dignet,' thinks ' digni,' worthy ... —
But with what victims would he ° w^orthy deem
The gods in heaven and the gods below
To be provided ?
228
The folloicing fragment may well belong to this play : ^
Nonius : ' Debiliter,' with ' debilitas.' Pacuvius — •
I'm full of pity, and my tongue's benumbed,
Umierved, by tears.
229
References to the fall of Troy :
Nonius : ' Inibi (there, nearby),' for ' thus ' and ' soon.'
. . . Pacuvius in Iliona —
The event is either near at hand for sure,
Or else they're masters of the Phrygians now.
230
Festus : ' Veeors ' means of a troubled and sick ' cor,'
wit ... —
to a prophetic mistress ^ with a lackwit consort.^
MEDUS
was Medus (without knowing this was true) sent by Medea
to kill Perses. Could she therefore kill him ? Medus, when
led out to the tender mercies of Medea, was recognised by her;
she asked to converse with him, gave him a sword, and told
him to avenge his grandfather. Medes kills Perses, obtains
the kingdom, and names it Media (Hygin., Fab., 27). Cf. R.,
318 ff.
Scene, Colchis. Chorus of companions of Medus ? Cicero
{de Nat. Deor., Ill, 19, 48) says that in Pacuvius Medea's
brother was called Aegialeus.
^ It is quoted by Nonius immediately after line 227.
" Cassandra, mistress of Agamemnon.
^ Clytaemnestra ? or (as a masculine) Agamemnon ?
249
PACUVIUS
231
Festus, 538, 28 : <' Tonsillam ' ait> esse Verrius palum
dolatum <in acumen et> cuspide praeferratum, ut existimat, . . .
quern coiifigi in litore navis religandae causa. Pacuvius in
INIedo—
Medus
Access! . . . Aeam et tonsillam pegi laeto in litore.
Cp. Priscian., ap. G.L., II, 523, 19.
232-3
Charisius, ap. G.L., I., 102, 20 : ' Heres,' ' parens,' ' homo '
. . . maseulino genere semper dicuntur. . . . Pacuvius in
Medo, cum ostenderet a Medo matrem quaeri . . . —
Mechts
te, Sol, invoco,
inquirendi ut mei parentis mihi potestatem duis.
234-5
Censorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 614, 2 : Aristophanius anapaes-
tus —
Axena Ponti per freta Colchos denique delatus ad-
haesi,
. . . implet pedes septem et semipedem. Anapaestus octon-
arius —
Ore beato lumine volitans, qui per caelum candidus
equitas,
recipit eosdem pedes praeter semipedem.
231 Aeam Bergk Aeaeam Buecheler Aean 0. Mr.
accessi ad cam Ursin. a. ad. terram Bothe access
****** cam cd. tosillam Fest. tonsillam vel sim.
Prise. laeto Fest. laevo vel levo odd. Prise, (clivo
Erl.) lecto Bergk saevo Scriverius
232-3 constit. Bothe t. s. i. u. m. p. d. i. m. p. cd.
23*-5 trih. Pac. ' Med.' Welcker reicil Mr.
235 ore cdd. Hore S Ore {sc. Apollo) Bothe orte
L clare Buecheler
250
PLAYS
231
Enter Medus with his companions :
Festus : ' Tonsilla.' According to Verrius a stake hewn to
a point and, he thinks, tipped with an iron prong. He says
that it is fixed on shore for mooring a ship. Pacuvius in
Medus
I came to Aea ° and drove the mooring-stake
In a pleasant beach.
232-3
He calls on the sun-god for help to find his mother :
Charisius : ' Heres,' ' parens,' ' homo ' . . . are always
used in the masculine gender. . . . Thus Pacuvius in Medus
when he was representing how Medus was seeking his mother
Medus
Thee, Sun, I call on, that thou grant me power
To seek my parent out.
234-5
Chorus (or Medus ?) on their present fortunes ; they join in
Medus'' prayer :
Censorinus : The Aristophanic anapaest —
Among the Colchians across the inhospitable seas
of Pontus I came to land at last and there I clung,
. . . occupies seven feet and a half. The eight-footed
anapaest —
Thou who with happy face aglow dost flit, dost ride
all blazing white across the sky,^
takes up the same number of feet less half a foot.
" Although the gap in Festus' text might justify the
reading Aeaea, surely Aea (Colchis) must be what Pacuvius
wrote.
^ Possibly invented by Censorinus, but the words seem to
fit well into this scene, R., 320.
PACUVIUS
236
Nonius, 324, 24 : ' Ilico ' significat statim, mox ... —
Medus
Repudio auspicium ; regrediundum est ilico.
237
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 133, 2 : 'Is eius ei eum ' vel ' im,'
numero plurali ' is,' ut est locutus Pacuvius in Medo —
Perses
Ques sunt is ?
Ignoti nescioques ignobiles.
Cp. Charis., ap. G.L., I, 91, 19; Prise, ap. G.L., III, 9, 16.
238
Nonius, 73, 20 : ' Abiugat,' separat, alienat ... —
Perses
Quae res te ab stabulis abiugat ?
Medus
Certum est loqui.
239
Nonius, 467, 23 : ' Vagas ' pro vagaris ... —
Perses
Quid tandem ? Ubi ea est ? Quod receptat se ?
Medus
Exul ineerta vagat.
2'* auspicium cdd, hospitium Heinsius (N.)
-^^ ignobiles add. ex Charis. (J.L., I, 91
23* quod cdd. quo Mercier receptat se W re-
ceptat cdd. alii alia
252
PLAYS
236
Medus is discouraged, by bad signs ? :
Nonius : * Ilico ' (forthwith) means at once, soon ... —
Medus
I disdain the omen ; forthwith I must retrace my
steps.
237
Medus and his followers are found by Perses' royal guard, who
report to Perses :
Charisius : ' Is eius ei eum' or ' im,' in the plural number
' is,' according to the usage of Pacuvius in Medus —
Perses
Who are they ?
?
Unknown men, ignoble nobodies.
238
Medus is brought before Perses :
Nonius : ' Abiugat (disyokes),' separates, estranges ... —
Perses
What is it that from house and home disyokes you ?
Medus
It's my resolve to tell you.
239
Medus, pretending he is Hippotes, Creon's son, stirs in
Perses the memory of Medea's crimes :
Nonius : ' Vagas ' for ' vagaris ' . . . —
Perses
What then ? Where is she ? Whither has she
betaken herself?
Medus
She roams a wanderer on unknown ways.
253
PACUVIUS
240
Nonius, 77, 16 : ' Baetere,' id est ire . . . —
Medus
Si resto, pergit ut earn, si ire conor, prohibet baetere !
241
Diomedes, ap. G.L., II, 382, 14 : ' Attingo ' . . . sine n
littera dictum . . . ut Pacuvius in Medo —
Perses
Custodite istunc vos, ne vim qui adtolat neu qui
adtigat.
Cp. Non., 246, 4.
242
Cicero de Inv., I, 19, 27 : Fabula est in qua nee verae nee
veri similes res continentur, cuiusmodi est —
Angues ingentes alites iuncti iugo.
Cp. Victorin., ad loc. ; Ciceron., de Rep., Ill, 9, 14 : . . . illo
Pacuviano . . . alitum anguium curru.
243
Nonius, 506, 15 : ' Fulgere ' correpte pro fulgere ... —
linguae bisulcae actu crispo fulgere.
2*" pergit, ut cam Mercier porgit u. e. Ribb. percit
coni. Mr. pergitur eam cdd.
^*^ istunc Ribb. hunc Diom. istum Non. at-
tollat vel adtollat cdd. Non. attulat Diom. neu
qui Non. om. qui Diom.
^** bisulcae Faber (N.) bisulcis cdd. actu cdd. iactu
Faber
254
PLAYS
240
Perses hesitates to arrest the strangers :
Nonius : ' Baetere ' (to step), that is, to go . . . —
Medus
If I stand still, he then proceeds to say
I must go on ; and if I try to go,
He hinders me from stepping on !
241
Perses at last arrests Medus :
Diomedes : ' Attingo ' . . . used without an n . . . for
example Pacuvius in Medus —
Perses
Guard you this man ; lest any offer him
Some violence or lay hands on him.
242
A famine falls on the land. A messenger ? describes the coming
of Medea in her air-borne chariot :
Cicero : A fable is something which contains things which
are neither true nor probable, like the following —
Huge winged snakes yoked to a chariot's yoke.*
243
Nonius : ' Fulgere ' with a short e for ' fulgere ' . . . —
forked tongues flashed with flickering throb.
" Cicero also speaks of ' Pacuvius' famous chariot of winged
snakes' [de Re Publ., Ill, 9, 14). Cp. Varro, Marcipor, ap.
Non., 451, 15 dixe regi Medeam advectam per aera in reda
anguibus, where the words per a. i. r. a. might be words from
this narrative.
PACUVIUS
244-5
Priscianus, ap. (?.L., II, 87, 15 : Vetustissimi tamen com-
parativis huiuscemodi sunt usi ... —
mulier egregissima
forma
246
Nonius, 178, 7 : ' Tetinerit ' pro tcnuerit ... —
Chorus
Cedo quorsum itiner tctinisse aiunt ?
247
Serv. auct., ad Aen., XI, 543 : . . . (Camillo) significant
deorum praeministnim, unde Vergilius bene ait Metabum
Camillam appellasse filiam, scilicet Dianae ministram. Nam
et Pacuvius in Medo cum de Medea loqueretur —
Chorus
Caelitum Camilla, expectata advenis. Salve, hos-
pital
Cp. Macrob., 8., Ill, 8, 7.
248
Nonius, 74, 21 : ' Averruncare,' averterc ... —
Medea
Possumi ego istam capite cladem averruncassere.
" I assign this fr. to the chorus because of the metre.
^ Cf. R., 321-2. As it stands, the fr. could be taken
as ... • longed for by newcomers. Hail, 0 our hostess ! '
256
PLAYS
244-5
Priscian : Still the oldest writers used comparatives of this
kind {sc. piior, arduior) ... —
a woman of beautifuUest form
246
The Chorus " converses with Mediis about Medea :
Nonius : ' Tetinerit ' for ' tenuerit ' . . . —
Chorus
Come, whither, say they, did she wend her way ?
247
The chorus greets Medea who is pretending to be Diana^s
priestess : ''
Servius, on ' Casmillae ' and ' Camillam ' in Virgil : By
Camillus they mean attendant of the gods, so that Virgil well
says that Metabus called his daughter Camilla, that is to say,
a waiting-maid to Diana. For Pacuvius also wrote, when he
was speaking of Medea in Medus, —
Chorus
Chaste handmaid of the heavenly gods, most
longed-for
Is this your coming. Welcome O our guest !
248
But she can and will cause the gods to free Perses from his
danger,'^ and the land from its famine :
Nonius : ' Averruncare ' (uproot ?), to avert ... —
Medea
I can uproot that mischief from your person.
'^ sc. of vengeance at the hands of Aeetes* descendants. See
notice on p. 248 ; averruncassere is an old future infinitive of
averruncare.
257
VOL. II. S
PACUVIUS
249
Nonius, 170, 15 : ' Sempiterne ' . . . —
populoque ut faustum sempiterne sospitent.
Cp. Xon., 176, 5.
250
Festus, 436, 2 : ' Super ' . . . ponitur etiam pro de, Graeca
consuetudine, ut illi dicunt vn^p ... —
Perses
Qua super re interfectum esse dixisti Hippotem ?
251
Festus, 226, 29 : ' Ostentum ' non solum pro portento poni
solere, sed etiam participialiter . . . testimonio est Pacuvius
in Medo —
Medea
Atque eccum in ipso tempore ostentum senem.
252
Schol. ad Aen., V, 93 : * Altaria ' . . . —
Aeetes
vitam propagans exanimis altaribus.
25" dixisti H. Mr. Hippotem d. cd. qua s. red i.
<tu> e. d. H. Ribb.
252 exanimis Ribb. ex aris et Mai ex novis coni.
Ribb. exanin. cd.
PLAYS
249
Nonius : ' Sempiterne ' . . . —
That they may save it ^' everlastingly
And make it prosperous for the people's sake.
250
Medea unknowingly tells Perses the truth — that it is Medus
he has arrested and Hippotes is dead. Perses asks :
Festus : ' Super ' ... is even put for ' de,' by a usage of
the Greeks, just as they employ v-nlp . . .
Perses
You said that Hippotes was killed ; on what reason
this?
251
Medea sees Aeetes approaching :
Festus : ' Ostentum.' That this word is used not only for
a portent but also as a participle . . . Pacuvius is a witness
in Medus —
Medea
Why, see him ! There in the very nick of time
The old man is disclosed.
252
Aeetes, not recognising 3Iedea, tells * her of his sufferings :
A scholiast : ' Altaria ' . . . —
Aeetes
Prolonging life from lifeless altar-ledges.
" so. regnum ?
* I suggest this context; the altaria would be exanima
because slain offerings were laid on them. But the fr. may
refer to the general famine.
259
S2
PACUVIUS
253-6
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., Ill, 12, 26 : Quid ? Ilium filium Soils
nonne patris ipsius luce indignum putas ? —
Refugere oculi, corpus macie extabuit;
lacrimae peredere umore exsanguis genas ;
situm inter oris barba pedore horrida
intonsa infuscat pectus inluvie scabrum.
Haec mala, o stultissime Aeeta, ipse tibi addidisti; non
inerant in eis quae tibi casus invexerat . . . sed maeres vide-
licet regni desiderio, non filiae. Illam enim oderas, et iure
fortasse; regno non aequo animo carebas.
257
Nonius, 197, 28 : ' Quis ' et generi feminino attribui posse
veterum auctoritas voluit . . . Pacuvius —
Aeeies
Quis tu es mulier quae nie insueto nuncupasti
nomine ?
Cp. Pompei., ap. G.L., V, 206, 27; Varr., L.L., VI, 60 (. . .
tern in Medo), al.
258^9
Nonius, 6, 21 : ' Calvitur ' dictum est frustratur ... —
Medea
Sentio, pater, te vocis calvi similitudine.
253-6 irib. Pac. ' 3Ied: Welcker
255 situm inter oris L situm vide oris Bothe situst
in ore Davis alii alia situ nitoris cdd. opt. situ
intoris Mon. b. situ mucoris, s. in decoris, s. victoris
cett.
" 8C. Aeetes.
^ This fr. does not conform to the plot of Ennius' Medea
{Remains of Old Latin, Vol. I, pp. 310 ff.)> nor does it suit
260
PLAYS
253-6
Cicero : Well, that child " of the Sun, do you not think him
unworthy of the light of his own father ? — •
Hollow sank my eyes,
My body pined away in leanness ; tears
With damp drops ate away my bloodless cheeks ;
Amidst the filth upon my face a beard,
That bristled out unshorn and stained with grime,
Darkened my scurfy and dirt-suUied breast.^
These troubles, Aeetes, you most foolish man, you heaped
upon yourself. There were among them none which accident
had brought upon you . . . but we must suppose your grief
springs from longing for your kingdom, not for your daughter.
For her you hated, and rightly perhaps ; as for your kingdom,
you could not do without that and have an easy mind.
257
Medea addressed him as ^father '; surprise of Aeetes :
Nonius : ' Quis.' The authority of the old writers has seen
fit that this word should be assignable to the feminine as well
as to the masculine gender. . . . Pacuvius — ■
Aeetes
Who are you, woman, who have called me thus
By an unwonted name ?
258-9
Aeetes believes Medea is his son Aegialeus (Absyrtus) ; Medea
explains his mistake ; Aeetes looks closer arid recognises her :
Nonius : ' Calvitur ' (tricks) is a term used for deceives
Medea
Father, I perceive
It is the likeness of my voice that tricks you.
Accius' Medea (Vol. II, pp. 456 ff.). The attribution, therefore,
to this play of Pacuvius is probably right.
261
PACUVIUS
Aeetes
Sed quid conspicio ? Num me lactans calvitur aetas ?
260
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., IV, 32, 69 : Quid ait ex tragoedia prin-
ceps ille Argonautarum , . . {Enn., ' MecW 286). Quid ergo ?
Hie amor Medeae quanta miserianim excitavit ineendia !
Atque ea tamen apud alium poetam patri dicere audet se
coniugem habuisse —
Medea
ilium Amor quern dederat, qui plus pollet potiorque
est patre.
261-3
Auctor, ad Herenn., II, 25, 40 : Item vitiosum est, cum id
quod in aperto delicto positum est tamen aliqua tegitur
defensione, hoc mode —
Medea
Cum te expetebant omnes florentissimo
regno, reliqui ; nunc desertum ab omnibus
summo periclo sola ut restituam paro.
258-9 et Flor. 3 {in marg.) ? om. cdd.
<* Not Ennius, therefore ; and the incident did not come in
Accius' Medea (see pp. 456 ff.). Thus this other poet woiild be
Pacuvius, and the play would be Medus.
262
PLAYS
and —
Aeetes
. . . Why, what is this I see ?
Surely it's not my age that dupes and tricks me ?
260
Medea excuses herself to Aeetes for her desertion of him when
she gave herself to Jason :
Cicero : What says the renowned leader of the Argonauts
in tragedy ? . . . {see Ennius, Med., Remains of Old Latin,
Vol. I, pp. 322-3). . . . What then ? That love of Medea—
what a blaze of miseries it roused ! And yet in the work of
another " poet she dares to tell her father that she had for a
husband —
Medea
him Mhom Love had given, who is more powerful
and stronger than a father.
261-3
She claims that she now comes as Aeetes^ avenger :
The author of To Herennius : Again there is a fault when
that which stands self-revealed as a crime is none the less
cloaked by some defence, in this manner —
Medea
When all men sought you out, while yet your
throne
Did flourish greatly, I deserted you ;
But now that you forsaken are by all,
In greatest peril, I alone prepare
A plan whereby I can restore you.^
* Here again, these words, obviously spoken by Medea, suit
neither Ennius' nor Accius' Medea.
263
PACUVIUS
264
Nonius, 79, 5 : ' Bount ' dictum a boum mugitibus ... —
Xuntius
Clamore et sonitu colles resonantes bount.
265
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 36 : ' Diversi circumspiciunt ' ... —
diversi circumspicimus, horror percipit.
NIPTRA
Ulysses had been told by a prophecy that he would die by
a son's hand ; therefore on reaching Ithaca he adopted a dis-
guise in order to avoid Telemachus his son. Only his old nurse
Euryclea recognised him, through a foot-bath in his possession.
Telegonus a son of Circe by L^lysses, sent by his mother to
find his father, was driven to Ithaca by a storm, and wasted
the fields to obtain food. He went to Ulysses' dwelling by
night, but the sentinels refused to admit him. An altercation
led to violence, and Ulysses, thinking that Telegonus was
Telemachus, fought with him. Telegonus wounded Ulysses
266-8
Homerus, Od., XIX, 386 ; 467 s.
Gellius, II, 26, 13 : Pacuvius aquam ' flavam ' dixit et
' fulvum * pulverem ; cuius versus, quoniam sunt iucundis-
sirai, libens commemini —
Euryclea
Cedo tuum pedem mi, lymphis flavis fulvum ut pul-
verem
manibus isdem, quibus Ulixi saepe permulsi, abluam
lassitudinemque minuam manuum mollitudine.
2^^ pedem add. Peerlkamp
264
PLAYS
264
A messenger tells of the murder of Perses and the restoration of
Aeetes ; rejoicings of the people ? :
Nonius : ' Bount.' The word is derived from bovine
lowing ... —
Messenger
The hills re-echoing lowed '\\ith clamorous noise.
265
The horror of the murder :
Macrobius, on ' They look all round, turning this way and
that ' in Virgil : . . . —
Turning this way and that we look all round ;
A shuddering seizes us.
THE WASHING
mortally with the fish's prickle which his mother Circe had
given him to adorn his spear. After Telegonus found out
whom he had killed, he sorrowed greatly. He and Telemachus
and Penelope at Minerva's orders carried Ulysses dead to
Circe on Aeaea Island, and buried him there.
Model : vSophocles' NtTrrpa or 'OSvoaevs 'AKavdonXi]^ (Cic,
Tusc. Disp., II, 21, 48), based on that part of the Odyssey
called NtTTTpa because of the recognition of Odysseus by his
nurse when she washed him {Od., XIX). Scene : Before the
king's palace in Ithaca. Cf. Ribb., 270 S.
266-8
Eurydea washes Ulysses'' feet :
GeUius : Pacuvius called water ' flava ' (yellow), and dust
' fulvus ' (tawny) ; I am glad I can quote his verses, since they
are very charming —
Euryclea
Give me your foot, that in yellow water I may wash
away the tawny dust with these same hands with
which I often stroked Ulysses' ; and with the softness
of my hands let me soothe your weariness.
265
PACUVIUS
269
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., V, 16, 46 : Haec quae sunt minima,
tamen bona dicantur necesse est, candiduli dentes, venusti
oculi, color suavis, et ea quae Anticlea laudat Ulixi pedes
abluens —
Lenitudo orationis, mollitudo corporis
Cp. Non., 132, 6.
270
Nonius, 375, 4 : ' Pariter,' similiter. . . . Pacuvius
Niptris —
UlLves
Pariter te esse erga ilium video ut ilium ted erga scio.
271
Festtis, 268, 29 : ' Perpetrat,' peragit, perficit ... —
Spartam reportare instat, id si perpetrat.
272
OcZ., IX, 216; cp. 106 5., 182.
Nonius, 222, 25 : ' Specus ' . . . feminino ... —
Inde Aetnam montem advenio in scruposam specum.
Cf. Schol. Bern. Hag., 102; Priscian., ap. G.L., II, 160, 5.
Cic, Tusc. Disp. : Anticlea cdd. Euryclea edd. vett.
Non., 375 : Niptra cdd.
2^" ted Vossius te cdd. illunc erga te {vel te e.)
Umpfenbach
^'^ reportare 0. Mr. reportari Lindemann reponere
vel repedare S deponere Bothe reponare cd.
Non., 222 : Accius Niptris cdd. Pacuvius Prise.
" Or explains how she has recognised him (cf. Homer, Od.,
XIX, 474-5). If so, this fr. should come after the next.
266
PLAYS
269
She sees <• a likeness to Ulysses :
Cicero : Little white teeth, fine eyes, fresh complexion, and
the things which Anticlea ^ praises as she washes Ulysses'
feet —
The gentleness of your speech, the softness of your
body
— such insignificant things as these must yet be called good.
270
Ulysses alludes to himself :
Nonius: 'Pariter' (equally), similarly. . . . Pacuvius in T^e
Washing — •
Uli/sses
I see that you feel towards him equally with the
feelings which I know he has towards you.
271
Eurydea recognises him by a scar ; Ulysses tells how Menelaus
brought Helen back to Sparta :
Festus : ' Perpetrat,' carries through, performs ... — •
He is bent on bearing her back to Sparta, if he can
accomplish this.
272
How he came to Polyphemus'' cave :
Nonius ' Specus ' ... in the feminine ... —
Then I came to a rugged cavern in Mount Aetna.
* Cicero, or tradition in his time, has apparently made a
mistake; the person who washed Ulysses' feet was his nurse
Euryclea, not Anticlea, who was his mother, and dead by that
time. However, tradition may have varied, because on an
old vase of Chiusi it is one Antiphata who washes Ulysses'
feet. Cf. R., 272-4.
267
PACUVIUS
273-4
Od., IX, 187 s.
Gellius, XII, 30, 2 : Pacuvius, in tragoedia quae Niptra
inscribitur, faciem dixit hominis pro corporis longitudine —
aetate Integra
feroci ingenio, facie procera virum.
Cp. Non., 52, 26.
275-6
Od., X, 23o s.
Servius auct., ad Aen., V, 28 : ' Flecte ' . . . significat
muta, ut Pacuvius —
. . . quae
meum venenis flexit socium pectora.
277-8
Od., V, 243 s. ; XII, 420 s.
Festus, 508, 33 : ' Serilia ' Verrius appellari putat navigia
Histrica ac Liburnica, quae lino ac sparto condensantur, a
conserendo et contexendo dicta, quia dicat Pacuvius in
Niptris —
Nec ulla subscus cohibet compagem alvei,
sed suta lino et sparteis serilibus ;
cum TT€pL<f}paariKa)s et ficto vocabulo usus sit pro funiculis, qui
sparto conseruntur.
Cp. Test., 440, 29; Paul., ex F., 441, 10.
279
Ulixes
Vos hinc defensum patriam in pugnam baetite.
2" aetate inquit Gell. "s-e ij-ij,^ ' Niptr: Bothe
Non., 77 : Niptra odd.
268
PLAYS
273-4
Description of Polyphemus ? :
Gellius : Pacuvius, in the tragedy which is entitled The
Washing, used ' fades ' for the tallness of a man's body.
He says —
... A man in life's full prime,
And fierce in disposition, tall in feature.
275-6
How Ulysses fared with Circe :
■ The augmenter of Servius, on ' flecte ' in Virgil : ' Flecte '
(bend, warp) . . . means change ; for example Pacuvius — "
She who with poisons warped my comrades' hearts.
277-8
How * Ulysses built a raft ivhen he ivas on Ogygia with
Calypso :
Festus : ' Serilia.' Verrius thinks that this is a name given
to Istrian and Liburnian ships whose grain is thickened with
flax and broom ; and that the name is derived from ' consero '
and ' contexo.' His reason for believing this is that Pacuvius
says in The Washing —
and no tenon held fast the framework of the hull,
but it was sewn with flax and plaitage of broom ;
whereas it was a coined word which Pacuvius used, as a peri-
phrastic turn, for ropes which are entwined, ' conseruntur,'
out of broom,
279
Telegonus at Ulysses^ palace by night ; Ulysses orders his
house-servants to defend him.
Nonius : ' Baetere,' that is, to go . . . —
Ulysses
You must go hence to battle, to defend
Your native land.
" In this play no doubt.
* Or possibly the fr. describes the raft on which Ulysses first
reached Ogygia.
269
PACUVIUS
280-91
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 21, 48 : Non nirais in Niptris ille
sapientissimus Graeciae saucius lamentatur vel modice
potius —
Uliies
Pedetemptim et sedato nisu
ne succussu arripiat maior
dolor.
Pacuvius hoc melius quam Sophocles ; apud ilium enira per-
quam flebiliter Ulixes lamentatur in vulnere; tamen huic'
leniter gementi illi ipsi, qui ferunt saucium, personae gravi-
tatem intuentes non dubitant dicere —
Chorus
Tu quoque, Ulixes, quamquam graviter
cernimus ictum, nimis paene animo es
moUi, qui consuetus in armis 285
aevom agere . . .
Intellegit poeta prudens ferendi doloris consuetudinem esse
non contemnendam magistram. Atque ille non immoderate
magno in dolore —
Ulixes
Retinete, tenete ! Opprimit ulcus !
Nudate ! Heu ! miserum me excrucior !
Incipit labi ; deinde ilico desinit —
Operite ; abscedite iamiani ;
Mittite, nam attrectatu et quassu 290
saevum amplificatis dolorem.
Videsne ut obmutuerit non sedatus corporis, sed castigatus
animi dolor ?
Cp. Charis., ap. G.L., I, 214, 10 (280).
280 pedemptim inquit Cic. ac CJiaris. ite et Cic.
28^ arrepat Maehly
270
PLAYS
280-91
Ulysses is mortally wounded by Telegonus :
Cicero : In The Washing the wisest hero of Greece laments
not too much ; rather should we say moderately. Says he —
Ulysses
Step by step, with gentle strain, lest by a jolt a
greater pain should grip me.
Pacuvius puts this better than Sophocles ; for in the latter's
play Ulysses laments very tearfully over his wound; still,
in the case of Pacuvius' hero the very persons who carry him
wounded, having an eye to the dignity of his character, do not
hesitate to say to him, as he groans softly —
Chorus
You too, Ulysses, though we see you sore stricken,
are almost too soft in spirit, you who, accustomed to
live life-long under arms . . .
The wise poet understands that the habit of bearing pain
is an instructress not to be scorned. And then Ulysses, not
immoderately, in great pain, says —
Uli/sses
Hold back, hold ! The sore overwhelms me !
Lay it bare ! Ah ! Poor me, I am in torture !
He begins to lose hold on himself ; then at once he pulls up —
Cover it ; and now withdraw. Let me alone, for by
handhng and jolting you increase the cruel pain.
Do you see how it is not the pain of his body which has been
soothed and silenced, but the pain of his soul which has been
chastised and silenced ?
285 consueris Bentley.
28' opprimit Voss. opprimite cdd.
271
PACUVIUS
292-3
Nonius, 40, 26 : * Infabre,' foede, ut est affabre pulchre
Telegonus
Barbaricam pestem subinis nostris optulit,
nova figura factam, commissam infabre.
Cp. Non., 248, 22.
294-5
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 21, 50 : Itaque in extremis Niptris
alios quoque obiurgat idque moriens —
UlLves
Conqueri fortunam advorsam, non lamentari decet ;
id viri est officium, fletus muliebri ingenio additust.
Huius animi pars ilia mollior rationi sic paruit ut severe
imperatori miles pudens.
PENTHEUS
Of this play we have only a sketch of the plot by an aug-
menter of Servius; it corresponds largely with Euripides'
Bacchae, the main difference being that Pentheus' captive is
Servius auctus, ad .4c?i., IV, 469 : Pentheus . . . secundum
tragoediara Pacuvii furuit . . . ; de quo fabula talis est :
Pentheus, Echionis et Agaves filius, Thebanorum rex, cum
indignaretur ex matertera sua Semele genitum Liberum
patrem coli tamquam deum, ut primum comperit eum in
Cithaerone monte esse, misit satellites, qui eum vinctum ad
Non., 40 : Niptra cdd.
2*5 additust Bentley additur Buecheler additis Gud.
272
PLAYS
292-3
Telegonus has revealed himself and tells about his spear : "
Nonius : ' Infabre ' (in an unworkmanlike way), in ugly
fashion, just as ' affabre ' means beautifully ... —
Teleg07ius
An outlandish plague did she present for our
spears, fashioned in strange shape, contrived in art
unworkmanhke .
294-5
Ulysses is resigned to his fate and his courage is restored :
Cicero : And so in the last part of The Washing Ulysses
rebukes others also, and that too on his deathbed —
Uli/sses
You may '^ complain of adverse fortune, not
Lament. This is man's duty; weeping is
A quahty bestowed on woman's nature.
That weaker part of this man's soul has obeyed reason just as
a loyal soldier obeys a strict commander.
PENTHEUS
not Dionysus (Liber) but one of his attendants Acoetes. There
were other differences. Ovid in 3l€t., Ill, 574 ff . may have
had Pacuvius' play before him. R., 280-1.
x\n augmenter of Servius : According to Pacuvius' tragedy
. . . Pentheus fell into a frenzy. The plot on this theme is
as follows. Pentheus, a son of Echion and Agave, and a king
of the Thebans, took it amiss that his aunt Semele's son.
Father Liber, was honoured like a god. As soon as he learnt
that Liber was on Mount Cithaeron, he sent satellites with
" Telegonus' mother Circe gave him a fish's prickle with
which to adorn his spear.
* The meaning seems to be clear; yet some think that
Ulysses blames both complaint and grief.
273
VOL. II. T
PACUVIUS
se perducerent. Qui cum ipsum non invenissent, unum ex
comitibus eius Acoetem captuni ad Pentheum perduxerunt.
Is cum de eo graviorem pocnam const itueret, iussit eum
interim claudi vinctum ; cumque sponte sua et carceris fores
apertae essent et vincula Acoeti excidissent, miratus Pentheus
spectaturus sacra Liberi patris Cithaerona petit, quem visum
bacchae discerpserunt. Prima autem Agave mater eius
amputasse caput dicitur, feram esse existimans.
PERIBOEA
Oeneus king of Calydon married Hipponous' daughter
Periboea and begat a son Tydeus, who was one of the Seven
who went against Thebes, and was killed by Melanippus. In
his absence the sons of Oeneus' younger brother Agrius robbed
Oeneus of his throne and maltreated him. Diomedes son of
Tj'deus with Alcmaeon came from Argos and killed all the
offenders except Thersites and Onchestus who escaped to the
Peloponnesus. He then gave the kingship not to aged
296
Eur., Oen.y fr. 562 N <L yrjg varpc^'as X*^'P^ (jiiXraTOV TTcSov \
KaXv8a)Vos.
Varro, L.I., VII, 18 : Pacuvius—
Diomedes
Calidonia altrix terra exupcrantiim virum ;
ut ager Tusculanus, sic Calidonius ager est, non terra.
"« trib. * Perib: Ribb.
274
PLAYS
orders to lead him fettered into his presence. These, when
they could not find Liber himseK, led Acoetes, one of his
companions, captive into the presence of Pentheus. Pentheus,
when he was appointing a heavier penalty for him, ordered
him in the meantime to be kept fettered in prison. And when
the doors of the jail had fallen open of their own accord, and
Acoetes' bonds had fallen from him, Pentheus was astonished
and went to Cithaeron in order to be a spectator of the rites of
Father Liber. When the bacchanal women saw him they tore
him to pieces ; and Agave his mother, thinking he was a wild
beast, is said to have begun the business by cutting off his
head.
PERIBOEA
Oeneus but to Oeneus' son-in-law Andraemon. Cf. Apollod.,
I, 8, 4 £f. A variant of this story makes Diomedes accom-
panied by Sthenelus, a brother of Periboea; Diomedes
deposes Agrius, who takes his own life, and restores his
grandfather.
The model of Pacuvius' play was for the most part Euripides'
Olv€vs. Cf. R., 391 ff., and for a special view, Jahn, in
Gerhards Denkmaler und Forschungen, 220 ff. Scene, Calydon.
296
Prologue. First line ? Diomedes on reaching his home :
Varro : Pacuvius —
Diomedes
You land of Calydon, a nurse of men
Who are surpassing great ;
as the Tusculan, so the Calydonian soil is really a domain,
not a ' land.' "
" i.e. (as Varro shows) a whole country, as opposed to a
part of it.
275
t2
PACUVIUS
297-300
Nonius, 353, 15 : ' Niti ' . . . ambulare. Pacuvius Peri-
boea —
Oeneus
. . . ardua per loca agrestia <pes)
trepidante gradu nititur.
Nonius, 136, 29 : ' Macore ' pro macie ... —
. . . corpusque meum tali
maerore aegrore macore senet.
301
Nonius, 23, 7 : ' Lapit ' significat obdurefacit et lapidem
facit ... —
Lapit cor cura, aerumna corpus conficit.
302-3
Eur., Oen., 567 N axoXr} i^ikv ov^l, tco Se Buotvxovvti ttojs I
TcpTTvov TO Ae'fat KOiTTOKXavaaaOai TrdXiv.
Nonius, 2, 6 : * Aetatera malam ' senectutem veteres
dixerunt . . . —
Diomedes
Parum est quod te aetas male habet, ni etiam hie ad
malam
aetatem adiungas cruciatum reticentia ?
304
Nonius, 430, 10 : ' Iniuria ' a contumelia hoc distat — iniuria
enim levior res est . . . —
Oe?ieus
Patior facile iniuriam si est vacua a contumelia.
"' <pes> add. Ribb., B67n. Trag., 304 (<sic>o/m)
agresti ac t. vel agrestia t. Vossius agresti ac t. Bem.f
347, 357 Montep. Ox. agrestia ac t. rell.
^^^ hie cdd. hunc Ribb. reticentiae coni. Ribb.
^^* a. fortasse secludendum
276
PLAYS
297-300
lus in his age and suffering :
Xonius : ' Xiti ' (strain, press forward) . . . means to walk.
Paeuvius in Periboea —
Oeneus
Thus with quaking steps my feet strain over places
steep and savage.
Xonius : ' Ma core ' for ' macie ' . . . —
and my body ages
With sadness, sickness, leanness such as this.
301
Xonius : ' La pit ' means hardens and turns a thing to
stone ... —
Anxiety makes my heart a stone,
And hardship wastes my body.
302-3
Diomedes to Oeneus {who does not recognise him ?) :
Xonius : ' Aetas mala ' was a term used by old writers for
old age ... —
Diomedes
Age brings you grief; and is not that enough
Without uniting to the grievous age
The torture of remaining silent here ?
304
Oeneus' only care now is Periboea :
Xonius : ' Injury ' differs from outrage in this, that injury is
the lesser evil ... —
Oe7ieus
But lightly do I suffer injury,
If it is free from insult.
277
PACUVIUS
305-7
Nonius, 262, 31 : ' Consternari' rursum erigi ... —
Diomedes
Consternare, anime, ex pectore aude evolvere
consilium subito, mens, quod enatumst modo,
qui pacto inimicis niortem et huic vitam afferas.
308-9
Nonius, 153, 22 : ' Perbitere,' perire ... —
nam me perbitere, illis opitularier
quovis exitio cupio, dum prosim.
310-11
Varro, L.L., VII, 6 : ' Templum ' dicitur ... in terra, ut
in Periboea —
scrupea saxea Bacchi
templa prope adgreditur.
312-13
Nonius, 213, 10 : ' Melos ' . . . masculino ... —
thiasantem fremitu
concite melum !
314
Nonius, 497, 36 : Genetivus positus pro ablativo ... —
Diomedes
postquam est oneratus frugum et floris Liberi,
305-6 aude evolvere e. q. s. Ribb. alii alia (of. Eibb., Trag.
Fragm. 112-113) pectore hac et volvere consilium subit
omnes quod de nata est modo cdd.
^°' qui cdd. quo Schegk
" In the sense in which it is used by Livy; see note * on
pp. 216-7.
278
PLAYS
305-7
Diomedes has thought of a plan :
Nonius : ' Consternari ' again means to be uplifted ... — "
Dio}?iedes
Be roused,^ my soul, be brave, my mind, to mifold
Out of the breast the plan which was just now
Born on a sudden, by what means you may
Bring death to foes, life to this man.
308-9
Alcmaeon or Sthenelus '^ promises help :
Nonius : ' Pebitere ' to perish ... — •
. . . For that I
Should perish, they be aided by my death,
No matter how I die — that is my wish,
If only I can help.
310-11
A Bacchic rout comes by :
Varro : A ' templum ' is spoken of as existing ... in the
earth, for example in Periboea —
approaches near the rugged rocky precincts of
Bacchus.
312-13
Nonius : ' Melos ' ... in the masculine ... —
Start up a rousing song with noise of revelry !
314
Nonius : The genitive put for the ablative ... —
Diomedes
After he was full loaded of bread and Liber's
bloom,
'' Lines 30.5-6 are very corrupt. I have adopted Ribbeck's
readings; cf. R., 306; Trag. Fragm. corollar., XLV.
"^ Or even Diomedes may be the speaker. Cf. R., 307.
279
PACUVIUS
315
Nonius, 228, 17 : ' Timor ' . . . feminini ... —
Ecfare quae cor tiium timiditas territet.
316
Xonius, 406, 8 : ' Tamen ' significat tandem ... —
tamen obfirmato animo mitcscit metus.
317
Xonius, 476, 6 : ' Tutant ' . . . —
Tu, mulier, tege te et tuta templo Liberi.
318
Xonius, 495, 6 : Accusal ivnis numeri singularis positus pro
genetivo plurali . . . (495, 31) . . . —
Regnum imperator, aeternum deorum sator,
319-20
Xonius, 185, 20 : ' Verruncent,' id est vertant ... —
precor veniam petens
ut quae egi ago vel axim verruncent bene.
Cp. Xon., 505, 27.
321
Xonius, 292, 5 : ' Exanclari,' perfici ... —
Non potest, Melanippe, hie sine tua opera exanclari
labos.
3^^ tamenn ' Mr. offirmatod Ribb. {coni. olirn
offirmato t .) fortasse recte
318 regnum cdd. regum Gulielmus aeternum deorum
Faber aeternum humanum Ribb. aeterne h. Bothe
aeternum morum cdd. varia tempt. Buecheler
320 ago vel axim odd. 505 ago exim cdd. 185 ago
axim Ribb.
280
PLAYS
315
Periboea must take refuge in a temple of Bacchus ? :
Nonius : ' Timor ' ... of the feminine gender . . . - —
Speak out what fearfulness affrights your heart.
316
Nonius : ' Tamen ' has the meaning of ' tandem ' . . . —
Yet " when the mind is strengthened, fear is
calmed.
317
Nonius : ' Tutant ' . . . —
You, woman shelter and safeguard yourself
In Liber's shrine.^
318
Further plans of Diomedes or his companion :
Nonius : The accusative of the singular number put for
the genitive plural ... —
O emperor of kingdoms, and begetter
Of the eternal gods,'^
319-20
Nonius : ' Verruncent,' ^ that is ' vertant ' . . . —
My prayer thy favour seeks that all I've done,
And do and will do, deep in fortune fair
May root.
321
Agrius converses with Melanippus his son P :
Nonius : ' Exanclari,' to be perfected . . . —
This labour cannot be drained to the dregs
Without your help, Melanippus.
° Nonius' explanation is apparently wrong.
* Notice how Pacuvius uses alliteration with the letter
t apparentl}' to express fear or contempt.
*= Cf. R., Tra^. Fragm., coroUar., XLVI.
^ The real derivation of this word is not known.
281
PACUVIUS
322
Nonius, 501, 22 : ' Potior ' illam rem . . . —
Agrius
. . . regnum potior, coniugem macto inferis.
323
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 512, 3 : ' Senesco ' inchoativum est,
nam positivum eius seneo invenitur in usu ... —
Oeneus ?
Quamquam aetas senet, satis habeam virium ut te
ara arceam !
324-5
Nonius, 521, 4 : ' Inbuere ' . . . — -
nam si te regeret pudor,
sive adeo cor sapientia inbutum foret,
326
Nonius, 336, 20 : ' Levare ' rursum relevare ... —
Neque tuum te ingenium moderat, neque fraternum
ira exilium levat.
327
Nonius, 467, 23 : ' Vagas ' pro vagaris ... —
Triplici pertimefactus maerore animi incerte errans
282
PLAYS
322
Agrius will murder Periboea and keep Oeneus' kingdom :
Nonius : ' Potior ' with the accusative ... — ■
Agrius
The kingdom I possess ; his consort now
I sacrifice unto the nether regions.
323
Attempt to drag Oeneus from an altar ? :
Prise ianus : ' Senesco ' is an inchoative form ; for the
simple form ' seneo ' -is found in common use ... — ■
Oeneus ?
Although my years are old, may I have strength
Enough to bar you from the altar !
324-5
Nonius : ' Inbuere.' ... —
. . . for if shame did sway you
Or if your heart were so imbued with wisdom,
326
Xonius: ' Levare ' again means ' relevare,' ... — ■
Your inner nature
Controls you not, and your wrath lightens not
A brother's banishment.
327
Still greater sorrow for Oeneus ? :
Nonius : ' Vagas ' for ' vagaris ' . . . —
Fear-stricken, filled with threefold " grief of soul ,
He strays in random wanderings.
** For his loss of his throne, his separation from Periboea,
and the death of Tydeus. R., 308.
283
PACUVIUS
328
Nonius, 2, 14 : ' Senium ' ipsum positum sic . . . (3, 1) —
. . . metus egestas maeror senium exiliumque et
senectus.
329
Nonius, 15, 3 : ' Enoda ' significat explana ... —
Gnato ordinem omnem, ut dederit se, enodat pater.
330
Nonius, 22, 10 : ' Gliscit ' est congelascit et colligitur, vel
crescit vel ignescit ... —
Oeneus
Sed nescioquidnam est, animus mi horrescit, et gliscit
gaudium.
331
Nonius, 84, 19 : ' Copi ' pro copioso ... —
O multihiodis varie dubium et prosperum copem
diem !
332
Nonius, 476, 34 : ' Expedibo ' pro expediam ... —
Mane, expedibo ; fac mihi contra quod rogo re-
spondeas.
3-^ senectus cdd. desertitas Ribb. mendicitas
Buecheler
329 gnato cdd. gnate Mercier dederit cdd.; varia
tempt, docti se add. W Cj). Cic, Nat. Deor., IT, 26
ita dat se res enodat cdd. enoda Mercier pater
Flor. 3 patri cdd.
^^° animus mi Onions animi cdd. scclud. et edd.
horresco Bothe
331 varie cdd. varium et Ribb.
284
PLAYS
328
Nonius : The word ' senium ' itself occurs thus ... —
Dread, want, grief, worry," banishment, old age,
329
Deposition of Agrius 1 :
Nonius : ' Enoda ' (unknot) means explain ... —
The father ^ to the son unknotted all
The sequence of events, how they occurred.
330
Mixed joy and fear of Oeneiis ? :
Nonius : ' Gliscit ' (swells up) means thickens and is com-
pressed ; or grows ; or takes fire ... —
Oeneus
But something it is — I know not what ; my mind,
It dreads — and joy swells up.
331
Nonius : ' Copi ' for ' copioso ' . . . —
Oh, this day! In multitudinous ways and
changeably how plenteous '^ in doubtful and in
prosperous turns !
332
Unplaced fragments :
Nonius" : ' Expedibo ' for ' expediam ' . . . —
Stay there ! I will explain ; and you in turn
Must answer me the question that I ask.
"■ senium means the decay, and so the affliction, of old age.
^ Presumabty Agrius to Melanippus.
•^ dubium, prosperum genitives plural with copem.
^^2 fac mihi contra q. Harl. Par. 7667 Escorial. fac-
tum m. 0. Lu.G. fac tu contra mihi Ribb.
28 ^
PACUVIUS
333
Nonius, 178, 5 : * Taetret,' foedet, polluat ... —
. . . beluarum ac feraruni adventus ne taetret loca.
334
Nonius, 237, 2 : ' Autumare ' est dicere ... —
Flexa non falsa autumare dictio Delphis solet.
PROTESILAUS
No fragments of a play of this name by Pacuvius have
survived, and the statement of Antonius Vulscus has been
doubted. Euripides wrote a play with the same title. Cf.
R., 326. Doubtless the play told how Protesilaus was the
Antonius Volsc, in argument., Ov.. Her., XIII : Pacuvius
et Titius Protesilaum tragoediam ediderunt; ex qua multum
in hanc epistulam Ovidius transtulit.
TEUCER
A play famous in the time of Cicero (Cic, de Or., I, 58,
246). It was based chiefly on Sophocles' Teu/cpoj. R., 223 ff.
Teucer was a son of Hesione and Telamon, who refused to
receive him in Salamis on his return from Troy, because he
335-6
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 135, 15: ' Scio, scius'; sic, . . .
Pacuvius in Teucro —
Postquam defessus perrogitandod advenas
fuit de gnatis, neque quemquani invenit scium,
333 beluarum haec ac Ribb. {qui et alia coni.) b. adv.
ac f. Buecheler fortasse . . . beluarum hac f.
335 perrogitandod Ribb perrogitando cdd, est p.
Vossius
286
PLAYS
333
Nonius : ' Taetret,' may befoul, pollute ... —
Lest the approach of beasts and game befoul
These places.
334
Nonius : ' Autumare ' means to say ... —
Contorted the replies, not counterfeit,
Which Delphi's spoken words are wont to make.
PROTESILAUS
first to leap ashore at Troy and meet his death at the hands
of Hector or some other hero ; and how he was allowed to
come to life again for a short time for the sake of his loving
wife Laodameia.
Antonius Vulscus, on the thirteenth of Ovid's Heroines :
Pacuvius and Titius each brought out a tragedy called Pro-
tesilaus: Ovid has transferred much out of it to this letter.
TEUCER
had not avenged the death of Ajax his step-brother or had
not brought Ajax's remains to Salamis. Teucer left Salamis
and found a new home in Cyprus.
335-6
Prologue, Telamon seeks news of his sons :
Priscian : From ' scio ' comes ' scius,' thus. . . . Pacuvius
in Teucer — -
When he was weary grown of asking strangers
Full news about his sons, and found not one
Who knew of them,
22^ <fuit> add. Ribb. neque <eorum> Hermann.
287
PACUVIUS
337-8
Nonius, 152, 25 : ' Paenitudinem ' Pacuvius Teucro —
quae, desiderio alumnum, paenitudine
squales scabresque inculta vastitudine,
Cp. Non., 169, 28; 185,3; 243,6. Test., 568, 3.
339
Nonius, 407, 31 : ' Tempestas,' tempus. ... —
Teucer
Quam te post miiltis tueor tempestatibus !
Cp. Non., 414, 4.
340
Schol., ad Aen., II, 81 : . . . Pacuvius in Teucro —
Nihilne a Troia adportat fando ?
341
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 182, 2 : ' Plerus, plera, plerum '
absque que additione ... — ■
Teucer
Periere Danai, plera pars pessum datast.
Cp. Test., 290, 6.
Non., 152 : paenitudine Quich. paenitudinem cdd.
338 squales scabresque Non., 243 s. scabresquae 185
(-qua 169) squales caveris que {vel sim.) 152 quales
scabres quod Fest. apogr. squale scabreque Ribb.
288
PLAYS
337-8
Telamon to his wife Hesiona ?
Nonius : ' Paenitudo ' is used by Pacuvius in Teucer —
O woman, who in desolate penitence
Go thus dishevelled in drab dingy garb
Through yearning for the sons who were your
nurslings,
339
Teucer {disguised ?) returns home and greets his country :
Nonius : ' Tempestas ' (season), time. ... —
Teucer
How many seasons since I looked on you !
340
People wonder if he has brought news :
A scholiast : . . . Pacuvius in Teucer —
Brings he no news by report from Troy ?
341
Teucer has news ; shipuyreck of the returning Greeks :
Priscianus : ' Plerus, plera, plerum,' without the suffix
-que ... —
Teucer
The Danai have perished ; the most part
Has been sent down to ruin.
datast Prise. datur Fest.
289
VOL. II.
PACUVIUS
342
Nonius, 306, 32 : ' Facessere ' significat recedere ... —
Tela mo
Te repudio nee recipio ; naturam abdieo ; faeesse !
3i3
Nonius, 154, 2 : ' Provigere,' movere . . . —
Teucer ?
Aut me occide illinc sei usquam provigeain graduni.
344
Nonius, 306, 32 : ' Facessere ' . . . (39). Item—
Telamo
Facessite omnes hine ; parumper tu mane !
Cp. Paul., ex F., 59, 42.
345-9
Cicero, ih Oral., II, 46, 193: Quid potest esse tam fictum
quam versus, quam scaena, quam fabulae ? Tamen in hoc
genere saepe ipse vidi, ut ex persona mihi ardere oculi hominis
histrionis viderentur spondaulia ilia diccntis —
'*2 naturam abdieo Hermann natum abdieo Mercicr
alii alia naturam dico c^W, faeesse. Item Urbinus
faeesse, i Hermann i, faeesse Ribb. alii alia facess-
titem Lu.\ Gen. 1 {om. Gen. 2, Bern. 83) facessti item G.
Non., 154 : provigere Guietus progredere Onions
probitere Steveeh providere cdd.
^*2 sei coni. Ribb. si Vossius sine cdd. provi-
geam Guietus provegeam Gifan probitam Steveeh
proveham Maehly provideam cdd.
290
PLAYS
342
Telamon at first refuses to hear his son Teucer :
Nonius : * Facessere ' (go away, make one's self scarce)
means to withdraw ... —
Telamon
You I spurn and receive not ; your birth * I
renounce. Make yourself scarce !
343
Teucer^s ansiver ? :
Nonius : ' Provigere,' to move ... —
Teucer ?
Or strike me dead if I do move * one step
To any place from there.
344
After a time Telamon relents :
Nonius : ' Facessere.' . . . Again—
Telamoji
Make yourselves scarce ! Hence, all ! But you —
stay you a little while.
345-9
Telamon opens his heart to Teucer :
Cicero : What can be more artificial than verses, than the
plays on the stage ? Yet in this category I have myself often
seen how from out of the mask the eyes of the actor appeared
to me to be burning as he spoke those solemn lines with flute
obbligato — "
° Apparently ; or possibly ' nature's laws.'
* The readings provigere . . . provigeam are not certain;
at any rate the verb occurs here only.
'^ The Teading spondauliu ilia is not certain, but it is probably
right. The spondaulium was a hymn sung at a libation
{oTTovSi]) and accompanied by a flute (Greek a-rrovbavXeiv,
to play the flute at a libation).
291
U2
PACUVIUS
Telamo
Segregare abs te ausu's aut sine illo Salamina ingredi,
neque paternum aspectum es veritus ;
numciuani ilium aspectum dicebat quin mihi Telamo iratus
furere luctu filii vidcretur. At idem inflexa ad miserabilem
sonum voce —
quom aetate exacta indigem
liberum lacerasti orbasti exstinxti, neque fratris necis
neque eius gnati pueri, qui tibi in tutelam est
traditus . . . ?
flens ac lugens dicere videbatur. Quae si ille histrio, cotidie
cum ageret, tamen agere sine dolore non poterat, quid Pacu-
vium putatis in scribendo leni animo ac remisso fuisse ? Fieri
nullo modo potuit.
Cp. Cic, op. cit.. Ill, 58, 217.
350-1
Nonius, 154, 28 : ' Properatim ' et ' properiter,' celeriter,
properanter ... —
Teucer
niihi classem imperat
Thessalum nostramque in altum ut properiter
deducerem.
352
Quintilianus, I, 5, 67 : Etiam ex praepositione et duobiis
vocabulis dure videtur struxisse Pacuvius —
Nerei repandirostrum incurvicervicum pecus.
Cp. Varrc, L.L., V, 7.
Cic. de Oral., II, 193 : spondaulia Saumaise e sponda
ilia Hermann alii alia spondalli vel sim. cdd. fortasse
s sonantia ilia.
^*^ extinxti Manutius extinxisti cdd.
" Who took his own life while Teucer was occupied in a
foray by night. * Eurysaces.
292
PLAYS
Telamon
So you durst separate Ajax " from you, or without
him durst set foot on Salamis, and shrank not from
your father's sight ;
he never used to speak that word ' sight ' without my
thinking that it was Telamon who in his anger was raving with
grief for his son. And again the actor modulating his voice
to a piteous tone seemed to be weeping and grieving as he
spoke the following —
when you stripped him, shattered him, crushed him
thus far spent in years and bereft of his sons, and had
no thought for your slaughtered brother, no thought
for his little son,^ who was entrusted to you into
guardianship ?
If that player, though he acted every day, still could not act
this scene without sorrow, why surely you do not think that
Pacuvius, when he wrote it, was calm and easy in his own
mind ? He cannot possibly have been so.
350-1
Teucer tells the story of the disaster by sea after the departure
from Troy ; Agamemnon'' s orders to Teucer :
Xonius : ' Properatim ' and ' properiter ' (hurriedly), swiftly,
hastily ... —
Teucer
He ordered me to lead out hurriedly
To sea our own and the Thessalians' fleet.
352
Hoic the Greeks watched the dolphins :
Quintilian : Pacuvius' construction of compounds even out
of a preposition and two words appears harsh —
The upturnsnouted ^ and roundcrooknecked herd
Of Xereus.
'^ ' snout-uplifted, neck-inarched ' — Butler, Quintilian, Loeb
edition, I, p. 109. The attribution to this play is probable.
293
PACUVIUS
353-60
Cicero, de Div., I, 14, 24: Gubernatores nonne falhintur?
An Achivorum exercitus et tot navium rectores non ita
profecti sunt ab Ilio ut —
. . . profectione laeti piscium lasciviani
intuemur nee tuendi eapere satietas potest.
Interea prope iam occidente sole inhorrescit mare 355
tenebrae conduplicantur, noctisque et nimbum
obcaecat nigror ;
Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 39, 157 : Ea transferri oportet quae
. . . clariorem faciunt rem, ut ilia omnia : 'inhorrescit mare
flamma inter nubes coruscat, eaelum tonitru
contremit,
grando mixta imbri largifico subita praecipitans cadit,
undique omnes venti erumpiint, saevi existunt
turbines,
fervit aestu pelagus. 360
Cp. lul. Victor, 432 = 251 (355, 360); Non., 423, 7.
361-2
Festus, 378, 23 : ' Reciprocate ' pro ultro citroque poscere
usi sunt antiqui, quia procare est poscere. Pacuvius in
Teucro —
Rapide retro eitroque percito aestu praecipitem ratem
reeiprocare, undaeque e gremiis subieetare adfligere.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 379, 7.
^^* intuemur Usener intuerentur ut ait Pacuvius Cic.
intuentur Hermann intuuntur Stieglitz eapere s. p.
Hermann satietas eapere posset (possit) Cic. eapere
posset s. Davis alii alia
3^^"- rapido reciproco percito augusto citare rectem reei-
procare undaeque (undo aeque Paul.) gremiis s. a. cd. cf,
Bibh., Trag. Fmgm., p. 119.
294
PLAYS
353-60
How the storm arose :
Cicero : Do not pilots sometimes make mistakes ? Is it not
a fact that the army of the Achivi and the steerers of all their
many ships were so happy in their departure from Ilium that,
in the words of Pacuvius — °'
Joyful in our departure we did gaze
Upon the fishes' frolics, and no surfeit
Could seize us of our gazing. But meanwhile
'Twas nearly sunset and the sea rose rough
Upon us ; darkness doubled darker grew ;
Blackness of night, blackness of thunderstorms
Did bhnd us ;
Cicero : We should use in a figurative sense those terms
which . . . make one's meaning clearer, like the whole of
that famous passage : ' the sea rose rough ... —
flickered flame amid the clouds,
And heaven shook with thunder ; sudden hail
Fell headlong, mingled plenteously with floods
Of rain; on all sides every wind burst out,
Fierce whirls of water rose ; the sea did boil
With swirling swell.
361-2
Festus : ' Reciprocare.' A verb used by the archaic
writers for ' to ask on both sides,' because ' procare ' means
'poscere,' to ask. Pacuvius in Teucer — *
And s\^'iftly to and fro with seething swell
Waves summoned and summoned again the ship
headlong ;
Billows dashed down the ship and then upcast it
Out of their bosoms.
" Xo doubt in Teucer, The narrative has too much detail
to belong to Orestes' description of an exploit of his in Chryses
(see pp. 192 ff.).
* The quotation is very corrupt. I accept Ribbeck. reci-
procare may really be derived from reque proque, ' backwards
and forwards-'
295
PACUVIUS
363
Servius, ad Aen., I, 87 : * Stridorque rudentum,' proprie, nam
in funibus stridor est. Serv. and. : Stridor autem est sibilus
armamentum stridor,
et ' rudentum sibilus ' {vide infra, 365).
364
Servius ad Aen., IX, (644) 667 : ' Flictu ' pro ' afflictu . . .
id est ' ictu.' . . . Serv. auct. : Et locutus est iuxta antiquum
morem ... —
flictus navium,
365
Caelius, ap. Cic, ad Fam., VIII, 2, 1 : In theatrum Curionis
Hortensius introiit . . . hie tibi —
strepitus fremitus clamor tonitruum et rudentum
sibilus.
Cp. Varr., L.L., V, 7 : Serv. auct., ad Aen., I, 87.
366-7
Nonius, 506, 30 : ' Amplant ' pro amplificant ... —
ubi poetae pro sua parte falsa conficte canant
qui causam humilem dictis amplant.
3®" sua parte cdd. suad arte Ribb. conficte (Quich.)
canant {vd conficta occinant) W conficta canant aid.
conficta autumant Ribb. aggerant Buecheler canunt
Mr.
38' amplant cdd. fortasse amplent
296
PLAYS
363
Servius, on ' and a creaking of halyards ' in Virgil : ' Creak-
ing ' in its proper sense, for creaking takes place in using ropes.
The augmenter adds : And ' stridor ' (creaking) means whist-
ling . . .—
a creaking of tackle,
and ' a whistling of the hah'ards ' (see below, line 365).
364
Servius, on ' flictu ' in Virgil : ' Flictu ' for ' afflictu ' . . .
that is ' ictu.' . . . The augmenter adds : And Virgil wrote
according to archaic usage ... —
collision of ships.
365
Caelius, in a letter to Cicero : Hortensius entered Curio's
theatre ... at once you heard —
A roaring and clamour and clatter
Of thunderclaps," a whistling of the halyards.
366-7
Telamon does not excuse the loss of his grandson Eurysaces :
Nonius : ' Amplant ' for ' aniplificant ' . . . —
when poets to the best of their power may chant
falsehoods, feigning^ truth, while they glorify a lowly
theme.
" This clause possibly conies immediately after ' a creaking
of tackle ' (line 363 above) as the augmenter of Servius gives
it; Caelius may have quoted from memory.
^ Reading uncertain; if we take conficta as ablative with
parte, the text is sound.
297
PACUVIUS
368
Nonius, 74, 30 : ' Accepso,' accipio ... —
Telamo
Haud sinam quidquam profari prius quam accepso
quod peto.
369
Paulus, ex Fest., 287, 16 : ' Profusus ' . . . abiectus,
iacens. Pacuvius in Teucro —
Profusus gemitu niurmuro ' occisti ' antruans.
Cp. Test., 286, 29.
370-1
Soph., Teller., 808 N opyrj ycpovro? a)OT€ fiaXdaKT] kottIs
ev xpojTi d-qyei, iv tolxcl S' dfi^Xwerai.
Nonius, 111, 21 : ' Facul ' pro faciliter ... —
Nos ilium interea praeficiendo propitiaturos facul
remur.
372
Festus, 476, 17 : ' Sas.' Verrius putat significare eas . . .
idem ... ait sapsam pro ipsa . . . Pacuvius in Teucro —
nam Teucrum regi sapsa res restibiliet.
^^* Pacuvius in Teuc * * * * ro occistians rua * * Festi cd.
Pacuvius profusus gemitu murmuro Pavl. {om. reliqua)
murmure Dacier. oceisti antruat Ribb. occursans
ruat Hermann oseitans ruat Ursinus occisitans mat
O. Mr. occentans ruat Daeier
2'" praeficiendo <(l(J. ])roliciend<) Ribb. alii alia
298
PLAYS
368
Telamon suspects that Teucer has murdered Eurysaces :
Nonius : ' Accepso,' the same " as ' accipio : . . . —
Telamon
No, I'll not let you speak a single word
Before I have received what I demand.
369
Telamon tells how he quarrelled further with Teucer ? :
Paulus : ' Profusus * . . . downcast, lying flat. Pacu-
vius in Teucer — •
Sprawled on my face
I murmur in rejoinder ^ with a groan :
' You have killed me.'
370-1
An effort to reconcile Telamon ? :
Nonius : ' Facul ' for ' faciliter ' . . .
We think that if we place him in command '^
We shall in the meantime easily appease him.
372
Festus : ' Sas.' Verrius thinks it means * eas ' . . . the
same poet (Ennius) puts ' sapsa ' for ' ipsa ' . . . and
Pacuvius in Teucer —
For that in itself will re-establish Teucer
In the affection of the king.
" It is really a future-perfect of accipio.
^ The reading is doubtful. For antruo or amptruo, see
pp. 198-9.
'^ praeficiendo may possibly govern ilium. But I take ilium
with propitiaturos and refer praeficiendo to an unknown leader
of an embassy or deputation.
299
PACUVIUS
373-4
Cicero, de Div., I, 36, 80 : Fit . . . ut pellantur animi
. . . cura et tiraore, qualis est ilia —
flexanima tamquam lymphata aut Bacchi sacris
commota, in tumulis Teucrum commemorans suum.
Cp. Varr., L.L., VII, 87 (apud Pacuvium . . .).
375
Festus 268, 30 : ' Perpetrat,' peragit, perficit ... —
neque perpetrare precibus imperiove quit,
376
Nonius, 159, 23 : ' Putret.' . . . —
Telamo
. . . quamquam annisque et aetate hoc corpus
putret.
377-8
Festus, 370, 21 : ' Redhostire,' referre gratiam . . . nam
et hostire pro aequare posuerunt ... —
nisi coerceo
protervitatem atque hostio ferociani.
Cp. Non., 121, 15; 490, 18.
379
Festus, 540, 27 : ' Tagit ' . . . —
. . . ut ego, si quisquani me tagit.
3'^ imperiove W impetrita quit 0. Mr. imperio
quiti S imperio quiit Hermann nee pretio
quit Ursinus n. p. quiit Vossius impetria quid cd.
^'® protervitatem Non. protervitates Fest.
300
PLAYS
373-4
Hesiona continues to grieve for Teucer :
Cicero : It comes about . . . that souls are . . . stirred
by anxiety and fear, as in the case of that famous woman "
who was — ■
Soul-warped,
As crazed or stirred within by Bacchus' worship,
Amongst the tombs calling her own son, ' Teucer ' ! ^
375
but in vain : "
Festus : ' Perpetrat,' carries through, perfects ... — •
Nor, by command or prayers, can she effect a
thing.
376
Sedition against Telamon strengthens his courage ? :
Nonius : ' Put ret.' .... —
Telamon
Though this my body rots with years and age.
377-8
Festus : ' Redhostire,' to return a favour . , . for they used
also a verb ' hostire '(requite) for ' to equal.' ... — •
unless I restrain their impudence and requite their
ferocity.
379
Festus : ' Tagit ' . . . —
as I, if any man touches me.
° Varro shows that the fr. comes from Pacuvius, and so it
clearly belongs to this play. Cf. R., 229.
* Or ' as she keeps calling " Teucer," her son who is in his
grave.'
"^ Cf., however, R., 231. Both this and the last fr. might
come earlier in the play, before the homecoming of Teucer.
301
PACUVIUS
380
Aristoph., Plut., 1 151 Trarpls yap icrn Traa Iv av TTpaTTj) rig €v.
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., V, 37, 108 : Ad omnem rationem
Teucri vox accommodari potest —
Teucer
patria est, ubicumque est bene.
Cp. Publil. 8yr., 545.
PAULUS
The only known fabula praetexta of Pacuvius. It prob-
ably dealt with the victory of the consul Lucius Aemilius
Paulus over Perseus, king of Macedon, in 168 B.C., at Pydna.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 196, 3 : Antiquissimi hie alieni-
genus et haec alienigena et hoc alienigenum dicebant . . .
ncc non cetera similiter a genere composita proferebant . . .
Pacuvius in Paulo —
qua vix caprigeno generi gradilis gressio est.
Cp. Macrob., *9., VI, 5, 14.
2
Gellius, IX, 14, 9 : Sic ' dies dii ' a veteribus declinatum
est, ut . . . ' progenies progenii ' . . . —
Paulus
Pater supreme nostrae progenii patris,
Cp. Non., 490, 5.
* qua vix Hermann qua via Prise. quamvis Macrob.
generi Prise. pecori Maeroh. gradilis Hermann
gradibilis Prise. grandior Maerob.
302
PLAYS
380
Tender refuses to join the revolt ; he will leave Salamis :
Cicero ; We can fit to any condition the utterance of
Teucer —
Teucer
Wherever all is well — there is one's native land.
PAULUS
The order of the four fragments, as given by me here, is
suggested by Plutarch, Paul., 15 ff.
1
March of the Romans on Olympus : "
Priscianus : The oldest writers used the forms ' alienigenus '
-a -um . . . and inflected in like manner the other formations
from the noun ' genus.' . . . Pacuvius in Paulus —
Where there is hardly foothold for the goat-bred
brood to tread.
2
Morning of the battle. Prayer to Jupiter : ^
Gellius : But ' dies ' was inflected ' dii ' in the genitive by the
old writers, like . . . ' progenies, gen, progenii ' . . . —
Paulus
Father all-highest of our own clan's father,
« Plut., Paul, 15, 5 ; Livy, XLIII, 3 ft. Cp. R., 327-8.
* From whom the Aemilii claimed to be descended. Cf.
Plut., 17, 0-6; R., 329.
PACUVIUS
3
Nonius, 507, 28 : ' Nivit ' pro ' ninguit ' . . . —
Nuntius
Nivit sagittis, plumbo et saxis grandinat.
4
Nonius, 510, 7 : ' Celere ' pro ' celeriter ' . . . —
* Nunc te obtestor, celere sancte subveni censorie.*
EX INCERTIS FABULIS
'^'
Varro, L.L., VII, 59 : Pacuvius—
Quom deum triportenta
2-3
Isidorus, de different., 47 : ' Volucres ' . . . non solum aves
vocamus . . . Pacuvi —
volucri currit
axe quadriga.
3 nivit s. Fleckeisen sagittis n. Harl. Par. 7667.
Escorial. omitl. nivit ceit.
Non., 510 : Pacuvius lun. Naevius ed. princ. Nov-
ius cdd. Novius * * * * Pacuvius Mr.
* sancte Hermann sanctoccW. censorie c(W. censorio
Ribb. censor Hermann censori Aid.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
3
Narrative of a battle •*
Nonius : ' Xivit ' for ' ninguit ' . . . —
Messenger
It snows spears, lead and stones it hails.
4
Hoiv Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus called on his fatker\s
name for help : *
Nonius : ' Celere ' for ' celeriter ' . . . —
' Now I entreat you, swiftly succour me,
O man of hallowed censor's rank.'
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
(I) The Gods :
1
Varro : Pacuvius has —
When thrice-portentous portents of the gods
(II) War?
2-3
Isidore : ' VoIu6res,' ' flying,' is an epithet which we apply
not only to birds. ... Of Pacuvius ' we have —
On flying axle-tree the chariot runs
With team of four.
" Plut., 19 ; Livy XLIV, 35. That this fr. is rightly put
before the next one is also faintly suggested by Nonius' order
of quoting them.
^ R., 330. Plut., 21. Licinianus, having lost his sword,
recovered it by a brave effort. His father, the elder Cato, was
still alive. But the word censorie is doubtful.
'^ Possibly in Medus (R., 321); but this fr. might refer to a
battle.
VOL. II. X
PACLVIUS
(III)
4-5
Paulus, ex Fest, 367, 2 = 558, fin. : ' Trabica ' navis, quod
sit trabibus confixa. Pacuvius —
labitur
trabica in alveo.
Servius auct., ad Ae7i., I, 55 : ' Cum murmure montis.
Sic dixit Pacuvius —
murmur mans
quia ventos murmur sequitur.
7-8 •
Paulus, ex ¥., 481, 6 : ' Salaciara ' dicebant deam aquae,
quam putabant salum ciere, hoc est mare movere. . . .
Pacuvius —
Hinc saevitiam Salaciae
fugimus.
Cp. Test., 480, 19.
y
Varro, L.L., Vil, 22 : Pacuvius —
liqui in Aegaeo freto.
Dictum fretum a similitudine ferventis aquae.
(IV)
Servius, ad Aen., II, 506 : Alii dicunt quod a Pyrrho in
dome quidem sua captus est (Priarnxs), sed ad tumulum
Achillis tractus occisusque est iuxta Sigeum promunturium
. . . tunc eius caput conto fixum Pyrrhus circumtulit.
* alveo Dacier alveos cd.
" freto Laetus fretum A. Spengel fretu cdd,
306
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
(III) The Sea:
4-5
Paulus : ' Trabica navis ' is a ship, so called because it is
made of ' trabes ' nailed together. Pacuvius —
the plank-built boat glides on the channel.
6
An augmenter of Servius, on ' with a rumble from the
mountain ' in Virgil : Pacuvius wrote thus—
the rumble of the main
because a rumble attends the winds.
7-8
Paulus : ' Salacia.' A name they used to give to a goddess
of water, whom they believed ' salum ciere,' that is to say, to
set the sea in motion. Pacuvius —
From there we fled the spitefulness of the Stirrer
of the Sea.
9
Varro : In Pacuvius we have —
I left them in Aegean seething.
Here ' fretum ' is derived from likeness to water in a
ferment.
(IV) References to persons :
Servius, on a mention of Priam in Virgil : Some say that
Priam was indeed taken prisoner in his own dwelling by
Pyrrhus," but was dragged to Achilles' burial-mound and
killed close by Cape Sigeum . . . and after that his head
was impaled on a pike and carried round by Pyrrhus.
" Neoptolemus.
x2
PACUVIUS
Servius, ad .-lew., II, 557 : ' lacet ingenslitoretruncus.' . . .
Quod autem dicit ' litore,' illud, ut supra diximus, respicit,
quod in Pacuvii tragoedia continetur.
10
Servius, ad Aen., XI, 259 : ' Vel Priamo miseranda manus.'
. . Est autem Pacuvii qui ait —
Priamus si adesset, ipse eius commiseresceret.
Cp. Terent., Hec, I, 2, 53.
8crvius, ad Acn., VIJ, 320 : ' Cisseis.' Regina Hecuba
filia secundum Euripidem Cissei, quem Ennius, Pacuvius, et
Vergilius sequuntur.
11-12
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 63, 19 : ' Huius Didus, Sapphus
Inus.' . . . Sed melius esset secundum Latinam con-
suetudinem huius Sapphonis, Didonis, dicere. Nam et
Pacuvius sic declinat —
eundem filios
sibi procreasse per Calypsonem autumant.
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., II, 209, 20.
13
Philargyrius, ad Verg., G., IV, 437 : Quoniam pro postquam.
Pacuvius —
Quoniam ille interiit, impcrium Cephalo traiismissum
est. . . .
^'^ si Priamus adesset, et ipse Serv.
^^~^- filios s. p. e. Charis. filios s. p. dicitur e. Prise.
trib. ' Xiptr.' Delrio
" Cefalo (Heleno olim) Ribb. Telepho Grotius
calefo cd.
308
UXASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
Servius again, on ' He lies, a huge trunk, on the shore,' in
Virgil : His mind's eye is on that version, according as we
described it above, which occurs in a tragedy " of Pacuvius.
10
Servius, on ' a company to be pitied even by Priam,' in
Virgil : . . . And this is an idea taken from Pacuvius,'' who
says—
If Priam were here, even he would pity him.
Servius, on ' Cisseis ' in Virgil : ' Cisseis ' means queen
Hecuba, a daughter of Cisseus, according to Euripides, who is
followed by Ennius, Pacuvius, and Virgil.
11-12
Charisius : Genitives ' Didds, Sapphiis, Iniis ' . . . But it
would be better to say Sapphonis, Didonis, according to Latin
usage ; for this is the declension followed by Pacuvius among
others —
They say that he ^ begat also for himself
Sons by Calypso.
13
Philargyrius : ' Quoniam ' for ' after.' Pacuvius — ■
Now since he died, the government was passed
Over to Cephalus.^^
° lUona ? cf . R., 237 ; or possibty Hermiona (cf, boasting of
Xeoptolemus, p. 231).
^ In Thraldorestes or Teucer ? The fr. refers to the ship-
wreck of the Greeks on their return from Troy.
^ sc. Ulysses. Possiblv from The Wa^hi7ig — R., 279.
<* Or Telephus? Cf. R., 317 on the play Atalmita. If
Cephalo is right, it must refer to the award made by Amphi-
tryon to him for help against the Teleboans : this would imply
a play of Pacuvius of which we do not know the name.
309
PACUVIUS
14
Cicero, cle Nat. Deor., II, 36, 91 : Docet idem {Pacuvius)
alio loco —
Graiugena ; de istoc aperit ipsa oratio.
Cp. Eur., Iph. Taur., 247 : "EAAvyves ev tout' olBa kov
TTepaiTepco.
(V)
15-16
Festus, 392, 27 : ' Reserari '...** ait dici ab eo quod
re<mota sera a ianuae card>ine patefiant < fores . . .
serae> namque dicuntur fustes <qui opponuntur clausis>
foribus. Pacuvius in * * —
Pandite valvas <(reniovete seras
lit) complectar.
17
Festus, 388, 15 : ' Repedare,' recedere. Pacuvius —
. . . Paulum repeda, gnate, a vestibule gradum.
18
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 109, 17 : ' Stirps ' . . . Dixerunt
... in significatione sobolis masculino genere, ut Pacuvius —
qui stirpem occidit meum.
19
Nonius, 477, 15 : ' Miseretur ' pro ' miseret ' . . . Pacuvius
tadt-
Cepisti me istoc verbo, miseretur tui.
1* frih. ' Chrys.' Ribb., ' Dulorest.' al.
Fe.st, 392 : Pacuvius in Armorum ludicio, Ursinus
^^-^^ suppl. S
^' paulum cd. pauxillum 0. Mr. pausillum Ribb.
repeda Ursinus recede cd.
^* Pacuvius All ! | cepisti Ribb atat c. Gulielmus
Pacuvius Atalanta c, ^lercier fortn.s.'^e rede ad vel at cdd.
310
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
14
Cicero : The same poet (Pacuvius) informs us in another
place —
Greek-born ; so much at any rate my ^ speech
Discloses.
(V) Various fragments :
15-16
Festus : ' Reserari '...** says that it is a term derived
from the fact that when the bar is removed from the hinge of
a door the leaves open . . . and ' serae ' is a term applied to
the wooden rods which are put across closed door-leaves.
Pacuvius * in * * —
Spread wide the doors, remove the bars, that I
May embrace him.
17
Festus : ' Repedare ' (step back), to withdraw. Pacuvius — <=
Backstep a little from the forecourt, son.
18
Charisius : ' Stirps ' ... In its meaning of ' offspring '
they used this word in the masculine gender; for example,
Pacuvius —
who cut off my stock.*^
19
Nonius : ' Miseretur ' for ' miseret ' . . . Pacuvius — *"
You have caught me by yonder word ; I pity you.
" Or ' his speech ' — if so, then the fr. might come in Chryses,
from which Cicero has just quoted. Cf. R., 258-9.
* Possibly in The Award of the Arms, words of Tecmessa.
'^ Possibly in Medus.
^ Spoken possibly by Telamon in Teucer, but the context is
no more certain than that of either of the last two frs.
* Mercier's reading Pacuvius Atalanta cepisti ... is
attractive.
PACUVIUS
20
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 468, 27 : ' Plico plicae plicui ' vel
' plicavi ' . . . invenitur tamen etiam cum praepositione in
-avi faciens praeteritum, sed in raro usu. Pacuvius —
Qua te adplicavisti tarn aerumnis obruta ?
21
Festus, 428, 30 : ' Solari ' : sine praepositione dixisse
antiquos testis est Pacuvius cum ait —
Solatur auxiliatur hortaturque me.
22
Nonius, 204, 26: 'Frontem' feminino genere . . .
Pacuvius —
voce suppressa minata fronte vultu turgido.
23-4 •
Paulus, ex F., 75, 34 : ' Incicorem,' immansuetum et ferum.
Pacuvius —
Reprime incicorem iracundiam.
Interdum cicur pro sapiente ponitur, ut idem Pacuvius —
consilium cicur.
25-6
Varro, L.L., VII, 91 : Apud Pacuviura —
nulla res
nee cicurare neque mederi potis est neque refingere ;
cicurare mansuefacere.
27
Paulus, ex F., 125, 1 : ' Mulcere ' . . . raollire sive lenire
est. Pacuvius —
Quid med obtutu terres, mulces laudibus ?
^^ minata scripsi; minato Onions striate Kiessling
alii alia innato odd. trib. ' Didorest.'' Vossius [cf, v. 135;
vel. 43)
28 refingere L refigere Ribb. reficere cdd.
2^ med Ribb. me cdd. cum obtutu Bergk
312
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
20
Priscianus : ' Plico, plicas,' perfect ' plieui ' or ' plicavi,'
. . . Still it is found to form the preterite in -avi even when
a prefix is added ; but this use is rare. Pacuvius — "
Where brought you in your ship of cares, O woman
So sadly overwhelmed with troubles ?
21
Festus : ' Solari.' That archaic writers used this verb with-
out a prefix is witnessed by Pacuvius when he says —
He solaces aids and cheers me.
22
Nonius : ' Frons ' in the feminine gender. . . . Pacuvius — *
with smothered voice and beetUng brow and bloated
face.
23-4
Paulus : ' Incicorem ' (untamed, ungentle), untamed and
savage. Pacuvius —
Restrain your ungentle wrath.
Now and then ' cicur ' (tamed, gentle) is put for wise ; for
example, Pacuvius again —
a gentle counsel.
25-6
Varro : In a passage of Pacuvius —
Nothing can make him gentle, nothing hale,
Nothing remodel him ;
' cicurare ' means to make tame.
27
Paulus : ' Mulcere ' . . . means to soften or soothe.
Pacuvius —
Why, would you try to scare me with a look,
And fondle me with praises ?
" In Antiopa ?
* Quite possibly in Thraldorestes; see fr. 135 of that play.
3^3
PACLVIUS
28
Paulus, ex F., 283, 5 : ' Prologium,' principium, proloquium.
Pacuvius —
Quid est ? Nam me exanimasti prologio tuo.
Cf. Lucil., 875 Marx. Eur., I'ph. Taur., 1160, 1162.
29
Festus, 532, 16 : ' Topper ' fortasse valet in Enni et Pacui
seriptis. . . . Pacuvius —
Topper tecum, sist potestas, faxsit ; sin mecum velit,
30
Festus, 162, 27 : ' Xequitum ' et ' nequitur ' pro non posse
dicebant, ut Pacuvius cum ait —
Sed cum contendi nequitum vi, clam tendenda est
plaga.
31
Varro, L.L., VII, 88 : Origo in his omnibus Graeca, ut quod
apud Pacuvium —
Alcyonis ritu litus pervolgans feror.
Haec enim avis nunc Graece dicitur dA/cucov, a nobis alcedo.
32
Suetonius, ap. Isidor., de Nat. Rer.y XLIV, 73 : Moles quae
eminent et procurrunt mari, de quibus Pacuvius —
. . . omnes latebras sub lata mole abstrusos sinus.
29 sist Ribb. si Bothe sit cdd. sin Ribb. si cd.
30 vi S ut cd.
31 trib. 'Ilion.' Ribb.
^* sub lata Arevalus obiecta Roth subeunt laeti
mole 0. Mr. subiit atque molium Langensiepen subluta
mole <omne8> a. Ribb. subloto molae, sublet© mole
vel sim. cdd.
<» Lucilius (Remains of Old Latin, Vol. Ill) perhaps alludes
to the context of this fr.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
28
Nonius : ' Prologium ' (preface), a beginning, a preamble.
Pacuvius — ■
. . . What next ? Why ! you have left me lifeless
By this your preface.'*
29
Festus : ' Topper ' in the works of Ennius and Pacuvius
means ' perhaps.' * . . . Pacuvius—
By all means let him do it with you, if
He has the power ; but if he would with me,
30
Festus : ' Xequitum ' and ' nequitur.' They used to employ
these terms instead of parts of 'non posse,' for example,
Pacuvius when he says—
But when it has been impossible to toil by violence,
a toil ^ must be spread by stealth.
31
Varro : In all these cases the origin is a Greek one, like the
example in the works of Pacuvius — '^
After the manner of the kingfisher
Haunting the shore I skim along.
For this bird is now called in Greek aXKvwv, by our people
' alcedo.'
32
Suetonius, in Isidorus : ' Moles ' are what project and run
out into the sea. Pacuvius *" says of them —
all the lurking-places
Under a broad mass, all the hidden hollows.
^ But Festus is apparently wrong here ; see note on p. 455.
" sc. a snare. This rendering reproduces the pun or jingle
in coniendi . . . tendenda.
^ Possibly in Iliona, the ghost of Deiphilus (Polydorus)
speaking. R., 2.34-5.
* Possibly in Iliona (thus R.); but the fr. could come else-
where, e.g. in Chryses (Thoas' search for Orestes).
PACUVIUS
33
Festus, 220, 7 : ' Obstinato,' obfirmato, perseveranti . . .
ut Pacuvius —
obstinati exortus
34
Paulus, ex F., 67, 1 : Pacuv^ius genas putat esse qua barba
primum oritur, hoc versu —
Nunc primum opacat flora lanugo genas.
Cp. Aesch., Seft. c. Th., 534 areix^i h^ lovXos apri Slo.
naprjiBiov.
35
Nonius, 111, 21: ' Facul' pro faciliter. . . . Afranius
Auctione —
Haut facul . . . femina una invenietur bona
ut ait Pacuvius.
36
Gellius, XIV, 1, 34 : Praeter haec autem . . . multa
etiam raemini poetarum vetenim testimonia, a quibus
huiuscemodi ambages fallaciosae confutantur, ex quibus est
Pacuvianum illud —
nam si qui quae eventura sunt provideant, aequi-
perent lovi.
Cp. Soph., iric. 834 N.
33 obstinati cd. obstinari Bothe obstinatim Usener
obstinate Ribb. exortus cd. exorsus ed. j)rinc.
34 flora S coll. Ace, ' Bacch.,' 225, cf. 218 lanugo
flora flore cdd.
35 haut facul ut ait Pacuvius Non. una add. L
f. u. i. b. forta-sse non Pacuviana. ' Scripserat P. fortasse
" hand facile f. u. i. b.' " (Ribb.)
38 aequiperem Voss.
316
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
33
Festus : ' Obstinate,' made firm against, persevering
for example, Pacuvius — ■
stubborn risings
34
Paulus : Pacuvius " in the following line thinks that the
cheeks are the place where the beard first grows —
Now first begins the blossoming down
To shade his cheeks.
35
Nonius : ' Facul ' for ' faciliter.' . . . Afranius '' in The
Sale : As Pacuvius writes —
Not easily will even one good woman be found.
36
Gellius : But besides these remarks ... I also remember
many points of evidence in the old poets by which deceptive
fallacies of this kind may be disproved; from these I may
choose the following of Pacuvius — '^
for if there were any who could foresee the things
to come, they would be each a match for Jupiter.
" Possibly in Atalanta, referring to Parthenopaeus.
* Since the text of Xonius seems to be sound here, Afranius
apparently quotes Pacuvius but has not given in full the first
part of the line.
' Comparison with a passage from Sophocles suggests that
the play is Teucer, but does not justify a definite attribution.
PACUVIUS
37-46
auctor, ad Herenn., II, 23, 36 : Pacuvius —
Fortunam insanam esse et caecam et brutam per-
hibent philosophi,
saxoque instare in globoso praedicant volubilei,
quia quo id saxum inpulerit fors, eo cadere Fortunam
autuniant.
Insanam autem esse aiunt quia atrox incerta in-
stabilisque sit ; 40
caecam ob eam rem esse iterant quia nil cernat quo
sese adplicet ;
brutam quia dignum atque indignum nequeat inter-
noscere.
Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam
negant
esse ullam sed temeritate res regi omnes autumant.
Id magis verisimile esse usus reapse experiundo
edocet ; 45
velut Orestes modo fuit rex, fiictust mendicus modo.
Cp. auct., ad Herenn., II, 24, 37.
47-51
Festus, 100, 5 : ' Manticularum ' usus pauperibus in
numinis reeondendis etiam nostro saccule fuit; undc ' manti-
culari ' dicebantur qui furandi gratia manticulas attrcctabant.
Inde poctae pro dolose quid agendo usi sunt eo v^erbo.
Pacuvius —
3T-46 (jj^ Eibb., Trag. Fragm., 12-4-(); Fkckcuen, Philolog.,
VII, 383 s.
^' seclud. Ribb.
*" <es8e> Hermann praecedit 41 m cdd.
** esse ullam Graevius
318
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
37-46
The author of To Herenniiis : Pacuvius has — "
Dame Fortune, some philosophers maintain,
Is witless, sightless, brutish ; they declare
That on a rolling ball of stone she stands ;
For whither that same stone a hazard tilts.
Thither, they say, falls Fortune ; and they state
That she is witless for that she is cruel,
Untrustworthy, unstaid : and, they repeat,
Sightless she is because she nothing sees
Whereto she'll steer herself: and brutish too
Because she cannot tell between the man
That's worthy and the unworthy. But there are
Other philosophers who against all this
Deny that there is any goddess Fortune,
Saying it is Chance Medley rules the world.
That this is more like unto truth and fact
Practice doth teach us by the experience ;
Orestes thus, who one time was a king,
Was one time made a beggar.^
47-51
Festus : ' Mauticulae,' little purses. The use of these by
the poor for stowing coins in has continued even in our age.
Whence ' manticulari ' is a term which was applied to those
who groped for purses with intent to steal. Hence poets have
used this verb for doing anything on the sly. Pacuvius — ■
« Cf. Fleckeisen, Philol, VII, 383 £f.
* Manuscripts here add, with a number of variant readings,
a sentence which appears to be a scholiast's note and not a
further line of Pacuvius, though attempts have been made to
restore such a line. The note seems to give shipwreck as the
cause of Orestes' change of fortune. This suggests that the
fragment quoted by the author of To Herennius belongs to
Chryses, but the matter is uncertain. Cf. Ribb., 251, and
Trag. Fragm., p. 124-5 and corollar. XLVII. The fr. comes
possibly from Thraldorestes.
PACUVIUS
Ad manticulandum astu aggreditur ; scit enim quid
promeruerit
. . . mendicus manticulator ; ita me fati oppressit
iugum.
Item —
Deinde aggrediar astu regem ; manticulandum est
hie mihi.
Et—
Machinam ordiris novam.
t manticula tactu t an sanctiora dicis iuraiuranda ?
52-4
Cicevo, de Fin., V, 11, 31 :—
Quin etiam ferae
inquit Pacuvius —
quibus abest ad praecavendum intelligendi astutia,
iniecto terrore mortis horrescunt.
55
Varro, L.L., VI, 6 : Ante solis ortum, quod eadem stella
vocatur iubar, quod iubata, Pacuvianus dicit pastor —
exorto iubare, noctis decurso itinere.
Cp. Varro, L.L., VII, 76.
*' scit e. q. m. cd. aggreditor; scite quid prome, crue S
scit enim quid prompserit coni. RibV).
** m. e. q. s. Grotius m. m. i, f. o. i. Ribb. modici
manticulatur . . . ita me facti oppressi iugo cd.
49 regem cd. rem L hie Vat. ed. princ. om. ceil.
50-61 C/. Rihh., Trarj. Frngm., p. 127
5- trib. ' Arm. Iiid.' Ribb.
5* mortis sibi terrore iniecto h. coni. Ribb.
320
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
He cunningly approaches men to pick
Their purses ; for he knows what fate he has
earned. . . .
A beggar and a pick-purse ; thus has pressed
The yoke of fate upon me.
And then further — •
Then let me approach the king slyly ; now a pick
purse must I be.
Also — •
You undertake a new contrivance. A purse . . .
Or do you speak sworn oaths more sacred ? "
52-4
Cicero : Says Pacuvius — ^
Why even beasts,
In whom adroitness of intelligence,
To be upon their guard, does not exist,
Bristle with fear when gripped by dread of death.
55
Varro : Before sunrise a shepherd in Pacuvius,"^ because that
star {sc. Lucifer, the planet V.enus) is called ' iubar ' since it is
' iubata ' (maned or crested), says :
After the rising of the shining star,
Night's journey now run down.
° But the text of Festus is corrupt here and no changes
have been convincing. The frs. refer to Orestes in Chryses
or Thraldorestes. In line 47 astu = city ?
* In The Award of the Arms, thinks R., 219 (spoken by
Ulysses). The words iniecto terrore mortis horrescunt give
probably not the actual words but the thought of Pacuvius.
•^ Quite possibly in Antiopa. R., 284.
321
VOL. ir. Y
PACUVIUS
56
Varro, L.L., V, 24 : Pacuvius —
. . Terra exalat auram ad auroram humidam.
57
Nonius, 129, 29 : ' Arva ' . . . feminino . . . Pacuvius —
. . Postquam calamitas pluros annos arvas calvitur.
SATURA
( Vide p. xix.)
PACUVI EPIGRAMMA
Gellius, 1,24,4: EpigrammaPacuviiverecundissimum . . . —
Adulescens, tani etsi properas te hoc saxum rogat
Ut sese aspicias, deinde quod scriptum est legas.
Hie sunt poetae Pacuvi Marci sita
Ossa. Hoc volebam nescius ne esses. Vale.
" trib. • Med: Ribb.
Gell. : hoc te cdd.
322
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
56
Varro : Pacuvius has —
The earth exhales moist breath towards break of
day.
57
Nonius : ' Arva ' ... in a feminine form. . . . Pa-
cuvius— • **
After calamity had cheated the cornfields during
many years.
MEDLEY
{See Introduction, p. xix.)
PACUVIUS' EPITAPH
Gellius * : Pacuvius' epitaph is the most modest ... —
Young man, although you hurry, yet this stone
Asks that you look upon itself, and then
Read what is written there. Here lie at rest
Marcus Pacuvius his bones. I wished
That you should be aware of this. Farewell.
" in Medus ? R., 322.
* This epitaph sounds genuine and may have been written
by Pacuvius himself.
323
y2
ACCIUS
TRAGOEDIAE
ACHILLES
This play has been taken to be the same as The Myrmidons
(see pp. 480-485 ; cf. R., 349 fif.). If this is right the chorus
was composed of Myrmidons. But in the face of no sure
evidence to the contrary, we must believe both plays to have
been separate works. We owe all the fragments of both plays
Nonius, 110, 11 : ' Flaccet,' languet, deficit . . . Accius
Achille —
Achilles
. . . An sceptra iam flaccent ? Ferat !
2
Nonius, 98, 4 : ' Delica,' explana, indica ... —
Patrochis
Qua re alia ex crimine inimieorum efFugere possis,
delica.
Cp. Non., 277, 38.
3
Nonius, 503, 32 : ' Fervat ' pro ferveat ... —
Ne turn cum fervat pectus iracundiae.
^ ferat cdd. fera Quich., fortasse recte
^ iracundiae cdd. iracundia ed. 1526 ne dum c. f.
victus iracundia Fruter.
326
TRAGEDIES
ACHILLES
and their titles to Nonius alone. Several pairs of plays in
Accius have been thought, as will be seen, to be one play under
two titles, but it is hardly likely that in these several instances
Xonius has at random used sometimes one title, sometimes
another, of the same play.
1
Achilles is contemptuous of Agamemnon's di faculties :
Xonius : ' Flaccet,' droops, fails. . . . Accius in Achilks — •
Achilles
Droops now his sceptre's sway? Then let him
bear it I «
2
Patroclus pleads with Achilles after the unavailing embassy :
Xonius : ' Delica (strain, make clear),' explain, indicate.
Patroclus
Make clear in what way else you can escape
From the reproaches of unfriendly men.
3
Xonius : ' Fervat ' for ' ferveat ' . . . —
Yes, then — ^when seethes the breast with anger
full.'^
° But ferat is doubtful. Perhaps we ought to read fera
with Quicherat.
* Either take iracundiae as a genitive after fervat or pectus,
which seems impossible, or read iracundia.
327
ACCIUS
AEGISTHUS
This play maybe identical with Chjlaemnestra (see pp. 406-1 1 ).
But, as in the case of Achilles and The Myrmidons, Nonius
quotes from Aegisthus and Clyiaemnestra as though they were
separate plays; the fragments of Aegisthus we owe to Nonius
alone, but several other writers quote from Clyiaemnestra.
Agamemnon, before he led the Greeks against Troy, left
Clytaemnestra under the protection of a bard. Aegisthus,
inflamed with love for Clytaemnestra, removed the bard to a
desert island and intrigued with her. When Agamemnon
4-5
Nonius, 110, 32 : ' Fligi ' . . . Accius . . . Aegistho —
Heu!
Cuiatis stirpem funditus fligi studet ?
6-7
Aesch., Agam., 1350 iyiol 8' ott-co? raxiOTo. y' e/iTreaeiv hoKit.
Nonius, 89, 22 : ' Celebrc ' . . . etiam velox ... —
Celebri gradu
gressum adcelerasse decet.
Cp. Serv. auct., ad Aen., IV, 641.
8-9
Aesch., Ag., 1632 KparijOcU 8' rjixepcorepos ^avel. Cp. 1639-
1641.
Nonius, 111,1: ' Fragescere,' frangi ... —
. . . nee fera hominum peetora
frageseunt, donee vim persensere imperi.
' adcelerasse lun. adceleravisse S adcelebrasse cdd.
Noil. ad (ac-)celerate Serv. auct. decet lun.
docet ccUl. Non., cm,. Serv. auct. condecet Maehly de-
decet Buecheler
328
PLAYS
AEGISTHUS
returned, a watcher reported the truth to him, and he invited
Aegisthus to a feast in order to trap him. But Aegisthus and
Clytaemnestra murdered Agamemnon at a dining-table. For
seven years Aegisthus ruled in Mycenae, and in the eighth year
came Orestes who killed the murderers. We can make little
of the five fragments; I have accepted the parallels from
Aeschylus' Agamemnon suggested by Ribbeck, but with hesi-
tation ; on this supposition, line 12 implies a gap of several
years falling within the action of the play. Cf . also R., 464 ff .
4-5
Lament on the plot of Orestes to slay his mother ? :
Xonius : 'Fligit' . . . Accius . . . in Aegisthus —
Alas 1 Of what land is the man who plans
To strike our stock down to its base ?
6-7
Excitement of the chorus on hearing Agamemnon^s cries ? : "
Nonius : ' Celebre ' (frequent, redoubled) . . . also means
swift ... —
It is our duty to hasten our steps with redoubled
bustling pace.
8-9
Aegisthus defies the chorus ?
Nonius : ' Fragescere,' to be broken ... —
. . . nor break men's savage souls
Until they've felt the might of government.
° R., 468. But the readings of the fr. are doubtful.
^ persensere (veZ persensint) imperi Hermann. i. persen-
serint Bothe persenserit imperi Bentin. persenserim
imperii cdd.
329
ACCIUS
10-11
Aesch., Ag., 1636 to yap SoXcoaaL irpos ywaiKo? rjv aacfxZs.
Nonius, 257, 53 : ' Callet ' significat scit ... —
. . . melius quam viri
Calient niulieres.
12
Nonius, 170, 4 : ' Sordet,' sordidata est . . . —
cui manus materno sordet sparsa sanguine.
AGAMEMNONIDAE
The two fragments tell us hardly anything. The plot of the
play may have followed the tale in which Electra, falsely
informed that Orestes and Pylades had been sacrificed to
Diana in Taurica, went to Delphi for advice, learnt a further
falsehood that it was Iphigenia who had sacrificed Orestes,
13-15
Nonius, 146, 28 : ' Oblitterare ' est obscurefacere et in
oblivionem ducere. Accius Agamemnonidis —
inimicitias Pelopidum
extinctas lam atque oblitteratas memoria
renovare.
16-19
Nonius, 257, 30 : ' Componere,' simulare velfingere ... — •
Sic
multi, animus quorum atroci vinctus malitia est,
composita dicta e pectore evolvunt suo,
quae cum componas dicta factis discrepant.
^* extinctas Flor. 3 extincta cdd. iam atque
Flor. 3. tam cdd. pro iam atque scribit fama
Buecheler pausa Ribb.
" There is a play on the meanings of composita . . . com-
ponas — ' some balanced tale which, when you balance it . . .'
330
PLAYS
10-11
Aegisthus compliments Clytaemnestra :
Nonius : ' Callet ' (is hardened) means knows ... —
Better than men are women hardened.
12
Orestes has killed Clytaemnestra :
Nonius : ' Sordet,' is befouled ... —
Whose hand
Is fouled and spattered by his mother's blood.
AGAMEMNON'S CHILDREN
found Iphigenia there, but was prevented by Orestes from
burning her eyes out. Recognition followed, and the brother
and sisters returned to Mycenae (Hygin., Fab., 122). Some
think that this play is the same as Erigona, but Nonius quotes
them separately (R., 469 ff.).
13-15
The old hatred of Atreus and Thyestes renewed by Electra :
Nonius : ' Oblitterare ' (blot out) is to make obscure and to
bring to oblivion. Accius in Agamemnon'' s Children —
. . . the enmities of Pelops' sons —
Which were already smothered, blotted out
By lapse of time — to renew.
Electra has learnt how false was her belief that Iphigenia had
murdered Orestes ? :
16-19
Nonius : ' Componere,' to pretend or feign ... —
Thus many.
Whose souls are in the bonds of hideous spite,
Roll out from their own hearts some trumped-up tale
Which tallies " not when you do balance it
Against the facts.
33^
ACCIUS
ALCESTIS
20
Priscianus, ap. O.L., II, 481, 13: Strideo quoque stridi
facit . . . i autem tam in praesenti quam in praeterito
productam habet. . . . Accius in Alcestide — •
Nuntius
Cum striderat retracta rursus inferis.
ALCMEO
This play has been thought to be identical with Alphesiboea,
but apart from the fact that Nonius quotes from both as
separate plays, there were separate myths concerning Alphesi-
boea (see notice to that play, pp. 336-337 and R., 497 E.).
The plot of Accius' Alcmaeon is a matter of conjecture, and 1
have arranged the fragments in what seems to be a probable
order based on the story told in Apollodorus, III, 7, 5 : —
Alcmaeon, made mad after the murder of his mother
Eriphyle, went to Arcadia, first of all to king Oicles or Oicleos,
21
Nonius, 393, 20 : ' Superstites ' veteres ponebant incolumes.
. , . Accius Alcimeone —
suos deseruit liberos superstites.
22
Nonius, 470, 13 : ' Amplexa ' pro amplexare ... —
postremo amplexa fructum quern di dant, cape !
21 superstites sunt cr^i. secZfui. sunt Bothe quosd. 1. |
superstites sunt Ribb,
" The single fr. suggests the story of the death of Alcestis
for her husband's sake, and her rescue from death by
Hercules.
PLAYS
ALCESTIS «
20
Messenger relates the rescue of Alcestis by Hercules :
Priscianus : ' Strideo ' also makes its perfect ' stridi ' . . .
and it has the i long in both the present and the past tenses.
. . . Accius in Alcestis —
Messenger
When she had shrieked as she was dragged away
Again from nether regions.
ALCMAEON
then to king Phegeus in Phegeia or Psophis. He married
Phegeus' daughter Arsinoe, but at the command of Apollo set
out for Achelous to be purified. On the way he was welcomed
by Oeneus in Calydon, but was rejected by the Thesprotians ;
at last he was purified by the god Achelous and married his
daughter Calirrhoe ; when she demanded from him Eriphyle's
necklace and ' peplos,' which he had given to Arsinoe, Alcmaeon
went and recovered them by a lie. Phegeus discovered this,
and his sons Pronous and Agenor killed Alcmaeon.
21
From the prologue {allusion unknown) :
Nonius : ' Superstites.' Put by the old writers for safe
and soimd. . . . Accius in Alcmaeon —
Her children she forsook ; and they survived.
22
Alcmaeon to his wife Calirrhoe ? :
Nonius : ' Amplexa ' for ' amplexare ' . . . — ■
Lastly embrace the enjoyment which the gods
Do give. Take it !
ACCIUS
23
Nonius, 16, 14 : ' Lactare ' est inducere vel mulgere, vellere,
decipere ... —
tanta ut frustrando lactans vanans protrahas.
Cp. Non., 184, 2.
24-5
Nonius, 487, 24 : ' Specis ' pro specubus. Accius Alcmeone —
Chorus
quod di in terrain infernam penitus
depressum altis clausere specis.
26-7
Nonius, 132, 9 : ' Laetitudinem ' pro laetitia ... —
Ut me deposit um imnierentem nuntio repent ino
alacrem
reddidisti atque excitasti ex luctu in laetitudinem !
28-9
Nonius, 487, 29 : ' Generibus ' pro generis ... —
. . . Qui ducat, cum te socerum viderit,
generibus tantam esse inpietatem ?
^^ tanta ut cdd, 16 tanta cdd. 184 tanta vi Scioppius
fata ut Buecheler tantum Voss. tenta Bergk.
^* terram infernam Linds. in t. infemum Buecheler
in sedem infernam Mr. alii alia interdum inferam cdd.
Non., 132 : laetitudinem coni. Mr. laetitudine cdd.
2* immerentem cdd.; var. tcmptant docti nuntio. r. a.
Bothe r. a. n. Buecheler a. repente nuntio Maehly
tarn repente n. Vossius r. n. alacrem cdd.
334
PLAYS
23
Nonius : ' Lactare ' (wheedle, dupe) means to lead on or
coax, ' fleece,' cheat ... —
That by your tricks you may prolong affairs
So great, thus wheedling, trifling.
On the fate of Amphiaraus'^ during the expedition against
Thebes :
24-5
Xonius ' Specis ' for ' specubus.' Accius in Alcniaeon —
Chorus
because the gods thrust him down far into the earth
below and imprisoned him in deep caverns.
26-7
Phegeus greets Alcmaeon ? :
Nonius : ' Laetitudinem ' for ' laetitiam ' . . . —
Oh ! How you've made me glad by sudden tidings.
Who was downcast, and yet deserved it not.
And roused me out of grief to joyousness !
28-9
A friend addresses Phegeus, who has discovered Alcmaeon' s
trick :
Nonius : ' Generibus ' for ' generis ' . . . —
What man on seeing you, the wife's own father,
Would think there was disloyalty so great
In daughters' husbands ? ^
" Or, if we take quod as which. Chaos may be meant. Or we
may take it as quod, whither.
^ sc. in particular Alcmaeon who had in bigamy married
Calirrhoe and had now further tricked Arsinoe. Cf. R., 502.
335
ACCIUS
30-1
Nonius, 116, 14 : ' Grandaevitas.' Accius Alcimaeone —
Phegeus
quia nee vos nee ille inpune irrideret meani
grandaevitatem.
32
Nonius, 181, 14: ' Tarditudine ' et ' tarditie ' pro tar-
ditate ... —
Atque eecos segnis somno et tarditudine.
ALPHESIBOEA
The version followed by Accius in this play would be the
one where the daughter of Phegeus of Psophis whom Alcmaeon
married is not Arsinoe but Alphesiboea, to whom he gave the
necklace that once l)elongcd to his mother. Thro\\Ti into
frenzies, because of her murder, Alcmaeon went to Achelous,
married Calirrhoe and begat Acarnan and Amphoterus. She
33-4
Nonius, 469, 25 : ' Cunctant ' pro cunctahtur. Accius
Alphesiboea —
Alcmeo
ita territa membra animo aegroto
cunctant suflferre laborem.
35-6
Nonius, 279, 24 : ' Deponere ' est desperare, unde et de-
positi desperati dicuntur ... —
Etsi est in malis
depositus animus, quae scibo exinde audiet.
3* animus meus cdd. seclude mens Bothe exinde
audiet cdd. var. mutant docti
336
PLAYS
30-1
Phegeus to Akmaeon and his supporters :
Nonius : ' Grandaevitas.' Accius in Alcmaeon — •
Phegeus
. . . because would neither he nor you
Make my grandeldership a laughing-stock.
32
Xonius : ' Tarditudine ' and ' tarditie ' for ' tarditate ' . . . — •
Why there they are, all slack with sleep and sloth.
ALPHESIBOEA
sent him to Psophis for the necklace, and Phegeus' sons
Temenus and Axion murdered him, and dedicated the necklace
at Delphi (Paus., VIII, 24, 7 ff.). Alphesiboea apparently
avenged her husband by killing her brothers (Prop., I, 15,
15 ff.)- Hyginus has a different version. Cf. the story of
Alcmaeon, pp. 332-3, and R., 504-5. _
33-4
Alcmaeon in a fit of madness :
Xonius : ' Cunctant ' for ' cunctantur.' Accius in
Alphesiboea —
Akmaeon
So sick is my heart, so slow are my limbs to undergo
the labour.
35-6
Nonius : ' Deponere ' means to despair; whence ' deposit! '
also is a term often used for the desperate ... —
Though my heart is downcast in misfortunes, he
shall hear forthwith all that I shall come to know.
337
VOL. II. Z
ACCIUS
37
Nonius, 15, 3 : ' Enoda ' significat explana ... —
Quid tarn obscuridicum est tamne inenodabile ?
38
Nonius, 496, 31 : ' Veretur ' illam rem . . . veteribus
genetivus pro accusative poni placet . . . (497, 2) . . . —
Phegeus
Si tiii veretur te progenitoris, cedo.
39-40
Nonius, 485, 23 : ' Aspecti ' pro aspectus ... —
. . . o dirum hostificumque diem, o
vim torvam aspecti atque horribiiem !
41
Nonius, 73, 25 : ' Angustitatem ' dictum pro angustia ... —
sed angustitatem inclusam ac saxis squalidam,
42
Nonius, 136, 13 : ' Miseritudine ' pro miseria vol miseri-
cordia ... —
Phegeus
cum ipsa siniitu miscritudo meorum nulla est liberum.
^' quid tarn i^Zor. 2 qui itam Lw. itara (?. nam quid
hie tarn Ribb. quid ? itane vel quid ita ? tamne Bothe
obscuridicum Mercier obscure dictum Bothe obscuri
dicunt cdd.
*^ sed cdd. sei L se Buecheler angustitatem
cdd. angustitate Voss. saxis cdd. saxi Voss.
*2 simitu vel siet. Ah (siet Voss.) Bothe sim ita Bue-
cheler simeta cdd.
PLAYS
37
The Pythian oracle advised Alcmaeon to he 'purified by
Achdous :
Nonius : ' Enoda ' (unknot) means explain ... — ■
What else is there so darklysaid as this,
So undisknottable ?
38
Phegeus to his daughter Alphesiboea ?
Nonius : ' Veretur ' with the accusative . . . the old writers
like to put the genitive for the accusative ... — ■
Phegeus
If for your ancestor you have respect,
Then tell me.
39-40
Grief of Alphesiboea over Alcmaeon'' s death ? :
Nonius : ' Aspecti ' for ' aspectus ' . . . —
Oh ! Day most dreadful, making foes of friends !
Oh ! Violence grim and horrible of aspect !
41
Alphesiboea is imprisoned by her brothers :
Nonius : ' Angustitatem ' used for ' angustiam ' . . . —
but narrowness, shut in, and rough with rocks,
42
Alphesiboea has killed her brothers ; lament of Phegeus :
Nonius : ' Miseritudine ' for ' miseria ' or ' misericordia '
Phegeus
When too there 's even no pity for my children.
339
z2
ACCIUS
43
Nonius, 280, 4 : ' Dedicare ' est dicare. . . . Indicare,
Accius Alphesiboea —
At vereor cum te esse Alcmeonis fratrem factis
dedicat.
44
Nonius, 512, 14 : ' Cautim ' pro caute ... —
. . . Sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum.
AMPHITRYO
We do not know what version of the story was followed by
Accius, and so we cannot determine with any probability the
order of the fragments, Ribbeck, 553 flf., suggests three
possible versions, of which the first seems preferable.
There came once to Electryon (king of Mycenae, father
of Alcmene, and brother of Mcstor) the sons of Pterelaus
with their grandfather Taphios (a son of Mestor's daughter)
from Taphos Island and demanded a share in the kingdom of
Mycenae; in the clash which followed between the sons of
Electryon and the sons of Pterelaus, the only survivors were
Likymnius, bastard son of Electryon, and Everes a son of
Pterelaus. To his nephew Amphitryon Electryon entrusted
the government of Mycenae and the guardianship of Alcmene
while Electryon went to war with the Teleboans of Taphos.
But Amphitryon accidentally killed Electryon, and, banished
by his brother and successor Sthenelus, went with Alcmene to
45-6
Nonius, 224, 6 : ' .Sanguis ' . . . neutro . . . Accius
Amphitryone —
cum patre parvos patrium hostifice
sanguine sanguen miscere suo.
Non. 280 : dicare e. d. Indicare Accius Linds. (vide Linds.
ad I.) M. Tullius ***** Dedicare indicare Accius Mr.
Dedicare est dicare . m . tullius accius Lu.G. dicare. m.
accius rdl.
PLAYS
Unplaced fragments.
43
Spoken to Amphilochns :
Nonius : ' Dedicare,' the same as ' dicare.' . . . The same
as 'indicare' in Accius in Alphesihoea —
But I am in dread, since he declares by facts
That you are brother of Alcmaeon.
44
Nonius : ' Cautim ' for ' caute ' . . . —
But warily you must approach the man.
AMPHITRYON
Thebes, where she declared that she would marry the avenger
of her brothers and no other. Amphitryon with other leaders
laid waste Taphos of the Teleboans. Comaetho, daughter of
Pterelaus, loved Amphitrj-on, and cut off from her father's
head the golden hair which had made him immortal. He now
died, and the Taphians were subdued. But Amphitryon killed
Comaetho and returned to Thebes (cf, Apollod., II, 4, 4 ff.).
In the most important variant of this theme, Electryon and
his sons are killed in war against the Teleboans, and Alcmene
will marry the avenger of her father; Amphitryon becomes
this avenger and marries her. Accius, however, probably
followed the same story as Apollodorus tells. Without any
feeling of certainty, I suggest that the play contained three
scenes, one at Mycenae (represented perhaps by lines 45-9),
another at Thebes (represented perhaps by lines 50-4), and
a third at Taphos,
45-6
Comparison of the slaughter of the brothers idth something
ivorse ? :
Nonius : ' Sanguis ' . . .in the neuter. , . . Accius in
Amphitryon —
That little ones with their father foemanwise
Mingle a father's blood with their own blood.
*3 Alcmeonis Linds. Alcimeonis Ribb. Alcmaeonis
vulg. almeonis cdd.
341
ACCIUS
47
Nonius, 292, 7 : * Exanclare ' etiam significat perpeti ... —
pertolerarem vitam cladesque exanclarem inpetibilis.
48
Nonius, 255, 30 : ' Comparare ' est sociare, coniungere ... —
quin meum senium cum dolore tuo coniungam et
comparem.
49
Nonius, 1,6: ' Aetatem malam ' senectutem veteres
dixerunt ... —
An mala aetate mavis male mulcari exemplis omni-
bus ?
50
Nonius, 179, 14 : ' Tonsus ' pro tonsura ... —
Set quaenam haec mulier est funesta veste, tonsu
lugubri ?
51-2
Nonius, 116, 2 : * Gracilitudo ' . . . pro gracilitas ... —
tamen et staturae gracilitudo propemodum et luctus
facit
ne dubitem.
53
Nonius, 39, 22 : ' Ordire ' est . . . incipere ... —
(A) Non parvam rem ordibor. (B) Ne retice, obsecro !
*'^ a. m. e. q. s. cdd. a. m. | a. te m. Onions an mavis
mala | aetate male Nettleship Araphitryone malam a. Mr.
an mala | a. m. C. F. W. Mr. an malad a. Ribb.
" parvam cdd. parvulam Bothe parvam iam Mr.
342
PLAYS
47
Electryon bewails his bereavement ? :
Nonius : ' Exanclare ' also means to bear to the end ... —
I should endure my life unto the end,
Drain out the dregs of hurts insufferable.
48
He grieves with Alcmene ? :
Nonius : ' Comparare ' (to compare) means to associate,
to join with ... —
That I should not join or associate
My old age with your grief.
49
Amphitryon to Electryon ? :
Nonius : ' Aetas mala ' is a term which the old writers used
for old age ... —
You'd rather in your sad senility
Be sadly bruised by every kind of torture ?
50
Electryon is killed. Approach of Alcmene :
Nonius : ' Tonsus ' for ' tonsura ' . . . —
But who's this woman, in a dress of mourning,
Her hair in sorrow's fashion shorn ?
51-2
Nonius : ' Gracilitudo ' . . . for ' gracilitas ' . . . —
But still her stature's slenderness, her grief
Removes nigh all my doubts.
53
The conditions on which Alcmene will marry ? :
Nonius : ' Ordire ' means . . .to begin ... —
(A) No little thing I will begin to tell,
(B) Do not be silent, pray!
343
ACCIUS
54
Nonius, 146, 16 : ' Orbitudinis ' pro ' orbitate ' . . . —
Miseret lacrimarum luctuum orbitudinis.
55
Festus, 220, 7 : ' Obstinato,' offirmato, perscveranti ... —
ut tarn obstinatod animo confisus tiio,
56
Nonius, 469, 3 : ' Auguro ' . . . —
... Si satis recte aut vera ratione augurem,
57
Festus, 510, 22 : ' Setius ' a sero videtur dictum ... —
Si forte paulo quam tu veniam setius,
Cp. Paul., ex F., 511, 3.
58-9
Nonius, 516, 3 : ' Temeritcr ' . . . —
Ilocinest quo tarn temeriter tu meam benevolentiam
interisse es ratus ?
^^ ut tarn Vat. lat. 3369 aut earn 1549 obstinatod
Ribb. obstinato Fest.
^' si Fest. ne si Paul. fortasse nisi setius Fest.
Paul, {item in lemm.) secius vtl sequius S
5*-^ hocincst Ribb. hoccine est Delrio hocin rest
Mr. hocin re est Linds. hoc in re est cdd. quo
cdd. (quod Harl.) quor coni. Mr. tarn temeriter tu
Ribb. tu tarn t. cdd.
344
PLAYS
54
Amphitryon consents to go against the Teleboans :
Nonius : ' Orbitudinis ' for ' orbitatis ' . . . —
Oh ! I am sorry for your tears and sobs
And your bereavement.
Unplaced fragments :
55
Festus : ' Obstinate, ' resolute, persevering ... —
that, confident in your so steadfast spirit,
56
Nonius : ' Auguro.' ... — ■
If I with truth enough and reason right
Might guess,
57
Festus : ' Setius ' " seems to be a term derived from
' serus ' . . . —
If maybe I come a httle later than you,
58-9
Nonius : ' Temeriter ' . . . —
Is this the thing through which you believed
thoughtlessly my goodwill had passed away }
" There is no point in Festus' explanation {setius he takes
to mean serius) unless setius = sequius is here used in its
original sense of 'later' (cp. sequor). But setius normally
means ' worse ' or ' otherwise.' Did Verrius, Festus' source,
have before him a text where serius was misspelt setius ?
345
ACCIUS
60-1
Nonius, 165, 21 : ' Redhostit,' rcddit . . .—
Cedo
ecquid hie redhostit iam cum et earn rem obiectet
facihus ?
Cp. Test., 370, 21.
ANDROMEDA
It is probable that, unlike the method followed by Euripides
and Ennius (see Remains of Old Latin, Vol. I, pp. 254 ff.), the
action of Aecius' play began earlier than the exposing of
Andromeda to the monster. Aecius' model is unknown. Cf.
R., 561 ff. Because Cassiope (Cassiepeia), wife of King
Cepheus of Ethiopia, claimed that her beauty (or that of her
62
Nonius, 20, 23 : ' Circus ' dicitur omnis ambitus vel goerus ;
cuius diminutivum est circulus. Aecius Andromeda —
quot luna eircos annuo in eursu institit,
63
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 504, 7 : ' Ninguo ' quoque ninxi,
unde et nix ... —
Cepheus
cum ninxerint caelestium molem mihi.
( Non. : quid hie redostit viam cometem obbiet(obtet)
^""i I facilius
[ Fesl. : cedo ecquid teredhosti titum cum eas sem
obiectet facilius fortasse sam rem redhostit vim
Quich. obbitet Ribb. restitui iit potni. Cf. Ribh. ad I.
®- eircos Mercier circles OSann circulos cdd.
^^ ninxerint cdd. (ninxerit Bern, an recte ?) ninxerit c.
molimine Grotius
346
PLAYS
60-1
Nonius : ' Redhostit ' (requite), returns ... — ■
Tell" me, does this man make any requital while
now he may more easily cast even that same thing
as a reproach ?
ANDROMEDA
daughter Andromeda?) was greater than the beauty of
Nereus' daughters, Neptune sent floods and a sea-monster to
plague the land. Relief could come only if Andromeda were
given to the beast to be devoured. So she was chained to
a seaside rock. Perseus rescued Andromeda and married
her.
62
From the prologue ; * the misfortunes of the land ; the monster
is fed once a month ? :
Nonius : ' Circus ' is a term used for every sort of ring or
circuit; its diminutive is ' circulus.' Accins in Andromeda —
Circuits as many as the moon has entered
In a year's course.
63
Cepheus to his brother Phineus :
Priscianus : ' Ninguo ' also has for its perfect ' ninxi,'
whence also ' nix ' . . . —
Cepheus
Since they have snowed on me a mass of things
From heavenly regions.*^
" This fr, is very corrupt. Cf. R., 556; and Trag. Fragm.,
pp. 147-8 and corollar., LI-LII. I have attempted to restore
the line.
^ Possibly spoken by Cepheus or Cassiepeia.
'^ A doubtful and obscure fr. It might refer to the floods
sent by Neptune to trouble the land. R., 561-2.
347
ACCIUS
64
Macrobius, ap. G.L., V, 606, 37 : ' Fero, tuli ' et ' tollo
tuli ' . . . Accius in Andromeda etiam ex eo quod est tulo . . .
declinat —
Nisi quid tiia facultas nobis tiilat opem, peream.
65
Nonius, 423, 27 : ' Pudet ' et ' piget.' . . . —
Pkineus
Nee quei te adiutem invenio ; hortari piget, non
prodesse id pudet.
66-7
Nonius, 174, 22 : ' Segnitas ' pro segnitia ' . . . —
Cepheus
namque, ut dicam te metu
aut segnitate adiuvere addubitare, haut meum est.
68-9
Nonius, 425, 6 : ' Fors ' et ' Fortuna ' hoc distant : fors
est casus temporalis, fortuna dea est ipsa ... —
Multi iniquo, mulier, animo sibi mala auxere in malis
quibus natura prava magis quam fors aut Fortuna
obfuit.
^* quid Bothe quod odd. opem peream A. Kiess-
ling (opem Bothe) tulat operam cdd.
*5 qui Tun. quiete cdd. hortari pudet cdd. h.
piget Scriverius id pudet cdd. id piget Aid.
««-' namque u. d. t. m, a. s. cdd. n. u. t. m. | a. s. d.
Vossius
*^ adiuvere addubitare cdd. adire vel tardum dubitare
Buecheler adiuvere dubitare Ribb. adductum d. Onions
te animi (ai) d. vel te autem (at) d. coni. Linds.
348
PLAYS
64
Macrobius : ' Fero ' and ' tollo ' both have ' tuli ' in the
perfect. . . . But Accius, in Andromeda, inflects from a form
' tulo ' . . . T—
Unless your power could bring us any help,
Then I should perish,
65
Phineus* reply :
Nonius : ' Pudet ' and ' piget.' ... —
Phineus
Nor can I find a way whereby to help you ;
To encourage — that disgusts me ; not to aid —
But that disgraces " me.
66-7
Cepheus to Phineus :
Nonius : ' Segnitas ' for ' segnitia ' . . . —
Cepheus
For, that through dread or sloth you hesitate
To giye your help — is not for me to say.^
68-9
Exhortation to Cassiepeia or Andromeda :
Nonius : ' Fors ' and ' Fortuna ' differ in this : ' fors ' is an
occurrence of the moment, ' Fortuna ' is the goddess her-
self ... —
Woman,
Many a man in his unrighteous heart
In mischiefs mischief has for himself enlarged ;
Then has his crooked nature done more hurt
Than chance or Lady Fortune.
" This rendering reproduces the jingle of piget . . . pudet.
* Cp. Ov., Met., V, 22 ; R., 562.
349
ACCIUS
70
Nonius, 323, 10 : ' Inmane,' foedum ... —
Immani tabe templum obvallatum ossibus.
71
Nonius, 72, 8 : ' Algu ' pro ' algore ' . . . —
Andromeda
Misera obvalla saxo sento paedore alguque et fame.
72
Nonius, 487, 6 : ' Vapor ' et ' vapos ' . . . —
Andromeda
qui neque terraest datus, nee cineris causa umquam
evasit vapos.
73
Nonius, 395, 11: ' 8egetem ' etiam ipsam terram dici-
mus ... —
Perseus
Quod beneficium haut sterili in segete, rex, te
obsesse intelleges.
Noil. 323 : Accius Automedia odd. Hippodamia Ladewig
in Andromeda ed. 1476
'° inmani tabe Mercier immane te habet Aid. in-
manitate habet te cdd.
'^ obvalla cdd. obvallata Delrio obvallas Bothe
obvallor quid. ap. Usener sento Ribb. senio cdd.
fortasse rccte
PLAYS
70
PersetLS ? to Andromeda :
Nonius : ' Inmaiie,' foul ... —
A precinct loathsome with unclean decay,
En walled with bones.
71
Andromeda to Perseus :
Nonius : ' Algu ' for ' algore ' . . . —
Andromeda
Wretched and enwalled " with jagged rock,
In filth and cold and hunger.
72
Nonius : ' Vapor ' and ' vapos ' . . . —
Andromeda
Who has not been delivered to the ground ;
Nor smoke has floated up of ashes made.^
73
Perseus to Cepheus, who hus promised him Andromeda :
Nonius : ' Seges ' is a term we use even for the ground
itself ... —
Perseus
This kindness, you will understand, O king,
That you have sown it in no barren cornfield.
" If obvalla is wrong, we must read obvallata.
''She refers to some of the unburied relics which lie round
her.
ACCIUS
74
Nonius, 422, 15 : ' Alere ' et educare hoc distant : alere est
victu temporali sustentare, educare aiitem ad satietatem
perpetuam educere ... —
Cepheus
Alui educavi ; id facite gratum ut sit seni.
75
Nonius, 95, 24 : ' Dividos,' id est separatos ... —
Perseus
nosque ut seorsum dividos leto ofFeres.
76
Nonius, 178, 14 : ' Tetulit,' tulit . . . —
Andromeda
donee tu auxilium, Perseu, tetulisti mihi.
77
Nonius, 109, 24 : ' Faniulitas ' est servitus ... —
nam postquam parvos vos oppressit famulitas,
78
Nonius, 64, 5 : ' Prolubium ' . . . —
muliebrc ingenium, prolubium, occasio.
352
PLAYS
74
Andromeda's parents do not wish to part with her : "
Nonius : ' Alere ' and ' educare ' differ in this : ' alere '
means to sustain with food as occasion demands; but
' educare ' means to bring up to a perpetual self-sufficing.
Cepheus
I fed her, reared her ; so behave you then
That to an old man it be cause of thanks.
75
Perseus and Andromeda cannot live without each other ? :
Nonius : ' Dividos ' (divided), that is, separated ... —
Perseus
And as you will expose us unto death,
So sundered and divided.
76
Andromeda to Perseus :
Nonius : ' Tetulit,' the same as ' tulit ' . . . —
Andromeda
Until you brought me aid, O Perseus.
Unplaced fragments :
77
Nonius : ' Famulitas ' means slavery ... —
for after thraldom had cruyhed you in your child-
hood,
78
Nonius : ' Prolubium ' . . . —
a woman's nature, lust, and opportunity.
" Note that Andromeda had already been betrothed to
Phineus.
353
VOL. II. A A
ACCIUS
ANTENOllIDAE
\\c cannot be certain of either plot or model (R., 406 &.), but
there was a play ' AvT-qi-opiBai, which probably dramatised the
following (Strabo, XIII, 608; cp. Livy, I, 1) : When Troy was
taken, a leopard-skin, hung at Antenor's house (there was
possibly another at Aeneas'), was a sign that the Greeks were
not to sack it. Both Antenor and Aeneas held rights of
guestship with, the Greeks and had always advised the restora-
79
Nonius, 126, 33 : ' Integrare,' rcdintegrare . . . Accius
Antenoridis —
Namque hue id venio, ut mea ope opes Troiae
integreni.
80-1
Xonius, 341, 20 : ' Mactare,' praecipitare ... —
qui aut illoruni copias
fundam in campo, aut navis uram aut eastra mactabo
in mare.
82
Nonius, 513, 22 : ' Celcranter ' pro ccleriter ... —
Sed quis hie est qui matutinuni cursum hue celeranter
rapit ?
83-5
Nonius, 512, 31 : * Aequiter ' pro acque ... —
Ad populum intellego
referundum, quoniam horum aequiter sententiae
fuere.
'^ id venio Vossius em v. Ribb. venio lun. ad-
venio Bothe huce v. coni. Usener hue invenio cdd,
354
PLAYS
ANTENOR'S SONS
tion of Helen to Menelaus. Antenor and his sons escaped with
the survivors of the Heneti or Eneti to Thrace, and thence
came to Aclria, while Aeneas with his father Anchises and his
son Ascanius gathered followers and departed by sea. The
fragments tell us nothing except that at least part of the action
takes place before the fall of Troy.
79
Someone comes to help Troy :
Nonius : ' Integrare,' the same as ' redintegrare ' . . .
Accius in Antenor' s Sons —
For this is why I hither come —
That with my powers I may amend Troy's power.
80-1
In another speech {in a different metre) he says he will damage
the Greeks :
Nonius : ' Mactare,' to dash headlong ... —
I who will either rout
Their hosts upon the battlefield, or burn
Their ships, or dash their camp into the sea.
82
A scene in early morning :
Nonius : ' Celeranter ' for ' celeriter ' . . . —
But who is this runs hither hurryingly
In early morning ?
83-5
A council of war ? :
Nonius : ' Aequiter ' for ' aeque ' . . . —
I understand this matter must be laid
Before the people ; since the votes of these
Have fallen equal.
35S
A. A 2
ACGIUS
86
Nonius, 138, 30 : ' Mertaret,' mergeret ... —
Fortasse an sit quod hie non mertaret metus.
ANTIGONA
87
Nonius, 165, 1 : ' Resupinas ' . . . ab iuccpto revocas vel
pervertis significat. Accius Antigona —
Ismena
Quid agis ? Perturbas rem omnem ac resupinas,
soror.
88-9
Soph., Ant., 82 IS. ot/Ltot raXaivT]s <^S vnepSeBoiKo. oov.
Macrobius, S., VI, 2, 17 : '0 praestans animi iuvenis,
quantum ipse feroci | virtute exuperas, tanto me impensius
aequum est | consulere, atque omnes metuentem expendere
casus ' (Verg., Aen., XII, 19-21). Accius in Antigona —
. . . Quanto magis te isti modi esse intellego,
tanto, Antigona, magis me par est tibi consulere et
parcere.
90
? Soph., Ant., 423 5. -fj nats opdrai, KavaKcoKvei . . .
Nonius, 357, 22 : ' Obitus ' rursus adventus ... —
Vigil
Attat ; nisi me fallit in obitu sonitus,
®^ sit quod hie non mertaret Linds. (mertaret lun.) sit
quod Lu. sit quos G. mertet cdd. sint quos hice
Ribb.
PLAYS
86
Nonius : ' Mertaret,' the same as ' mergeret ' . . . —
Perhaps there may be something which this dread
Would never dro^vn.
ANTIGONE «
87
Early in the play. Ismene to Antigone :
Xonius : ' Resupinas ' (turn back, throw flat) . . . ' you
call back from an undertaking,' or ' pervert.' Accius in
Aritigone —
Is)ne?ie
What are you doing ? Sister ! You confound
And throw flat all our business.
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' 0 youth of gallant heart, as
much as you tower in fierce valiance, so much the more watch-
ful counsel, is it right for me to take and fearfully to weigh
all chances.' Accius in Antigone —
The more I comprehend that that's your mood,
The more, Antigone, is it fair for me
To take good counsel for your well-being,
And spare you.
90
Early morning. Watchers over Polyneices' body lie asleep ;
the sentry hears Antigone's cry as she sees the corpse :
Xonius : ' Obitus ' (approach, coming) again means arrival
Sentry
. . . Tut Tut ! Unless it be
The sound in coming to my ears deceives me,
" Probably not based entirely on Sophocles' 'AvrcyovTj.
357
ACCIUS
91-2
?Soph., Ant.,' 25ii s. ottcos 8' 6 TrpioTos riyuv rjfiepoaKonos
Nonius, 104, 14 : ' Expergo ' pro expergefacio ... —
Hens vigiles, properate expergite
pectora tarda sopore, exsurgite !
93-4
Soph., Ant., 922 AN. ti xPV H-^ '^V^ hvcrrr^vov is dcoiis Iti |
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 59 : ' lam iam nee maxima luno | nee
Saturnius haec oculis pater adspicit acquis ' (Verg. Aen., IV,
371). Accius in Antigona —
Antigona
iam iam nequc di regiint
neque profecto deum supremus rex res curat homini-
bus.
95
?Soph., A)ll., 1091 XO. avT^p, avai, jSe^T^Kf Seim decmiaas.
Nonius, 3.52, 16 : ' Numero ' significat cito ... —
. . . Ne istum numero amittas subitum oblatum.
ARMORUM JUDICIUM
The story is the same as the one used by Pacuvius for his
play of the same name (see pp. 172 &.). But Accius apparently
took his material from Euripides and Sophocles, not Aeschylus
°* suprcraus rex Borb. summus rex cctt. rex sum-
mus Bothe res curat hominibus Buecheler omnibus
curat cdd.
^^ oblatum <nuntium> coni. Ribb.
358
PLAYS
91-2
The sentry rouses the guard : *
Nonius : ' Expergo ' for ' expergefacio ' . . . —
Ho ! Men of the watch, hurry there ! Wake up
your slow senses from sleep. Get up !
93-4
Antigone is arrested, is examined by Creon, and faces death :
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Now neither almighty Juno,
nor Father Jupiter Saturn's son, looks with kind eyes on
these our affairs.' Accius in Antigone —
AntigOTie
Now the gods rule not, now the all-highest king
Of gods cares not at all for men's concerns.
95
Chorus begs Creon not to dismiss Teiresias ? :
Nonius : ' Numero ' (forthwith) means quickly ... —
Dismiss not him forthwith who suddenly
Was brought into your presence.*^
THE AWARD OF THE ARMS
(of. G. Hermann, O'pusc, VII, 365 ff.; R., 368 ff.), and
possibly dealt less with the actual contest for the arms than
Pacuvius did.
" An obscure fr. It is usual to compare Soph., Ant.,
1091, but the Latin suggests an interruption of the Chorus
not long after the entry, not the departure, of Teiresias,
Cf, Soph., Ant., 1053 ff.
359
ACCIUS
96-7
Nonius, 415, 28 : ' Vesci '*etiam significat uti . . . (416, 6)
Accius Armonim ludicio —
Sed ita Achilli armis inclutis vesci studet
ut cuncta opima levia iam prae illis putet.
Nonius, 257, 16 : ' Componere ' rursus significat comparare
Aiax
Quid est cur componere ausis mihi te aut me tibi ?
99-100
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 56 : ' Aut spoliis ego iam raptis
laudabor opimis, | aut leto insigni' (Verg., Aen., X, 449-450).
Accius in Armorum ludicio —
nam tropaeum ferre me a forti viro
pulcrum est ; si autem vincar, vinci a tali nullum mi
est probrum.
101
Nonius, 96, 22 : ' Dividia ' . . . —
Aiax
Huius me dividia cogit plus quam est par loqui.
'^ armis inclutis Voss. incletis a. cdd.
*' ut cuncta opima Mercier u. c. aperte Hermann
iam add. Hermann levia prae illius p. Mr. ut ea
cuncta optima Achilli inclyto levia prae illis putet cdd. {seclud.
ea Achilli inclyto Mercier)
^"^ sin autem et v. Fruter. si a. et v. edd. a. a.
etiam v. Hermann mi add. Hermann v. nullumst
a tali p. Bergk.
360
PLAYS
96-7
Ajax^s longing :
Nonius : ' Vesci ' also means to use . . . Aceius in The
Alvard of the Arms — •
But such his eagerness to feast upon
Achilles' famous arms, he now believes
All spoils of honour trifling things compared
With those.
98
Competition of the claimants :
Nonius : ' Componere ' (match, compare) again means to
compare ... —
Ajax
What cause have you that you have dared to match
Yourself with me, myself with you ?
99-100 .
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Now shall I be lauded either for
taking spoils of honour or for a notable death.' Aceius in
The Award of the Arms —
Because it is an honourable thing
I should win trophy from a warrior brave ;
But if I should be vanquished, to be vanquished
By such an one to me is no dishonour.
101
Ajax on his rival Ulysses :
Nonius : ' Dividia ' . . . —
Ajax
Disaffection for him
Drives me to utter more than what is right.
361
ACCIUS
102
Nonius, 521, 4 : ' Inbuere ' . . . maculare vel polluere
vel inficere ... —
inter quos saepe et multo inbutos sanguine
103-8
auct., ad Herenn., II, 26, 42 : Item vitiosum est cum id, de quo
summa controversia est, parum expeditur et quasi transaetum
sit relinquitur, hoc modo —
Aperte fatur dictio, si intellegas :
tali dari arma, qualis qui gessit fuit,
iubet, potiri si studeamus Pergamum.
Quern ego me profiteer esse, me est aecum frui
fraternis armis mihique adiudicarier
vel quod propinquus vel quod virtuti aemulus . . .
109-14
Cicero, de Off., Ill, 26, 97 : Quid auditurum putas fuisse
Ulixem, si in ilia simulationc perse vera visset ? Qui, cum
maximas res gesserit in bello, tamen haec audiat ab Aiace —
Cuius ipse princeps iuris iurandi fuit,
quod omnes scitis, solus neglexit fidem ;
furere adsimulare, ne coiret, institit.
^"2 inbutos cdd. inilnitus Bothe, an rccte ? fortasse
est multo inbutus
i"3-8 vifie nifji^^ Trag. Fragm., p. 242.
^"^ emulus sum Bamh. h Tross. fortasse rede; om. rell.
" This and the next two frs. are with probability assigned
to this play of Accius.
362
PLAYS
102
Ajax on his own services in xoarjare, :
Nonius : ' Inbuere ' (imbue, soak) ... to stain or pollute
or taint ... —
amongst them oft too soaked with much blood
103-8
The author of To Herennius : Again, there is a fault when
a matter about which there is the a cutest controversy is not
satisfactorily settled, and is relinquished as though it were
an agreed fact, in this manner — • '^
Plain is the meaning which his utterance speaks —
If you could understand it. — He commands,
Should we be eager to gain Pergamum,
The arms be given to such another man
As he who bore them. Such I profess to be ;
It is but fair that I enjoy the arms
That were my cousin's ; ^ fair that they should be
Adjudged to me, because I am his kinsman.
Or, if you will, in bravery his rival . . .
109-14
Cicero : What kind of reproach do you think Utysses
would have heard if he had persevered in that notorious
pretence ? Even when he has done in war deeds of the
greatest bravery, none the less he hears the following
reproaches from the mouth of Ajax —
Yes, he alone did slight the promised word
Of that sworn oath he was the first to take,
Which you all know ; he set about pretending
That he was crazed, so that he should not fight ;
^ Ov,, Met., XIII, 31, frater (cousin) erat : fraferna pefo.
Ajax, the speaker here, was a cousin of AchiUes.
3^3
ACCIUS
Quod ni Palamedi perspicax prudcntia
istius percepset malitiosam audaciam,
fide sacratae ius perpetuo falleret.
115-17
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 283, 20 : ' Schema dianoeas.' . . .
Per ' mycterismon,' id est derisum quondam, tamquam —
Vidi te, Ulixes, saxo sternentem Hectora,
vidi tegentem clipeo classem Doricam ;
ego tunc pudendam trepidus hortabar fugam.
118
? Soph., Ak, 305 s. vol 1227.
Nonius, 120, 26 : ' Hiscere ' est proprie loqui ... —
Hem, vereor plus quam fas est captivam hiscere.
119
Soph., Ai., 462 s.
Nonius, 276, 26 : ' Damnare ' est et morti dare ... —
Aiax
Maior erit luctus cum me damnatum audiet.
^^3 percepset efW. pcrspexetO. F. W.Mr. percepissct
add. audaciam cdd. praet. Gud. a (astutiam)
^^8 captivam Grotius captivnm cdd.
" Feigning madness, Ulysses began to plough, with an ox
and an ass yoked, a field sown with salt; Palamedes dis-
covered the deceit by placing Ulysses' baby son Telomachus
in front of the plough.
364
PLAYS
If Palamedes," in sharp-sighted shrewdness
Had not perceived his knavish hardihood,
The code of pUghted troth would fail for ever.
115-17
Charisius : Figure of ' fact for idea.' . . . By ' a turning up
of the nose,' that is, a kind of mockery, like —
So it was you, Ulysses, that I saw
Fell Hector with a stone ; it was you I saw
Shelter the Dorian fleet behind your shield ?
Then I all trembling called for shameful flight ?
118
Later in the play ; Tecmessa on her misfortunes ? :
Nonius: 'Hiscere' (gape, open the mouth) properly means
to speak . . . —
Oh ! I fear my mouth to open
More than a captive '-' should.
119
Ajax broods on his father^s coming disappointment :
Nonius : ' Damnare ' (condemn, doom) means further to
put to death ... —
Ajax
Greater will be his grief when he shall hear
That I am doomed.*^
* If we read captivam, the speaker is Tecmessa ; if captivum,
Teucer.
" damnatum might, however, mean ' disqualified,' sc. from
gaining the arms.
ACCIUS
120-1
Soph., ^i., 530-2?
Nonius, 72, 29 : ' Anxitudo ' . . . —
Ubi cura est, ibi anxitudo acerba ibi ciincta consili-
orum
ratio et fortuna haesit.
122
Soph., Ai., 536.
Nonius, 173, 24 : ' Subiti ' dictum pro repentini ... —
Bene facis ; sed nunc quid subiti mihi febris civit
mali ?
123
Soph., Ai., 550 (Z TTal y4voLO irarpos evTv^dorepos, | ra 8' aAA'
ofJLOios' /cat yivoi dv ov KaKOs-
Macrobius, *S'., VI, 1, 58 : ' Disce puer virtutem ex me
verumque laborem, | fortunam ex aliis ' (Verg., Aen., XII,
435-6). Accius in Armorum ludicio —
Aiax
Virtuti sis par, dispar fortunis patris.
124
Soph., Ai., 609 s.
Nonius, 485, 13 : ' Exerciti ' vel ' exercituis ' pro cxercitus
in (juo salutis spes supremas sibi habet summa
exerciti.
120-1 acerba ibi Aid. acerbast i. Buechclcr acerva
(-ba) tibi cdd. cuncta cdd. cunctatio Buecheler
ratio et fortuna haesit Linds. crratio et fortunaest Bue-
cheler ratio et fortunae (-ne) sit cdd. (sic G.)
^22 febris civit Ribb. fibris aestuat Grotius excivit
Linds. febrem exciret Hermann febrem excivit Bothe
febris escivit cdd.
366
PI.AYS
120-1
He thinks of his child Eurysaces ? :
Nonius : ' Anxitudo ' . . . —
Wliere dwells anxiety, there lies sharp misgiving ;
There all a man's destiny, all his reasoned plans
Are in a deadlock.
122
He approves of Tecmessa's act in removing Eurysaces out of
his reach, and feels a trace of his frenzied wrath :
Nonius : ' Subiti ' used for ' sudden ' . . . — •
Well done ! But now what sudden malady
Is this a fever has aroused in me ?
123
He speaks to Eurysaces :
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Learn you, boy, bravery and
true labour from me, fortune from others.' Accius in The
Award of the Arms —
Ajax
... In valour be you like your father.
In fortune be unlike him.<*
124
The chorus ? on Ajax :
Nonius : ' Exerciti ' or ' exercituis ' for ' exercitus ' . . . —
In whom all the army rests its highest hopes
Of safety.
° literally, * Be like your father's valour, unlike his fortunes.'
^^^ virtuti sis Ribb. virtute sis Fruter. virtutis is
vel v. iis cdd. fortasse patri
^'^^ spes supremas lun. spesque (= speique) summam
Buecheler speres summas coni. Ribb. spes opesque
summas sibi coni. Linds. spesque summas cdd. (spes supre-
mas G.) fortasse salutem spesque summas
ACCIUS
125
Soph., Ai., 766 6 8' vipLKOfXTrc^s Kd<f>p6vuis TjixelipaTO'
Nonius, 487, 15 : ' Pervico ' pro pervicaci ... —
Nuntius
Sed pervico Aiax animo atque avorsabili,
126
? Soph., Ai., 1036—7 TK. eyoj [xev ovv Koi ravra Koi to. navr'
del I (fydaKOLfJi dv dvdpcoTroiai fir^xcvdv deovs' Cp. 758, 765.
Nonius, 361, 27 : ' Proprium ' rursum significat perpetuum
nam non facile sine deum opera humana propria
sunt bona.
127-8
Nonius, 237, 19 : ' Altum,' vetus, antiquum ... —
Ulixes ?
. . . Cur Vetera tarn ex alto appetissis
discidia, Agamemno ?
129-30
Nonius, 143, 19 : ' Noxitudo' pro noxia ... —
noxitudo . . .
oblitteretur Pelopidarum ac per nos sanctescat genus.
^^^ avorsabili Mr. advorsabili Ribb. alii alia ad-
vorabili Harl. Par. 7667 Escorial. vorabili LuG.
129-30 ocule noxitudo o. cdd. seel, ocule Ril)b. quei n.
Mr. uti n. coni. Linds. occule | noxitudo Vossius
alii alia noxitudo <mutua> | o. P. co7ii. Ribb.
368
PLAYS
125
Stubborn conduct of Ajax :
Nonius : ' Pervico ' for ' pervicaci ' . . .
Messenger
But Ajax with stubborn soul and unapproachable,
126
Tecmessa on the death of Ajax ?
Nonius : ' Proprium ' (one's own, permanent) again means
perpetual ... —
For hardly are the blessings of mankind
Men's own for ever, unless the gods do help.
127-8
Reconciliation of Teucer with the Atridae, under the mediation
of Ulysses :
Nonius : ' Altum,' old, ancient ... —
Ulysses ?
Why, Agamemnon, fetch up greedily
Old quarrels from such depths of time ?
129-30
Nonius : ' Noxitudd ' for ' noxia ' . . . —
That the guilt of Pelops' sons ^ be blotted out
And that, through us, enhallowed be their clan.
" Atreus and Thyestes. Ajax was connected with the
house of Pelops, because he was a son of Periboea, who was
a daughter of Alcathous, a son of Pelops.
369
VOL. II. B B
ACCIUS
ASTYANAX
The story of the slaying of Astyanax took several forms, and
the version followed by Aecius was perhaps the one given by
the augmenter of Scrvius on Acn., Ill, 489. After the capture
of Troy, adverse winds hindered the return of the Greeks.
Calchas informed them that the gods desired Astyanax to be
hurled down the city walls, lest he should grow to manhood and
131-2
Nonius, 467, 7 : ' Aucupavi,' activum positum pro passivo
. . . Aecius . . . Astyanacte —
Hecuba ?
Nunc in consilio id rcgcs Argivuni aucupant,
id quacrunt.
133
Nonius, 471, 11 : ' Populat.' ... —
qui nostra per vim patria populavit bona.
134-5
Nonius, 95, 6 : ' Deivitant ' pro divites faciunt ... —
Menelaus
Nihil credo auguribus, qui auris verbis deivitant
alienas, suas ut auro locupletent domos.
Cp. Gell., XIV, 1, 34.
^3^ concilio Delrio an recte ?
370
PLAYS
ASTYANAX
restore the kingdom of Troy. Andromache hid the child, but
Ulysses traced him and hurled him from the wall. The
Greeks then departed. Cf. Ribb., 412 &. On the question
of whether this play is the same as Troades, see p. 550 and
R., 416-418.
131-2
Fro7n the prologue. The Greeks are held back and are
impatient :
Nonius : ' Aucupavi,' active put for deponent. . . . Accius
... in Astyanax —
Hecuba ? «
This now is what the Argive monarchs seek,
For this in counsel they go fowHng.
133
On the destruction of Troy :
Nonius : ' Populat.* ... —
who ravaged our ancestral heritage by violence.
134-5
Menelaus ? * pours scorn on Galchas'' jjroclamation :
Nonius : ' Deivitant ' for ' divites faciunt ' . . . —
Menelaus
I've no belief in augurs, who enrich
With words the ears of others, that they may
Embellish their own homes with gold.
" So Seneca, Troades, 1 flf.
^ R., 414. It was Menelaus who advised the Achaeans to
return home.
3V
BB 2
ACCIUS
136-7
Nonius, 357, 2 : ' Obscenum,' vitabile ... —
Nunc, Calcha, fiiieni religioniim fac, desiste exercitum
morari nee nie ab domuitione areere tuo obseeno
omine. ""
138
Nonius, 510, 32 : ' Saeviter ' pro saeve ... —
mixes
Ferum feroci eontundenduni inperiost, saevum sae-
viter.
139-42
Nonius, 425, 6 : ' Fors ' et ' Fortuna ' hoc distant : fors
est casus temporalis, fortuna dea est ipsa ... — ■
Itera, in
quibus partibus, namque audire volo
si est quern exopto, et quo captus modo,
Fortunane an forte repertus ?
143-4
Nonius, 159, 5 : ' Pecua ' et ' pecuda ' ita ut pecora veteres
dixerunt ... —
In celsis niontibus
pecua atque inter colles pascunt Danai in Phrygiae
terminis.
^'*' huncaicaispinemregionumfacacdesissete.cc^/. nunc
Grotius Calcha Quich. finem B religionum Voss.,
Bothe fac desiste B alii alia ; vide Eibb. Tragm. Fr.,
p. 158
"7 domitione Mr. arcere tu obseeno cdd. tuo Mr.
arceret Mercier
144 Phrygiae t. cd. princ. froegiae et t. cdd.
372
PLAYS
136-7
Nonius : ' Obscenum ' (ill-boding), to be avoided ... —
Now Calchas, make an end of holy qualms ;
Cease to delay the army ; hinder me not
From homecoming by yom- ill-boding sign.*
138
Ulysses holds that Astyanax must be killed :
Nonius : ' Saeviter ' for ' saeve ' . . . —
Uli/sses
A brutish breed by brutish governance,
A cruel breed cruelly must bruised be.
139-42
Astyanax ha^ been taken in his hiding-place ; Ulysses
speaks ? :
Nonius : ' Fors ' and ' Fortuna ' differ in this : ' fors ' is a
chance event of the moment ; ' Fortuna ' is the goddess
herself ... —
Will you repeat — for I desire to know
If it is he whom I so long to get —
In what parts and what manner was he taken ?
Was he through Lady Fortune found or chance ?
143-4
The finder reports to Ulysses :
Nonius : ' Pecua ' and ' pecuda ' are terms used by the old
writers in the sense of ' pecora ' . . . —
On the high mountains and amongst the hills
On Phrygia's bounds the Danai feed their flocks.
" This fr. is corrupt. Cf. Ribb. and binds, ad loc. and Ribb.
Trag. Fragra., CoroUar., LIU.
373
ACCIUS
145-6
Nonius, 518, 3 : ' Derepente ' . . . —
Hie per matutinum lumen tardo procedens gradu
derepente aspicio ex nemore pavidiim et proper-
antem egredi.
147
Nonius, 172, 5 : ' Satias * pro satietas ... —
quorum crudelitatem numquam ulla explet satias
sanguinis.
148
Nonius, 417, 10 : * Vastitas ' significat vastationem ... —
Te propter tot tantasque habemus vastitatis
funerum.
149-50
Nonius, 136, 13: ' Miseritudine ' pro miseria vel miseri-
cordia ... —
Troia est testis ; quaere ex aliis, qui illius miseri-
tudine
nomen clarum in liumili saxo multis memorant
vocibus.
151-2
NoniuH, 485, 23 : ' Aspecti ' pro aspectus ... —
Abducitc intro, nam milii miseritudine
commovit animum excelsa aspecti dignitas.
"^ procedens Usener prorepens Bothe properantem
cdd.
^*^ te add. Bothe propter te Delrio
374
PLAYS
145-6
Nonius : ' Derepente ' . . . —
Then as I went with slow step through the light
Of morning, suddenly I saw him step
Out of the wood, frightened and hurrying.
147
Astyanax is killed. Andromache. ? on the Greeks :
Nonius ; ' Satias ' for ' satietas ' . . . —
Whose cruelty no glut of blood e'er cloys.
148
She blames Helen :
Nonius : ' Vastitas ' (havoc, desolation) means devastation
It's all on your account that we are laden
With havoc on havoc of deaths, so many, so great.
149-50
She hi'oods on Hector'' s ° death ? :
Nonius : ' Miseritudine ' for ' miseria ' or ' misericordia '
Troy is the witness ; ask of others, who.
Their many voices joined, in pity for him.
Read out his glorious name on humble stone.
151-2
Agamemnon ? 'pities Andromache, :
Nonius : ' Aspecti ' for ' aspectus ' . . . —
Lead her away within ;
For her tall stateliness of look has stirred
The soul in me with pity.
" Probably; illius might refer to Troy, whose ilkistrious
name is uttered by many as they stand on her ruins. Cf.,
R., 416.
375
ACCIUS
153-4
Nonius, 487, 19 : ' Antistitam ... —
Utinam unicam mihi antistitam Arquitenens suam
tutetur.
ATHAMAS
Of the various tales which were told of Athamas, Accius
perhaps followed that which records how Athamas and
Cretheus were sons of Aeolus. Cretheus' wife Demodice loved
Phrixus, Athamas' son, but failed to gain his love in return.
In revenge she falsely told Cretheus that Phrixus had waylaid
her and had demanded that she give herself to him. Cretheus
in wrath tried to make Athamas punish his own son with
death. But Nephele his mother came between them, and
Phrixus and his sister Helle mounted the Ram with the golden
fleece and escaped over Hellespont to Colchis, where Phrixus
155
Nonius, 524, 18 : ' Turbam ' et ' turbas ' diversam volunt
habere significationem. . . . Nos . . . in venimus et indiscrete
positum et pro turbis turbam. Accius Athamante —
Ah ! Dubito ! Ah ! Quid agis ? Cave ne in turbam
te inplices.
156
Nonius, 55, 26 : ' Infans ' a non fando dictus est . . . et
est quod aut dici non debeat aut fari non possit . . . (56,
13) . . .-
prius quam infans facinus ocuU vescuntur tui.
Cp. Non., 416, 14.
15' mi Bothe mihi cdd.
155 ah dubito ! ah quid agis ? Linds. ah dubito quid
ed. 1526 ac d. Mr. haut vd at d, Bothe at dubita
Maehly an dubito ha quid cdd., fortasse recte
" Possibly in the prologue.
PLAYS
153-4
Hecuba '^ hopes that Cassandra at least will be spared :
Nonius : ' Antistitam ' . . . —
I pray the Archer-god may keep good watch
Over his priestess-chief, my dearest daughter.
ATHAMAS
sacrificed the ram and dedicated its fleece. Mercury, who
had convinced Athamas that Phrixus had fled only in the
consciousness of his innocence, brought Phrixus back to him.
Another version makes Phrixus a victim of Ino (a daughter
of Cadmus), whom Athamas loved. She caused a famine and
bribed the Delphic oracle to advise the sacrifice of Phrixus,
who with Helle was rescued by Xephele. Athamas offended
Hera and was doomed to madness. R., 526 ff, I have placed
the fragments tentatively in what appear to be possible con-
texts. Scene : lolcus.
155
Phrixus to Demodice in her hopeless love for him ? :
Nonius : ' Turba ' and ' turbae.' They would have it
that these words difier in meaning. . . . We have found . . .
' turba ' put for ' turbae ' ; and also the same words used
without distinction. Accius in Athamas —
Ah ! Misgiving grips me ! Ah ! What are you
doing? Beware lest you tangle yourself in a
tumult !
156
Demodice ^ falsely tells Cretheus that Phrixus would have
defiled her : ?
Nonius : ' Infans ' is a term derived from ' non fari.' . . .
It means also either something which ought not to be told or
something which one cannot speak, ' fari ' . . . —
before your eyes feast on a deed unspeakable.
* Or possibly Nephele, when she prevents Athamas from
destroying Phrixus (R., 527).
377
ACCIUS
157
Nonius, 488, 36 : ' Indecoris ' pro indecora ... —
Cretheus
Cuius sit vita indecoris mortem fugere turpem haut
convenit.
158
Nonius, 499, 29 : Accusativus 'pro genetivo . . . (500,
3)...-
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim
obliviseier !
159
Nonius, 323, 34 : ' Invadere ' rursum quasi in vadum
mere ... —
Phrixus
ut profugiens hostem inimici invadam in manus ?
160
Nonius, 470, 27 : * Miserarent ' pro * miserarentur * . . . —
Athamas
atque ita de illis merui ut iure haec numquam miser-
arent mala.
^^' turpem haut lun. turpe aut cdd.
^^^ ut p. h. cdd. h. u. p. Bothe
PLAYS
157
Athamas, advised by Cretheus to put Phrizus to death, thus
addresses Phrixus :
Nonius : ' Indecoris ' for ' indecora ' . . . —
Cretheus
Whose life is unseemly it befits not to escape a
shameful death.
158
Phrixus,'^ condemned, loses hope :
Nonius : The accusative for the genitive ... —
I feared the ^\itnesses — and would I might
Lose memory of my own self!
159
He cannot take refuge from Cretheus even with his father, now
also turned foe :
Nonius : ' Invadere ' means also as it were to rush into a
' vadum ' (a shallow) ... — •
Phrixus
that fleeing from a foe I may rush into the hands
of an enemy ?
160
Athamas repents of his credulity and thinks of his Phrixus
and Helle :
Nonius : ' Miserarent ' for ' miserarentur ' . . . —
Athamas
And such are my deserts on their account
That they would justly never have compassion
On these misfortunes.
°- Or possibly Athamas speaks. The witnesses would be
persons bribed by Demodice.
379
ACCIUS
161
Nonius, 315, 18 : * Grave,' soliduin et firmum ... —
Athamas
Tuis beneficiis hostimentum gratum peperisti et
grave.
ATREUS
There are similarities of thought between the fragments of
this play and Seneca's Thyestes. But there are no verbal
parallels and the action at the end is quite difiEerent. The
Schol., ad Ov., 76., 427 : Thyestes cum uxore fratris sui
Atrei concubuit et genuit ex ea filios quos Atreus dedit ipsi
Thyesti ad comedendum ; quod scelus sol videns retro fugit,
ut dicit Accius in Tragoediis et Ovidius Metamorphosesin.
Servius auct. ad Aen., VIII, 130 : Alii ita tradunt : Steropes
et Atlantis filios Oenomaum et Maiam fuisse, Oenomai Hippo-
daniiam filiam, unde Atreus natus; at Maiae filius INlercurius,
ex quo Arcades, de quibus Evander, quod Accius in Atreo
plenius refert.
162
Priscianus, ap. O.L., II, 233, 7 : Hie et haec ' socrus ' . . .
Accius in Atreo —
Simul et Pisaea praemia arrepta a socru possedit suo,
^^^ veneficius (beneficiis Bern. 83) gravem hostium peperisti
et grave cdd. tuis add. Ribb. hostimentum Grotius
beneficiis gratiam hostium peperistei gravem coni. Linds.
alii alia
Schol. Ov. : Accius Ribb. Statius schol.
" Thus Ribbeck; the schol. has Statius, an easy corruption
of Attius, though it must be noted that Accius is the normal
3S0
PLAYS
161
Athamas thanks Mercury for the return of Phrixua and Helle :
Nonius : ' Grave ' (weighty), solid and firm ... —
Athamas
By thy benefits thou hast begotten weighty and
grateful requital.
ATREUS
model was probably Sophocles. Cf. Ribb., 447 £f. But two
fragments point to Euripides.
A scholiast : Thyestes lay with the wife of his brother
Atreus and by her begat sons whom Atreus gave to Thyestes
himself to eat. The sun, when he saw this villainy, turned
back and fled. This is according to Accius " in his tragedies,
and Ovid in his Metamorphoses.
From the prologue :
Servius (supplemented) : Others relate as follows : that
Sterope and Atlas had children Oenomaus and Maia ; Oenomaus
had a daughter Hippodamia, of whom Atreus was born ; while
Maia had a son Mercury, from whom sprang Arcadians ; from
them sprang Evander. Accius gives fuller details about this in
Atreus.
162
How Pelops icon his ivife Hippodamia :
Priscianus : ' Socrus ' both masculine and feminine.
Accius in Atreus —
So soon as he had gained the prize ^ of Pisa,
Torn from his own bride's father,
spelling in manuscripts. In the Metamorphoses (XV, 462)
Ovid has no more than one allusion to the legend about the
sun.
^ Hippodamia, obtained by Pelops as a prize for a chariot-
race at Pisa from her father Oenomaus ; cp. Accius Oenomaus,
pp. 494 ff.
ACGIUS
163-6
Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 58, 218 : Aliucl . . . vocis genus . . .
sibi sumat . . . vis, contentum, vehemens, immiiicns quadam
incitatione gravitatis —
Atreiis
Iterum Thyestes Atrcum adtrectatum advenit ;
iterum iam adgreditur me et quietum suscitat.
Maior mihi moles, maius miscendumst malum,
qui illius acerbum cor contundam et comprimam.
Cp. Cic., Tusc. Disp., IV, 36, 77 ; de Nat. Deorum, III, 26, 68.
167
Nonius, 202, 10 : ' Conatus ' masculino. Neutro ... —
Aire us
Ego incipio; conata exequar.
168
Seneca, de Ira, I, 20, 4 : ' Non aliquae voces ab iratis cmit-
tuntur quae magno eraissae videantur animo ? ' Immo veram
ignorantibus magnitudineni, qualis ilia dira et abominanda —
Atreus
Oderint dum metuant.
Sullano scias saeculo scriptam.
Cp. Sen., de Clement., I, 12, 4; II, 2, 2; Suet., Calig., 30
al.
1*3 ad (at-) tractatum vd sim. odd. attrectatum Ellendt
mecum altercatum Lambinus trib. Ace. ' Atr.' Haliu
382
PLAYS
163-6
Atreus, speaking to a satellite," plans ill deeds against Thyestes :
Cicero : Let violence claim for itself another kind of voice —
strained, vehement, threatening with a kind of impressive
energy—
Atreus
. . . Again Thyestes comes
At Atreus to grabble, now again
Approaches me to rouse me from my calm.
More moil for me ! A bigger bane to brew,
That I may crush and crunch his sorry soul !
167
In answer to a protest of his satellite : *
Nonius : ' Conatus ' in the masculine. In the neuter ... —
Atreus
I, I am but beginning; the attempts
I make I'll carry through.
168
Seneca : ' Are there not some utterances of angry men that
seem to be utterances of a great soul ? ' Yes, there are — to
those who do not know what true greatness is. Take, for
example, that dread and abominable one — •
Atreus
Let them hate, so long as they fear.
You would know well enough that it was written in the
times of Sulla.
" Sen., Thyest., 176 £E. * Sen., op. cit., 204 ff.
ACCIUS
169-77
Cicero, de Nat. Deor., Ill, 26, 68: Quid? ille funestas
epulas fratri comparans nonne versat hue et illuc cogitatione
rationem ? . . . Nee tamen ille ipse est praetereundus —
Atreus
qui non sat habuit coniugeni inlexe in stuprum ;
de quo recte et verissime loquitur Atreus—
quod re in summa summum esse arbitror 170
periclum, matres coinquinari regias,
contaminari stirpem, admisceri genus.
At id ipsura quam callide, qui regnum adulterio quaereret —
Adde hue quod mihi portento caelestum pater
prodigiuni misit, regni stabilimen mei,
agnum inter pecudes aurea claruni coma 175
quern clam Thyestem clepere ausum esse e regia ;
qua in re adiutricem coniugem cepit sibi.
Videtume summa improbitate usus non sine summa esse
ratione ?
178
Eur., Cressae, 464 N ovk av Svvaio fxr) Kafxwv euSat/Lioveiv |
alaxpov Tc ixo\di.Lv fir] deXeiv veavlav. Eur., Thyest., 396 N . . .
61 8' arep TTOvlov \ SokcIs eaeaOai, ficopos el, dvrjTOs yeyios-
Cicero, pro Plane, 24, 59 : Haec illi soleo praecipere . . .
quae ille a love ortus suis praecipit filiis —
7'hi/estes
. . . Vigilandum est semper ; multae insidiae sunt
bonis.
^'^ periclum vel periculum cdd. piaclum Allen
^^- admisceri cdd. ac misceri Ribb.
^^3 adde Ribb. addo cdd.
^'^ quern clam vel sim. cdd. quondam edd.
178-180 irii,^ ^cc. ' Atr.' Halm
PLAYS
169-77
Atreus on his Brother^ s intrigues with Aerope :
Cicero : Again, when that famous villain is plotting the
deadly feast for his brother, does he not turn and reason the
plan hither and thither in his thoughts ? . . . But we must
not pass over Thyestes himself —
Atreus
Who was not satisfied when he allured
My wife into debauchery ;
a sin about which Atreus speaks rightly and with perfect
truth —
... a thing I hold to be
In matters of high state the height of danger —
When mothers of the royal house are polluted,
Their stock defiled, their lineage confused.
But how cuimingly is this very villainy plotted by Thyestes,
one who sought to gain the kingdom by adultery —
Thereto withal the lord of heaven by portent
Sent me a prodigy, for my realm a stay, —
A ram of golden fleece among my sheep
Shone brilliant ; him Thyestes durst by stealth
Purloin from out the palace ; and in this deed
He took my wedded queen for his accomplice.
Do you not see that Thyestes practised the greatest dishonour
and yet shewed perfect rationality ?
178
Thyestes warns " his sons :
Cicero : I am accustomed to warn him in the words with
which that descendant of Jupiter warns his sons^
Tki/estes
Wide awake a man must always be ; many are the
ambushes laid for the good.
« Sen., 435,487; R., 452.
VOL. II. C C
ACCIUS
Nostis cetera, nonne ? * Id quod multi invideant.' Quae
scripsit gravis et ingeniosus poeta, scripsit non ut illos regies
pueros, qui iam nusquam erant, sed ut nos et nostros liberos
ad laborem et ad laudem excitaret,
179-80
Cicero, pro Sest., 48, 102 : ' Multac insidiae sunt bonis '
verissime dictum est, sed —
Id quod multi invideant multique expetant inscitia
est
postulare, nisi laborem summa cum cura ecferas.
Nollem idem alio loco dixisset. . . . ' Oderint . . . {v.
supra).
181-2
Nonius, 415, 23 : ' Vesci ' est ederc ... —
Nee cum tyranno quisquam epulandi gratia
accumbat mensam aut eandem vescatur dapem.
183-5
Nonius, 505, 4 : ' Sonere ' . . . —
Chorus
Sed quid tonitru turbida torvo
concussa repente aequora caeli
sensimus sonere ?
186
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 490, 8 : A ' delino ' delitum ... —
Nuntius
Epularum fictor, scelerum fratris delitor.
Thes. nov. lat., ap. A. Mai, CI. Auct., VIII, 178 (. . . deli-
tor); 301 (. . . . perlitor).
180 inquit postulare Cic. postulare si vulgo
386
PLAYS
You all know the rest, don't you ? ' What many men do
envy,' and so on. This a grave and clever poet wrote, and
wrote it to arouse to hard work and renown, not those kings'
sons, who after all never lived on earth, but us and our
children.
179-80
Cicero also : ' Many are the ambushes laid for the good '
(178) is a most true saying. But he states —
... To demand is foolishness
What many men do envy, many covet,
Unless you carry out the troublesome task
With greatest diligence.
I could wish he had not said elsewhere . . . ' Let them
hate' (168) . . .
181-2
None hut Thyestes may sit with Atreus at the feast :
Nonius : ' Vesci ' means to eat ... —
Let none take seat at table with the king
For feasting's sake, or eat of the same banquet
As he.
183-5
The chorus hears thunder which accompanied the turning
away of the sun in horror :
Nonius : ' Sonere ' . . . —
Chorus
But why perceived we suddenly heaven's plains
Grown stormy, rocking, roaring with grim thunder ?
186
A messenger describes the dreadful preparations :
Priscianus : From ' delino ' comes ' delitum ' . . . —
Messenger
Maker of a feast,
Outblotter of a brother's crimes.
387
cc2
ACCIUS
187-9
Nonius, 210, 37: ' Lacerti ' generis masculini. Neutri
Concoquit
partem vapore flammae, veribus in focos
lacerta tribuit.
190
Cicero, r/e Ojf.^ I, 28, 97 : Si Aeacus aut Minos diceret :
' Oderint dum metuant,' aut —
Atreus
Natis sepulchro ipse est parens,
indecorum videretur, quod eos fuisse iustos accepimus. At
Atreo dicente plausus excitantur; est enim digna persona
oratio.
191
Cicero, in Caly. Pison., 33, 82 : Quod ad rac attinet —
Thyestes
Numquam istani imminuam curam infitiando tibi.
Cp. Ascon., ad. I. : Propc notius est quam ut indicandum sit
hunc vcrsum esse L. Acci poetae et dici a Th^^este Atreo.
192-3
Cicero, de Off., Ill, 28, 102 : Dcinde illud ctiam apud
Accium —
Thyestes
Fregisti fidera.
188-9 veribus i. foco. | 1. t. Ribb. t. i. focos | v. 1. Ribb.
cd. 3 t. V. 1. i. focos cdd. lacerta stridunt verubus in
foco Bergk
388
PLAYS
187-9
Nonius : ' Lacerti,' a term of the masculine gender. Of the
neuter ... —
With the flame's heat he boils a part, the arms
He puts about the hearths on spits.
190
Atreus coynments on his brother^s condition :
Cicero : If Aeacus or Minos were to say ' Let them hate, so
long as they fear ' (168), or —
Atreus
The sons have for their tomb
No other than a parent,
it would appear disgraceful, because tradition tells us that
they were righteous. But when Atreus says the words,
they excite applause, for the statement is worthy of the
character.
191
Cicero : So far as I am concerned — •
Thyestes "
Never will I abate that care within you
By making you denial.
192-3
Bitter loords between Thyestes and Atreus :
Cicero : Then even that passage in Accius — •
Thyestes
You have broken faith. ^
<* Speaking to Atreus in a play of Accius, according to
Asconius on this passage (see opposite). The context is
unknown. Some would alter the text of Asconius to did ah
Atreo Thyesti. The fr. may belong to Pelopidae (pp. 500 ff.).
^ Cp. Sen., 1025.
ACCIUS
Atreus
Neque dedi neque do infideli cuiquam. . . .
quamquam ab iinpio rege dicitur, luculente tamen dicitur.
. Cp. Cic, op. cit.. Ill, 29, 106.
194-5
Nonius, 281, 1 : ' Dignatus ' significat dignus habitus . . . —
Thyestes
Egone Argivum imperium attingam aut Pelopia
digner domo ?
Quo me ostendam ? Quod templum adeam ? Quern
ore funesto adloquar ?
196-8
Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 58, 217 : Aliud vocis genus sibi sumat
iracundia. acutum, incitatum, crebro incidens —
Thyestes
Ipsus hortatur me frater ut meos mails miser
manderem natos ;
et ea quae tu dudum Antoni, protulisti . . . et —
Atreus
Ecquis hoc animadvortet ? Mncite !
et Atreus fere totus.
Cp. Cic., Tusc. Disp., IV, 25, 55.
^^* Pelopia Voss. Pelopis cdd.
^^^ quo cdd. quoi Lips
^^' manderem Erlang. Harl. Palat. al. mandarem
EUendt ex cdd. nonnullis {cp. Lucret., II, 638) mandem
Lambin.
PLAYS
Atreus
I neither gave nor give it to any faithless man . . .
though it is spoken by an impious king, is nevertheless
splendidly said.
194-5
Thyestes bewails his fate :
Nonius : ' Dignatus ' means held to be ' dignus ' . . . —
Thyestes
Could I — could I so much as lay a hand
On sway imperial o'er the Argives, be
Held worthy of the house of Pelops ? Where
May I reveal myself? What shrine may I
Approach? Whom may my mournful mouth
address ?
196-8
Cicero : Let wrath claim for itseK another kind of voice,
sharp, hurried, using emphasis again and again — "
Thyestes
Yes, my own brother — he exhorted me •
To chew my children with my cursed jaws ;
and the words which you quoted not long ago, Antonius . . .
and also —
Atreus
Will some one pay heed to this ? Bind ye him !
Yes, and well-nigh the whole of Atreus has such examples.
or possibly it is incidens — ' breaking off
abruptly.'
ACCIUS
199-200
Eur., Hec., 592-3 . . . ovkow heivov et 717 fxkv KaK-f]
Tv^ovaa Kaipov Oeodev ev ardxvv (f>epei ;
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 5, 13 : Ut agri non omnes fnigi-
feri sunt qui coluntur, falsumque illud Acci — •
Probae etsi in segetem sunt deteriorem datae
fruges, tamen ipsae suapte natura enitent ;
sic animi non omnes culti fructum ferunt.
Cp. Schol. Laur., ad Verg., (?., I, 2 (. . . Accius in Atreo).
BACCHAE
201-2
Eur., B., 35—37 /cat irdv to drjXv anepua Ka5/xei6ur oaat
yvvalKcs rjaav, i$€fj.rji'a hcoixdriov
opLOV 8e KaS/iou Traialv di'a/xe/i.iy/xeVat,
Nonius, 467, 23 : ' Vagas ' pro vagaris . . . Accius Bac-
cheis —
Dionysus
Deinde omnis stirpe cum incluta Cadmeide
vagant matronae percitatae insania,
203
Eur., B., 38 ^Xoioal^ vtt^ eAarai? dvop6(j>oi.s ^vrai Trerpai?. (vel
217-219)
Macrobius, S., VI, 5, 9 : Silvicolae Fauni . . . (Verg., Aen.
X, 551 s. Fauno). . . . Accius in Bacchis —
et nunc silvicolae ignota invisentes loca,
2"i omnis cdd. omni Ribb. insania hnc transf. Mr.
alii alia percitatae tumultu vecordi vagas insania Tur-
pilius Leucadia vultu vecordi vagas insania aid.
392
PLAYS
199-200
Unplaced fragment :
Cicero : Just as fields which are cultivated are not all fruit-
ful, and that saying of Accius is false-
Good grain, though to a field of poorer kind
'Tis given, yet it grows of its own nature
Into a gleaming crop ;
so not all minds, though cultivated, bear fruit.
THE BACCHANALS «
201-2
Prologue : mad wanderings of Agave and others :
Nonius : ' Vagas ' for ' vagaris ' . . . Accius in The
BaccJmnals —
Dionysus ^
Then roam the matrons one and all
With Cadmus' stock, his most renowned daughter.
Shocked through and through with madness,
203
Macrobius, misquoting Virgil : ' Wood-haunting Fauns ' "
. . . Accius in The Bacchanals —
And now wood-haunting, visiting places strange,
<* Based on Euripides' BaKxai ; but Accius departed widely
from that poet in the lyric parts.
^ So in Eur., Bacchae.
" Virgil has Fauno, not Fauni. In the fr. from Accius
the speaker is Dionysus, or possibly Pentheus later in the
play.
393
ACCIUS
204-5
Eur., B., 88 s. ? 142 ; vel potius 417 s.
Macro bius, 8., VI, 5, 11 : ' Vitisator curvam servans sub
imagine falcem ' (Verg., Aen., VII, 179) ... —
Chorus
O Dionyse
pater optime vitisator Semela genitus, euhie !
206
Eur., B., 127 s., 156.
Nonius, 213, 10 : ' Melos ' . . . masculino ... —
acricrepantes melos
207-8
Eur., 5., 163?
Nonius, 489, 4 : ' Fetis ' pro fetibus ... —
ubi sanctus Cithaeron
frondet viridantibus fetis.
209
Eur., B., 163-5 (152 ?) vel 862 s.
Nonius, 342, 24 : ' Modicum ' veteres moderatum et com-
modum dici volunt ... —
Agite modico gradu ! lacite nisus levis !
205 optime pater Mr.
2o« acricrepantes Quich. acricrepantes Buecheler acris
crepantes lun. acre c. Scriverius acri crepitantes melo
Mr. acri crepantes cdd. (crepitantes Flor. 1)
394
PLAYS
204-5
Songs " of the Bacchanals :
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Vine-sower, that keepest a
curved sickle under thine image ' . . . —
Chorus
O Dionysus, dearest lord, vine-sower, born of
Semele, o Euhius !
206
Xonius : ' Melos ' . . . in the masculine ... —
sharp-clanging ^^ tunes
207-8
Nonius : ' Fetis ' for ' fetibus ' . . . —
where hallowed Cithaeron stands leafy with green
growths.
209
Nonius : ' Modicus.' The old writers would have it mean
'moderated ' and ' commodus,' appropriate ... —
Come ye now I With a gentle tread ! Trip ye light
steps ! ^
" We have no Greek parallels to some of these frs.
* Or possibly ' brass-clanging,' aericrepantes (thus Buecheler,
i.e. ;)^aAK'd/cpoTa).
'^ But the right reading may be thyrsos (Bacchic staffs) or
the like.
2°^ iacet et nisus cdd. iacite nisus Ribb. nisus iacite S
iacite thyrsos Scriverius i. thyrsus Mr. i. tirsos coni.
Ribb. i. thyasos Palmer, Spic.
395
ACCIUS
210
Eur., B., 206-7 ov yap Bijiprix' 6 deos eiTC tov v€ov
iXPV^ Xopcveiv e're tov yepairepov.
Nonius, 116, 14 : ' Grandae vitas ' . . . —
Teiresias
quia neque vetustas neque mors neque grandaevitas
211-12
Eur., B., 273 ovk av BvvaLfxrjv jxcyeOos iienrclv oaos
Kad' 'EAAaS' eorat.
Nonius, 136, 24 : ' Magnitate ' pro magnitudine ... —
Teiresias
nam neque sat fingi neque dici potest
pro magnitate.
213-14
Eur,, B., 306—7 er' avrov oipei kolttI AeA<^t'atv Tiirpats
TTTjhuivra avv TrevKaiai hLK6pv<f>ov irXaKa.
(Cp. 5., 140 5.).
Nonius, 506, 15 : ' Fulgere ' correpte pro ' fulgere ' . . . —
Teiresias
laetum in Parnaso inter pinos tripudiantem in cir-
oulis
in ludo atque taedis fulgere.
21** mors cdd. mos Bothe vetustas moris Usencr
2^^ nam neque sat Quicli. neque sat ed. 1480 nam
quae sat old.
PLAYS
210
Teiresias to Cadmus ; age is no excuse for denying the god
his due :
Nonius : ' Grandeldership ' . . . —
Teiresias
because neither old age nor death nor grand-
eldership
211-12
Teiresias praises Dionysus :
Nonius : ' Magnitate ' for ' magnitudine ' . . . —
Teiresias
For a man could not invent or say enough
To match his bigness.
213-14
Nonius : ' Fulgere ' with a short e for ' fulgere ' . . . —
Teiresias
You will see him glowing in a sport of torches,
Capering happily in ring-dances
Amongst the pines on Parnassus.
21* <in> ludo W ludere S ludere, taedis vel iudo
ac taedis Bothe ludere . . . {lac.) . . . atque t. f. Ribb.
fortasse recte
397
ACCIUS
215-16
Eur., B., 436 S. 6 Orjp o8' rj/xlv TTpaos ouS' vTTeoTTaae
(f>VYfj TToS', dX\' eScu/cev ovk olkcov x^po-S,
Festus, 226, 34 : ' Ostentum ' non solum pro portento poni
solere, sed etiam participialiter . . . testimonio est. . . .
Accius in Bacchis —
Satelles
. . . Praesens praesto irridens leniter
nobis stupefactis sese ultro ostentum obtulit.
217
Eur., B., 453 drap to /xcr crcD/i' ovk dixop(f>os et, ^eve.
Nonius, 143, 27 : ' Nitiditatem ' pro nitore ... —
Petitkeus
Formae figurae nitiditatem, hospes, geris,
218
Eur., B., 455—6 $. TrXdKafxos re ydp aov ravaos ov ndXrjs vtto
yevvu Trap' avr-qv «'e;^f/LieVos'
Scrvius auct., ad Ae7i., XII, 605 : Bene ' floros ' . . .
Accius in Bacchidibus —
nam flori crines video et propexi iacent.
219
Eur., B., 696-8 ve^plbas 8' dveareiXavd' oaaiaiv dufiaTcov
^vvheofi' eXeXvTO, Kal KaraaTiKTOvs Sopas
6(f)€ai KaretfCoaavTO At;^/xajCTtv yevvv.
Nonius, 244, 17 : ' Accommodatum ' dicitur adiunctum
Nuntius
Tunc silvestrum exuvias laevo pictas lateri accom-
modant.
Cp. 458, 12.
215-16 praesens praesto irridetis nobis stipe ultro o. o. cd.
Vat. lat. 3369 (irrideris Vat. lat. 1549) Locus varie suppl. cf.
Rihh. Trag. Fragyn., p. 169 spatium quatt. litt. post nobis
indicut cd. Vat. lat. 1547
398
PLAYS
215-16
Dionysus is brought bound before Pentheus :
Festus : ' Ostentum.' That this is not only used for a
' portent ' but even in a participial sense . . . Accius bears
witness in The Bacchanals —
Satellite
In person then and there he showed himself,
And, smiling gently, of his own free will.
Offered himself to us astonished men.'^
217
Pentheus in mockery praises the captive'' s looks :
Nonius : ' Nitiditatem ' for ' nitore ' . . . —
Pentheus
Neatness you bear in form and figure, stranger,
218
Servius (supplemented), on ' floros ' in Virgil : ' Floros '
fits well . . . Accius in The Bacchanals —
For flower-like are your locks of hair, I see,
And they lie forward combed.
219
The Maenads ; how they put on spotted skins :
Nonius : ' Accommodatum ' (fitted) is used for ' joined
to' . . .—
Messenger
Then to left sides they fitted dappled strippings
Of woodland beasts.
" It is, however, doubtful what restorations should be made
in Festus' text.
218 et cdd. ut Deh-io ei Ribb.
21^ silvestrum Ribb. silvestrium Onions silvestris
cdd. 244 pecudum cdd. 458
399
ACCIUS
220
Eur., B., 699-700 at 8' dy/caAaiat BopKaS' rj oKVfxvovs XvKOiv
dypious e-}(ova(u XevKov eSi'Soaaj' ydXa.
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 203, 10 : ' Indecorabiliter.' Accius
in Bacchis —
indecorabiliter alienos alunt.
221 .
Eur., B., 702—3 cttI S' cOevro Kiaaivovs
oT€<f>dvovs bpvos T€ fiiXaKos t' dvdeaj>6pov.
(Cp. B., 104 5.)
Cledonius, ap. G.L., V, 40, 15 : Hie pampinus. Accius in
Bacchis —
Deinde ab iiigiilo pectus glauco pampino obnexae
obtegunt.
222-3
Eur,, B., 1061—2 o^Oov 8' iven^ds tj 'Xdr-qv vipavxcva
{sic Tyrwhitt)
t8oi/x' dv 6p9a>s iJ-awdScDV alo\povpyiav.
Festus, 456, 8 : <' Stipes ' fustis> terrae defixus *****
< Accius > in Bacchis —
ec<(quem stipitem abi)egiium aut
al<[tuiii
224
Eur., B., 1144 x^P^^ ^^ ^VP9- BvanoTiio} yavpovfxevTj
Nonius, 132, 9 : ' Laetitudine ' pro laetitia ... —
Nuntius
Quanta in venando atFecta est laetitudine !
^^^ obnexae Bothe obnixe Grotius obnixura Hagen
obnoxae Cled. obtegunt Grotius tegunt Bothe
obtexunt Cled.
400
PLAYS
220
and how they gave suck to animals :
Charisius : ' Indecorabiliter.' Accius in The Bacchanals —
Unprettily suckled other creatures' broods.
221
and wore vine-leaves :
Cledonius : ' Pampinus,' masculine . . . Accius in The
Bacchanals —
Then, downwards from the throat, their breast
they covered
With chimps of vine-leaves green, entwining them
In front.
222-3
How Peniheus "■ climbed a tree to see the Bacchanals :
Festus : ' Stipes ' is a stock fixed in the earth . . . Accius
in The Bacchanals —
any bole of fir or lofty . . .
224
How Agave hunted her own son :
Nonius : ' Laetitudine ' for ' laetitia ' . . . —
Messenger
How great the gladsomeness she felt in hunting !
•* The messenger reports Pentheus' words.
222-3 restit. Ursin. ecquem stipitem abiegnum (-gum apogr.
Fest.) aut abieum fortasse ec<ce
401
VOL. II. D D
ACCIUS
225
Eur., B., 1185 veo? 6 noaxos dp\TL yivw vtto KopvO* aTra-
XorpLxa I KardKOfxov jSaAAei.
Servius auct., ad Aen., XII, 605 : Bene ' floros ' . . .
Agave
. . . et lanugo flora nunc demum inrigat.
226
Eur., B., 1267 Xafrnporepos t] nplv koX hinr^T^arepog.
Nonius, 144, 8 : ' Nigret,' nigrefit ... —
Agave
Idem splendet saepe, ast idem nimbis interdum
nigret.
CHRYSIPPUS
We can only guess vaguely possible contexts for the five
fragments, which reveal neither which version Accius followed
nor what model he chose. Chrysippus, the favourite son of
Pelops and the nymph Danais (or Axioche), was kidnapped
at the Nemean games by King Laius of Thebes (another
version makes the kidnapper Theseus), and brought back by
Atreus and Thyestes. But Hippodamia, Pelops' wife, fearful
lest Chrysippus, instead of her own sons, should receive the
227-8
Festus, 356, 4 : ' Rodus ' vel ' raudus ' significat rem rudem
et imperfectam ; nam saxum quoque raudus appellant poetae,
ut Accius ... in Chrysippo —
Neque erat quisquam a telis vacuus, sed uti cui quic-
que obviam
fuerat, ita ferrum alius, alius saxi raudus miserat.
225 et cd. ei Ribb.
226 Bacchis idem splendet Mercier Bacchis sole s. Bothe
baccidcm {vd bacch-) s. cdd.
2'-^ crat (idd. O. Mr. cui quicque Ribb. quid cuique
Lindemami cui quid O. Mr. cuique cd.
402
PLAYS
225
Agave holding her son's severed head :
Servius (supplemented) on ' floros ' in Virgil : ' Floros '
fits well ... —
Agave
And only now
The flower-like down streams over it.*^
226
Agave is brought halfway back to her senses by Cadmus ; she
cannot see plainly yet :
Nonius : ' Blackens,' becomes black ... —
Agave
Often ^ it's bright, but now and then it blackens
With thunderclouds besides.
CHRYSIPPUS
kingdom, and having failed to persuade Atreus and Thyestes
to slay him, wounded Chrysippus at night with Laius' sword,
which she left in the wound. Chrysippus told the truth before
he died, and Pelops exiled Hippodamia. In another version,
Chrysippus having been killed by Atreus and Thyestes, Hippo-
damia was accused by Pelops and took her own life. Apollod.,
Ill, .5, 5; Hygin., Fab., 271 ; R., 444.
227-8
Description of the kidnapping of Chrysippus ? :
Festus : ' Rodus ' or ' raudus ' means a ' rude ' or unperfected
thing ; for even a stone is called ' raudus ' by the poets ; for
example, Accius ... in Chrysippus —
Nor was any empty-handed
Of missiles, but, as each thing met his grasp,
So one hurled iron, one a lump of stone.
" She thinks that she is holding the head of a lion's cub.
^ sc. the ether.
228 ita add. Ribb. alius alius 0. Mr. alius cd. saxi
[vel saxeum) raudus sumpserat 0. Mr. saxio rudem cd.
403
DD 2
ACCIUS
229-30
Nonius, 475, 20 : ' Partiret ' pro partirctur . . . Accius
Chrysippo —
aeternabilem
divitiam partissent.
231
Festus, 435, 30 : ' Superescit ' significat supererit ... —
Quin si hinc superescit Spartam atque Amyclas
tradam ego.
232
Nonius, 153, 33 : ' Pigrare,' retinere ... —
Melius pigrasse quam properavisse est nefas.
233
Nonius, 261, 11 : ' Cernerc,' audire . . . —
Pelops
Quid agam ? Vox illius est.
?
Certe id quidem onines cernimus.
'-^^^ aeternabilem aW. altcrnabilem Ribb.
2'^ quin si hie W quin si Ursinus quin hie si Lindc-
mann alii alia quin hinc cd. tradam Lindemann,
ego Mr. trado cd.
232 quam cdd. quamde Bothe quoniam vel quando
Mr. properavisse Linds. properasse cdd.
"^ illiust Ritschl id quidem cdd. idem Ribb.
404
PLAYS
229-30
Hippodamia ivants Atreus and Thyestes to share Pelops^
wealth ? :
Nonius : ' Partiret ' for ' partiretur ' . . . Acciu3 in
Chrysippus —
everlasting wealth they would have shared.
231
Pelops referring to Chrysippus ?
Festus : ' Superescit ' means ' super erit ' . . . —
But if he hence survives, I will surrender
Both Sparta and Amyclae.
232
Xonii;s : ' Pigrare' (slacken), to hold back ... —
Better it is to have slackened than to have
hastened a wicked act."'
233
Chrysippus, ivounded to death, is about to tell the truth : *
Nonius : ' Cemere' (perceive), to hear ... —
Pelops
What should I do? It is his voice.
?
Indeed,
So much at least we all perceive.
« But both verbs may be intransitive : ' Better it is that
sin should have slackened than hastened.'
* See notice, pp. 402-3.
ACCIUS
CLYTAEMNESTRA
On the supposed identification of this play with Aegisthus
by the same author, cf. p. 328. Apparently Accius did not
follow Aeschylus, but the story told in Hygin., Fob., 117 :
Clytaemnestra was incited by Oeax, Palamedes' brother,
against her husband on his return from Troy. Oeax had told
her that Cassandra was Agamemnon's concubine as well as
234
Nonius, 521, 24 : ' Corapotem ' bonae rei solum dici existi-
matur, cum etiam in mala re positum sit. Accius Clytaem-
nestra—
Cassandra
Cur me miserani inridet, magnis compoteni et multis
malis ?
235-6
Nonius, 178, 7 : ' Tetinerit ' pro ' tenuerit ' . . . —
. . . ut quae turn absenteni rebus dubiis coniugem
tetinerit, nunc prodat ultorem.
237
Aesch., Ag., 649 s. Hom., Od., V, 293 s.; IX, 66-9.
Servius auct., ad Aen., I, 88 : ' Eripiunt subito nubes
(caelumque diemque | Teucrorum ex oculis).' ' Eripiunt,'
id est abstollunt. Accius in Clytaemnestra —
Deum regnator nocte caeca caelum e conspectu
abstulit.
238
Aesch., Ag., 654 s.
Nonius, 488, 10 : ' Flucti ' pro fluctus ... —
Flucti inmisericordes iacere, taetra ad saxa adlidere.
" sc. of the M rongs done by Troy ?
406
PLAYS
CLYTAEMNESTRA
his captive, and so she plotted with Aegisthus to murder both,
and performed the deed while Agamemnon was sacrificing.
It was intended to murder Orestes as well, but Electra
removed him and sent him to Strophius (brother-in-law of
Agamemnon) in Phocis, Cf. Ribb., 460 ff.
234
Cassandra complains of Clytaemnestrd' s insults :
Nonius : ' Compos.' A term which is believed to be used
only in the sense of sharing in a good thing, whereas it occurs
where it applies even to a bad one. Accius in Clytaemnestra —
Cassandra
Why does she jeer at me, unhappy woman.
Partaker in many great misfortunes ?
235-6
She protests against Clytaemnestra' s plot :
Xonius : ' Tetinerit ' for ' tenuerit ' . . . —
As one who held him as her husband then,
When he was absent and affairs were doubtful,
But now betrays him when he's an avenger.'^
237
A herald {as in Aeschylus), or Agamemnon tells of the storm
which scattered the Greeks on returning from Troy :
Servius (supplemented), on ' Clouds sweep away sky and
daylight from the eyes of the Teucrians ' in Virgil : ' Eripiunt,'
that is take away. Accius in Clytaemnestra —
The monarch of the gods withdrew from view
The sky in blinding night.
238
Xonius : ' Flucti,' nom. pi., for ' fluctus ' . . . —
Merciless billows
Did toss them, dash them on to hideous rocks.
407
ACCIUS
239-40
Cicero, Topic, 16, 61 : . . . At cum in Aiacis navem —
crispisulcans igneum
fulmen
iniectum est, iiiflammatur navis necessario.
241-2
Servius auct, ad Aen., I, 44 (. . . * transfixo pectore '
. . . ) : Qui legunt pectore, de Accio translatum affirmant,
qui ait in Cl3'taemnestra de Aiace —
in pectore
fulmen incohatum flammam ostentabat lovis. . . .
Cicero, ad Fam., VII, 1,2: Oranino, si quaeris, ludi adpara-
tissimi, sed non tui stomachi. . . . Quid enim delectationis
habent sescenti muli in Clytaemnestra ?
243
Aesch., Ag., 1323 s. ?
Nonius, 226, 10 : ' Servitus ' generis feminini. Neutri
Cassandra
Scibani banc mibi supremam lucem et serviti finem
dari.
244
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 473, 22 : Haec . . . ipsa . . .
secundum tertiam vetustissimi protulisse inveniuntur coniu-
gationem. . . . Aocius in Clytaemnestra — •
. . . Sed valvae resonunt regiae.
2'*^~2 iri pectore Serv. auct. seclud. in Jlil)l). fulmen i. f.
Serv. nuct. var. mutant docti
<* Comparison with the next fr. suggests Accius in this play.
R., 463. ^
408
PLAYS
239-40
How Ajax, son of Oileus, was struck by lightning :
Cicero : . . . But when —
A crinkle-furrowing fiery lightning-flash ^
has been cast on Ajax's ship, the ship is necessarily set
ablaze.
241-2
Servius (supplemented), on ' transfixo pectore ' in Virgil :
Those who read ' pectore ' affirm that it is taken from Accius,
who says of Ajax in Clytaemnestra —
The half-formed flash of Jupiter revealed
A flame upon his breast.^
Triumphant arrival of Agamemnon :
Cicero : The games, ^ if you want to know, were altogether
most elaborate, but not to your taste. . . . For what delight
is there in the sight of six hundred mules, in Clytaemnestra ?
243
Cassandra just before her death :
Nonius : ' Servitus,' of the feminine gender. Neuter ... —
Cassa?idra
I always knew this was the day ordained
To be my last, the end of slavery.
244
Just after the ^nurders ? :
Priscianus : The oldest writers are found to have inflected
these same verbs {sc. verbs in -are with 'perfect in -ui) according
to the third conjugation. . . . Accius in Clytaemnestra —
But the doors of the palace resound.
* It may be that there is a play on words here and that the
lightning left on Ajax's breast a mark like the flower called
' Jupiter's fire ' (Pliny, XXVII, 44). The fr. was apparently
part of a dialogue following the narrative in a different metre.
« Of the year 55, at the dedication of Pompey's theatre.
ACCIUS
245
Nonius, 124, 36: ' Incilare ' est increpare vel inprol)are
Clyiaemnesira
Matrem ob iure factum incilas, genitoreni iniustum
adprobas.
246
Nonius, 219, 14 : ' Pigret ' . . . —
. . . Omnes gaudent facere recte, mail pigrent.
247
Donatus, ad Ter., Adelph., V, 4, 17 : ' Potitur ' accusativo
casu. . . . Accius in Clytaemnestra —
Serenas potiuntur plagas.
DEIPHOBUS
248-9
Nonius, 534, 1 : ' Lembus,' navicula brevis piscatoria.
Accius Deiphobo —
Piscator
eo ante noctem hesterna retia ut proveherem et sta-
tuerem
forte aliquanto solito lembo sum progressus longius.
2*« omnes se gaudent I^ibb. qui et non omnes g. co7ii.
omnes g. cdd. mali cdd. male ed. princ.
^" Serenas Buecheler {vel superas vel astriferas) feras
ed. princ. seras ed. Ven. siras cd.
2*^ noctem ed. 1471 nocte cdd. hesterna Scriverius
extenta vel extremam Bothe extrema lun. ex terra
Grotius externa cdd.
" I keep the reading of the MSS., but male may be right.
410
PLAYS
245
Dispute between Clytaemnestra and Eledra :
Nonius : ' Incilare ' means to noise at or blame. ... —
Clytaemnestra
Your mother for a righteous deed you blame ;
Your father, all unrighteous, you acclaim.
Unplaced fragments :
246
Nonius : ' Pigret ' . . . —
All men take joy in doing right, the base ^
Are slack in doing it.
247
Donatus, on ' potitur ' in Terence : ' Potitur ' with the
accusative case . , . Accius in Clytaemnestra —
Regions calm and bright they do possess.
DEIPHOBUS ^
248-9
A fisherman describes how he found Sino the Greek hidden :
Nonius : ' Lembus,' a very small fishing-boat. Accius in
Deiphobtis —
Fisherman
. . . That thither I might bring
Before the night my nets of yesterday,
And spread them there, it chanced that in my
wherry
I sailed a little farther than my wont.
^ Although the model is unknown, the theme would be the
capture of Troy by the ruse of the wooden horse, and the
scene possibly the house of Deiphobus. R., 410-411. The
play possibly included the death of Deiphobus at the hands of
Helen, Palamedes, or Menelaus.
411
ACCIUS
250
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 469, 12 : ' Nexo ' quoque nexas vel
nexis . . . nexui. . . . Accius in Deiphobo —
Nos continuo ferrum eripimus, manibus manicas
neximus.
Cp. Priscian., ap. G.L., II, 538, 15; Eutych., ap. G.L., V,
485, 17.
251
Servius auct., ad Aen., II, 17 : Accius in Deiphobo inscrip-
tuni (licit {sc. equura) —
. . . ' Minervae doniim armipotenti abeuntes Danai
dicant.'
252-3
Nonius, 314, 18 : ' Grave ' multum significare veteres pro-
bant. . . . —
... at infiindo homine gnato Laerta,
Ithacensi exsiile
qui neqiie amico amicus umqnam gravis neque hosti
host is fuit.
254-5
Nonius, 138, 30 : ' Mcrtaret,' mcrgeret ... —
vel hie qui me aperte effrenata inpudcntia
praesentem praesens dictis niertare institit.
250 manibus Ribb. omnibus cdd. Prise, 469, 538 Eui.
Vindoh., Mon. (omnibus manibus m. cdd. Par. Teg. Eut.
omnes Erl., 1 Prise. 538)
251 <deae> Minervae Ribb. a})euntes Danai Bergk
Danai a. cdd.
412
PLAYS
250
Priscianus : ' Nexo ' also has 2nd person singular ' nexas '
or ' nexis,' . . . perfect ' nexui '. . . . Aceius in Deiphobus
has ' neximus ' —
We forthwith tore the sword from him, and tied
His hands together with handcuffs.
251
The inscription on the wooden horse :
Servius (supplemented), on the wooden horse in Virgil :
Aceius in Deiphobus says the horse had this inscription on it — •
* To Minerva, mighty in arms, a gift dedicated by
the Danai as they depart.'
252-3
Bitter words about Ulysses :
Nonius: 'Grave' (weighty, important, earnest). The old
writers prove that this word means ' much ' . . . —
But a man unspeakable, Laertes' son,
Rover from Ithaca, who has never been
An earnest friend to friend, or foe to foe.
254-5
Nonius : ' Mertaret,' the same as ' mergeret ' . . . —
... or he there who openly
With shamelessness unbridled, face to face.
Sets out to drown me in a flood of words.
252 at cdd. aut ab Onions aut Ribb. infando
cM. infandod Ribb. {qui et infando homone coni.)
ACCIUS
DIOMEDES
Of the various stories told of Diomedes, both by Homer and
in traditions preserved by other writers, the extant fragments
suggest a set of traditions according to which Diopiedes, just
after the expedition of the Epigoni, returned with Alcmaeon
256-7
Nonius, 292, 7 : ' Exanclare ' etiam significat perpeti. . . .
Accius Diomede —
Fere exanclavimus
tyranni saevum ingenium atque execrabile.
258-9
Nonius, 322, 14 : ' Insolens ' rursum non solens ... —
Oeneus
Ita et fletu et tenebris obstinatus speciem amisi
luminis
conspiciendi insolentia.
260
Nonius, 522, 17 : ' Apud,' ad . . . Error consuetudinis
apud pro in utitur. Itaquc vitiose dicimus, cum nos ' in foro '
fuisse dicamus, ' apud ' aut ' ad ' forum fuisse, cum apud
' iuxta ' significet . . . (522, 29) ... —
Diomedes
Adsum apud te, genitor.
^^* et fletu Scriverius fletu Gulielmus effletu cdd.
414
PLAYS
DIOMEDES
to Aetolia in order to help his grandfather Oeneus, who had
been deprived of his kingdom at Calydon by his nephews, sons
of Agrius, who was now king. Diomedes freed Oeneus from
the power of these enemies and slew them.
256-7
The cruel tyranny of Agrius :
Nonius : ' Exanelare ' (drain out, suffer to the end) also
means to endure. . . . Aceius in Diomedes —
We've almost drained the dregs in sufferance
Of the king's cruel and cursed disposition.
258-9
Oeneus in prison :
Nonius : ' Insolens ' also means ' non solens ' . . . —
Oeneus
Held steadfast thus in grief and dark, I lost
The light of eyesight through disuse of vision.
260
His grandson Diomedes, ivho is there in secret, speaks to him :
Nonius : ' Apud,' ' to.' ... It is an error of customary
usage to employ ' apud ' for ' in.' Thus we are faulty in our
diction, when, in stating that we have been ' in foro,' we say
that we were ' apud ' or 'ad forum,' since ' apud ' means
' near to ' . . . —
Diomedes
Here am I, next to you, father.^*
" Affectionately said for ' grandfather.'
ACCIUS
261
Festus, 194, 9 :—
Ogygia moenia
Accius in Dioraede appellans significat Thebas, quia earn
urbera Ogygus condidissc traditur.
262
Nonius, 89, 12 : ' Celebrescat ' . . . —
et qualis fuerit, fama celebrescat tua.
263
Nonius, 341, 17 : ' Locum ' dccus significare vult Accius
Diomede —
Non genus virum ornat, generis vir fortis loco.
264-5
Nonius, 351, 20 : ' Nobilis ' dicitur et notus ... —
Diomede s
. . . ergo me Argos referam, nam hie sum gnobilis
ne cui cognoscar noto.
Cp. Fest., 186, 22 (' nobilcm ' . . . et per g litteram ut
Accius).
2" generis Mercier generi cM.
2^* ergo me Fest. me Non. nobilis Non., sed v. Fest.
" But the meaning is not clear; jama and tua may be
nominatives.
416
PLAYS
261
He tells of the expedition of the Seven against Thebes :
Festus : By calling ramparts —
ramparts of Ogygus
Accius in Dioynedes means Thebes, because that is the city
which, according to tradition, was founded by Ogygus.
262
and exploits there :
Nonius : ' Celebrescat ' . . . —
and such as it will be, let it be through your
renown that he is made illustrious."
263
Diomedes /* on high birth :
Nonius : ' Locus.' Accius in Diomedes would have this
mean honour —
... It is not birth adorns a man ;
A man's not brave by high estate of birth. ^
264-5
He will return to Argos :
Nonius : ' Nobilis ' is also used for ' notus ' . . . —
Diomedes
Then Fll betake myself again to Argos,
Lest I be recognised by one who is known
To me. For here Fm notable.
* I accept generis (thus Mercier) and carry on the no7i with
fortis. But generi (cdd.) may be right; and Nonius perhaps
just completes the line, but not the sense. Or virum may
be genitive plural: 'A brave hero does not adorn the
breed of heroes by estate of breeding.' ' A warrior brave by
high estate of breeding is no adornment to the breed of
warriors.'
417
VOL. II. E E
ACCIUS
266
Nonius, 238, 5 : ' Adtendere ' est intendere ... —
Simul aurem adtendo ut quircm exaudire amplius.
267-8
Nonius, 238, 18 : ' Adtendere ' . . . —
Si umquam praepediar, gnate puer, ne adtenderis
petere a me id quod nefas sit concedi tibi.
269
Nonius, 470, 29 : ' Largi ' pro largirc ... —
benigne et pro beneficio largi atque ampliter.
Cp. Non., 511, 26.
270
Nonius, 181, 14: ' Tarditudincni ' et ' tarditiem ' pro
tarditate ... —
Multa amittuntur tarditie et socordia.
271
Nonius, 159, 5 : ' Pecua' et 'pecuda' ita ut pecora veteres
dixerunt ... —
passimque praedam pecua vallebant agris.
26^ si umquam cdrf. numquam Mr. linguam Ribb.
praepediar Bern. 347 perpediar rell. praepedior Ribb.
perpellar Mr. perpetiar Grotius gnate Grotius
grate Bothe quareRibb. gratow/gnatocfW. puer
cdfl. tu Grotius inpune coiii. Linds.
2«» et crld. 470, 511 ei Gulielmus
270 tarditie ed. 1476 tarditia cdd.
418
PLAYS
Unplaced fragments :
266
Nonius : ' Adtendere ' means * intendere ' . . . - -
At the same time I bent an ear to him.
So that I could hear more.
267-8
Nonius : ' Adtendere ' . . . —
If ever I should be embarrassed, son,
You must not strive, dear boy, to beg of me
What it would be a wrong to grant you.
269
Thanks to Jupiter ? :
Nonius : ' Largi ' for ' largire ' . . . —
Let your bestowal be most plentiful,
Kindly, and of a piece with kindness rendered.
270
Slowth condemned :
Nonius : ' Tarditudo ' and ' tardities ' for ' tarditas ' . . . —
Many things men let go through tardiness
And witlessness.
271
flocks :
Nonius : ' Pecua ' and ' pecuda ' are terms used by the old
writers in the same way as ' pecora.' ... —
They all about the fields were walling « in
The flocks that were the spoil.
" vallebant is apparently right ; the word occurs here only.
"^ praedam pecua avellebant coni. Buecheler praeda
pecua vellebant Lu. vallebant G. balabant Aid.
419
EE 2
ACCIUS
EPIGONI
This play on the sons of the Seveu who went against Thebes
was based as Cicero shows {de Opt. Gen. Or., 6, 18) on Sophocles,
whose 'EnLyovoL was a famous play, and not on Aeschylus'
'Em'yovot. Scene: in front of Alcmaeon's house in Argos;
R., 487 ff. The play seems to me to fall into two parts : (A)
Before the expedition of the Epigoni (lines 272-83); (B)
After the capture of Thebes by them (lines 284-93).
Amphiaraus of Argos was convinced that if he joined the
expedition of the Seven against Thebes, he would meet his
death. His wife Eriphyle, bribed by Polyneices with the
gift of Harmonia's necklace, persuaded Amphiaraus to go.
Before he went, he enjoined his sons Alcmaeon and Amphi-
lochus to avenge his death by slaying Eriphyle and under-
taking a second expedition against Thebes. The first expe-
272-3
Nonius, 159, 38 : ' Porcet ' significat prohibet . . . Accius
Epigonis —
. . . Quibus oculis quisquam nostrum poterit illorum
optui
vultus, quos iam ab armis anni porcent ?
274
Nonius, 426, 25 : ' Animus ' et ' anima ' hoc distant :
animus est quo sapimus, anima qua vivimus .^. —
Sapimus animo, fruimur anima; sine animo anima
est debilis.
ego
cdd
420
Non., 159 : Epigonis lun. Erigona Aid. ligones G.
;ones Lu.
iVo/i.,426: Epigonis Bothe Erigona Mercier epigone
PLAYS
THE AFTER-BORN
dition failed, and Amphiaraus miraculously disappeared.
When the sons of the Seven prepared the second expedition
in order to avenge their fathers, they chose Alcmaeon to be their
leader; he, however, hesitated, not having killed his mother
Eriphyle. But she, now possessing Harmonia's ' peplus '
besides the necklace, persuaded him to go. After the fall of
Thebes (so ApolL, III, 86; another version, followed by
Ribbeck, makes Alcmaeon kill his mother before the second
expedition), Alcmaeon, having discovered the reason why she
had induced him to take part in the expedition, slew her with
the help of his brother Amphilochus, was afflicted with mad-
ness, and became an exile. (See the plays Alcmeo and
Alphesihoea, pp. .332 ff.)
272-3
Thersander, spoJcestnan of the After-Born, pleads for a second
expedition against Thebes ? : "
Xonius : ' Porcet ' (keep back) means prevents . . . Accius
in The After-Born —
How shall the eyes of any one of us,
Whom now at last our years keep back from
warfare,
Be able to look those men in the face ?
274
From the same speech ? :
Nonius : ' Animus ' and ' anima ' differ in this : ' animus '
is that through which we have intelligence, ' anima ' is that
by which we live ... — •
Intelligence is ours through the mind ;
Enjoyment, in our breath ^ ; when mind is absent.
Breath is a thing enfeebled.
" R., 489. The speaker might be Adrastus.
* sc. of life.
421
ACCIUS
275
Nonius, 230, 17 : ' Vulgus ' . . , masculino . . . —
Et nonne Argivos fremere bellum et velle vim vulgum
vides?
276
Nonius, 226, 22 : ' Stupiditatem.' Accius Epigonis —
ita inperitus stupiditate erumpit se, impos consili.
277-9
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 288, 15 : Saturnii ... in tragoediis
non nunquam incidere veteribus solent ut Ennii Aciique . . .
ex Epigonis ... —
Sed lam Amphilocum hue vadere cerno et
nobis datur bona pausa loquendi
tempusque in eastra revorti.
Cp. Non., 158, 6.
280
Nonius, 20, 7 : ' Clepcrc ' est furari ... —
eaque ivi hoe causa ut nequis nostra verba cleperet
auribus.
Non.y 226 : Epigonis Bothe Erigona Mercier aepi-
gona cdd.
2^° ivi hoc (= hue) Buecheler hoc Mercier ut hoc
cdd. sedud ut lun. ut no Mercier aut ne cdd.
verba c. a. Voss. auribus v. c. cdd. foriasse rede
422
PLAYS
•275
The, Argives demand the expedition :
Nonius : ' Vulgus ' ... in the masculine ... —
And see you not the Argives roaring ' war !
The rabble too all ravening for riot ?
276
Alcmaeon is not decided, and scorns Thersander^s advice :
Nonius : ' Stupiditas.' Used by Accius in The After-
Born — °
Thus bursts he out, a blunderer in stupidity.
A master of no counsel.
277-9
Approach of Amphilochus :
Charisius : . . . Satumian rhythms are sometimes found
to turn up in archaic tragedies, for example of Ennius and
Accius . . . from The After-Born ^ . . . —
But now I see Amphilochus coming hither ;
And so is given us a welcome pause
In parley, and time to return to camp.
280
Secret discussion between Alcmaeon and his brother Amphi-
lochus ? :
Nonius : ' Clepere ' (steal) means to filch ... —
This too is the reason for my coming hither —
That no man's ears should steal our words.
" Or possibly Erigona. See opposite.
^ The metre here is anapaestic, and it is foolish to try to
read the lines as Saturnians.
423
ACCIUS
281-
Soph., Epig. 196 (Pearson) TTtD? ovv fidxcofiai Ovtjtos ojv
Oeia TV)(r] ;
Nonius, 185, 18 : ' Ullo ' pro ultus fuero ... —
Alcmeo
qui nisi genitorem ullo, nullum meis dat finem
miseriis.
282-3
Xonius, 153, 33 : ' Pigrare,' retinere ... —
Fateor ; sed cur proferre haec pigrem aut huius
dubitem parcere
capiti ?
284-5
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 288, 15 : Saturnii ... in tragoediis
non nuraquam incidere veteribus solent ... —
Eriphyle
Quid istuc, gnata unica, est, Demonassa, obsecro,
quod me . . . expetens timidam e tecto excies ?
286
Nonius, 16, 1 : ' Expectorare ' est extra pectus eicere . . . —
. . . Eloquere propere ac pavorem hunc meum
expectora.
281 ullo cdd. (gcnitores nullo LuA), item in lemm. ulso
Voss.
282 proferre Flor. 3 propterre ? Lu. proterre Harl. 2
sed propter cur repigrem G. propter te rell.
285 quod me * * * * * go expetens cdd. (mecumago vel
meanuigo Neap. ?) me subito coni. Keil quod
Alcumaeo vel q. ra. Alcmaeo Bergk me hac voce Ribb. ed. 3
286 propere fun. proprie cdd. pavorem h. m. cdd.
m. h. p. Voss. mih. p. Bothe cretic. conMit. Buecheler
424
PLAYS
281
Alcmaeon tells his brother how Apollo demanded that he should
slay his mother Eriphyle :
Nonius : ' UUo ' " for ' ultus fuero ' . . . —
Alcmaeon
Who grants no ending to my sad misfortunes
Unless I avenge my father.
282-3
Amphilochus is minded to defend his mother ? :
Nonius : ' Pigrare ' (slacken) to hold back ... —
I do confess it ; but why should I slacken
The advancement ^ of this plan, and hesitate
To spare this person's life ?
284-5
Demonassa, knowing EriphyWs peril, has called her out of
doors :
Charisius : . . . Satumian rhythms ' are sometimes found
to turn up in archaic tragedies ... —
Eriphyle
Pray why then, Demonassa, only daughter,
Is this that in an urgent cry to me
You call me thus affrighted from the house ?
286
Nonius : ' Expectorare ' means to ' get off the chest,'
' pectus "... —
Speak you out quickly and unbosom me
Of this my dread.
" But ulso (Vossius) may be right.
^ Or, ' put off, postpone the plan ' ; or, ' falter in bringing
forward these my thoughts.'
<^ In the fr. which follows the metre is creiic; see note on
277-9.
425
ACCIUS
287
Nonius, 200, 16 : ' Collns ' masculino ... —
Alcmeo
. . . Quid cesso ire ad eam ? Em praesto est ; camo
collum graven! !
288
Nonius, 472, 17 : ' ^Moderant ' pro moderantur ... —
Eriphyle
Viden iit te inpietas stimulat nee moderat metiis ?
289
Nonius, 75, 25 : ' Attigat,' contingat ... —
Age age amolire ! Amitte ! Cave vestem attigas !
290
Nonius, 398, 19 : ' Supplicium ' rursus supplicatio . . .
Accius Epigonis —
Alcmeo
Nunc pergam ut suppliciis placans caelitura aras
expleam.
28' <sed> quid Ribb. carao <vide> collum Ribb.
Non., 398 : Epigonis Aid. Erigona Mercier epigono
odd. (epigona G.)
<• To this part of the play may belong Tusc. Disjp., II,
25, 60 : Audisne haec, Ampkiarae, sub terram abdite. But
Cicero appears to translate Sophocles; cf. R., 492.
^ This fr. should perhaps be followed by the single fr. from
Eriphyle -see pp. 438-9, H., 493-i.
426
PLAYS
287
Alcmaeon sees Eriphyle decked icith the necklace with which
she was bribed : *
Nonius : ' Collus ' in the masculine ... —
Alcmaeon
I'll not
Delay to approach her. See ! She is at hand.
How heavy with the neck-band is her throat ! ^
288
Eriphyle appeals to Alcmaeon as a son :
Nonius : ' Moderant ' for ' moderantur ' . . . —
Eriphyle
See you! How that disloyalty spurs you on,
And fear restrains you not !
289
and tries to keep him off :
Nonius : ' Attigat,' touch ... — •
Don't ! Don't ! Get you away ! Let go ! Best
not touch the robe ! <^
290
After the murder of Eriphyle and a bitter quarrel with his
brother Adrastus, Alcmaeon decides to make sacrifice in expia-
tion :
Nonius : ' Supplicium ' (act of worship) again means sup-
plication , . . Accius in The After-Born —
Alcmaeon
Now will I proceed
To load the altars of the heavenly gods,
Appeasing them with worship.
* She probably means Harmonia's pe^/w5, which Alcmaeon
tries to tear away.
ACCIUS
291-3
Nonius, 342, 6 : ' j\Iactare ' malo adficere significat . . .
Accius Epigonis —
Maneas, adsis ?
An te exilio mactem Pelopis
ex terris ?
294
Nonius, 191, 31 : ' Amnem ' . . . ferainino ... —
apud abundantem antiquam amnem et rapidas undas
Inach
EPINAUSIMACHE
Whatever the model may have been (a play by Aeschylus ?),
the material for this drama is found in the Iliad, particularly
Books XIII-XV. R., 355 fiF, But Accius introduced events
which are adapted from other books of the Iliad (cp. lines 308-
295
Nonius, 233, 19 : ' Anima ' iterum significat iracundiam vel
furorem, unde et animosi dicuntur iracundi . . . Accius . . .
Epinausimache —
Achilles
ut nunc, cum animatus iero, satis armatus sum.
296
Nonius, 256, 36 : ' Comparare ' iterum aestimare ... —
Proin tu id cui fiat, non qui facias compara.
291-3 maneas e.q.s. Linds, maneas adhis an te exilio macte
pelopis extemis cdd. maneas, adis Mr. ad Glisantem
Bergk maneas Argis an te e. mactem Buecheler
maneas : alios autem macto Bothe maneas, adsis autem,
exilio macte ex terris Pelopiis Ribb.. fd. 3 ex terminis 8
428
PLAYS
291-3
He becomes frenzied by a Fury. A seer tells him to leave the
land ? :
Nonius : ' Mactare ' means to afflict with evil ... — •
Would "- you stay ? Still would be here ? Must I
curse you with banishment from Pelops' lands }
Unplaced :
294
Nonius : ' Amnis ' ... in the feminine ... —
Near by the plenteous-flowing olden stream
And waters swift of Inachus.
THE BATTLE AT THE SHIPS
11), and we can trace a certain development of the character
of Antilochus (? cp. Myrmidones, pp. 480-1) which is not
found in Homer at all. Ma;^?; eVi rat? vavalv was the title of
the Xlllth book of the Iliad.
295
Achilles is impatient to avenge the death of Patroclus :
Nonius : ' Anima ' again means anger or rage, whence
' animosi ' is a term applied to wrathful persons . . . Accius
... in The Battle at the Ships —
Achilles
As now, when I shall go ^\'ith wTath well warmed
I am well armed enough.
296
Patroclus must fill A chines' thoughts :
Nonius : ' Comparare ' again means to estimate ... —
You must then estimate for whom 'tis done,
Not how you are to do it.
" The beginning of this fr. is very uncertain.
429
ACCIUS
297-8
Nonius, 485, 13 : ' Excrciti ' vel ' exercituis ' pro exercitus
At contra quantum obfueris, si victus sies,
considera et quo revoces summam exerciti.
299-300
Nonius, 158, 3 : ' Paenitunim ' . . . —
Quod si procedit,neque te neque quemquam arbitror
tuae paeniturum laudis, quam ut serves vide.
301
Nonius, 519, 1 : Veterum raemorabilis scientia paucorum
numcrum pro bonis ponebat, multos contra malos appella-
bant ... —
Achilles
probis probatuni potius quam multis fore.
302
Nonius, 9, 16 : ' Mutus' onomatopoeia est inccrtae vocis,
quasi mugitus . . . —
Achilles
item ac maestitiam mutam infantum quadrupedum
303
Nonius, 110, 32 : ' Fligi,' adfligi . . . —
nee perdolescit fligi socios, morte campos contegi ?
297 at cuM. Ribb. et Scriverius contra tu Mr.
obfuerit cojii. Ribb., ed. 3
3"^ probatum cdd. probatus Lips fore ed. 1480
forem cdd.
" Or possibly Phoenix. " Or ' our whole army.'
« Not, apparently, of ' crawling infants.'
PLAYS
297-8
Antilochiis ? " tries to curb Achilles^ impatience :
Nonius : ' Exerciti ' and ' exercituis ' for ' exercitus ' . . . —
But ponder how much damage you have done,
And to what point of hazard you may bring
Our army's interests ^ if you are conquered.
299-300
Nonius : ' Paeniturum ' . . . —
But if this goes aright, not you, I think,
Nor any man the homage \\dll resent
That will be yours ; see then that you maintain it.
301
From AchiUea'' reply :
Nonius : The old writers in their memorable wisdom put
the expression ' the few ' (in number) for ' the good,' and on
the other hand they used ' the many ' as a term for ' the bad'
Achilles
That by the honourable I'll be honoured
Rather than by the many.
302
The grief of Patroclus' horses at his death :
Nonius : * Mute ' is an onomatopoeia describing a vague
utterance, a sort of ' mooing ' . . . —
Achilles
Just like
Mute sorrowing of dumb four-footed beasts. '^
303
Antilochus ? still remonstrates :
Nonius : ' Fligi,' the same as ' affligi ' . . . —
And does he not grieve greatly that his comrades
Are stricken, and the fields are hidden by death ?
ACCIUS
304
Nonius, 2, 14 : ' Senium ' ipsum positum sic . . . —
Achilles
Mors amici subigit, quod mi est senium multo
acerrimum.
305-6
Nonius, 495, 6 : Accusativus nunieri singularis positus pro
genetivo plurali . . . (495, 21) . . . —
Nuntius
Ab classe ad urbem tendunt, neque quisquam potest
fulgentium armum armatus ardorem obtui.
307
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 117, 14: ' Aoris.' Accius in Epi-
nausimache —
Incursio ita erat acris.
308-9
Homer, IL, XX, 490 s.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., 11, 229, 10 : lovis nominativo quoque
casu invenitur . . . Accius in Epinausimache —
. . . lucifera lampade exurat lovis
abietem.
310-11
Homer, IL, VII, 74-5.
Nonius, 261, 18 : ' Cernere ' rursum dimicare vel contendere
Primores procerum provocavit nomine
si esset quis qui armis secum vellet cernere.
3°^ mi Bothe mihi cdd.
^"^ abietem Hermann arietem cdd.
3^" nomine S nominans Kiessling nomina cdd,
^^^ si Voss. ni Delrio nisi cdd.
432
PLAYS
304
Achillea is overcome by grief :
Nonius : ' Senium ' itself occurs thus ... —
Achilles
Death of a friend subdues me ; that's to me
By far the keenest sadness.
305-6
The wonderful deeds of Achilles in battle :
Nonius : The accusative of the singular number put for the
genitive plural ... —
Messe}iger
Citywards from the fleet they bent their course ;
Nor then could any man gaze at the glow,
Of glaring arms and armour.^
307
Charisius : ' Acris.' Accius in The Battle at the Ships —
So fierce ^vas the onrush.
308-9
Priscianus : The form ' lovis ' is also found in the nomina-
tive case . . . Accius in The Battle at the Ships —
Jove may burn the fir with gleaming glow.
310-11
Hector's challenge :
Nonius : ' Cernere ' again means to fight or strive . . .
The foremost of the leading chiefs by name
He challenged, if there should be any one
WTio might desire to strive with him in arms.
" But perhaps armatus is 'himself in arms.'
433
VOL. II. F F
ACCIUS
312
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 126, 14 : ' Duo,' hos duo. ... —
Mavortes armis duo congresses crcderes.
313-14
Nonius, 191, 31 : ' Amnein ' . . . feminino ... —
Achilles
. . . Scamandriam undam salso sanctam obtexi
sanguine
atque acervos alta in anmi corpore explevi hoslico.
315
Nonius, 227, 27 : ' Terriculae ' . . . Neutri ... —
Achilles
Ubi nunc terricula tua sunt ?
316
Nonius, 479, 10 : ' I'atiscuntur ' pro fatiscunt ... —
Priamus
Tamen haut fatiscar quin tuam inplorem fidem.
317
Nonius, 499, 29 : Accusativus pro genetivo ... —
Eos mortales, Phoenix, miseror ; scire ego istud vos
volo.
^^2 martes cd.
3^' sic Havet eos mortalis foenis (foenus Bamh., Par.
7666, Lngd.) lib. X miseror (misereor Bamh.) saepe studitos volo
cdd. cf. Linds. ad. I. ; Ribb., Trag. Fragm., pp. 178-9 etcorollar.,
LVI
434
PLAYS
312
Single combat ivith Hector :
Charisius : ' Duo,' accusative masculine plural ... —
You would believe a Mars with Mars had joined
In armed fight.
313-14
Achilles rejoices :
Nonius : ' Amnis ' ... in the feminine ... —
Achilles
Scamander's sacred stream I overspread
With brackish blood, and in the river deep
Piled plenteous heaps of enemy carcasses.
315
He jeers at Hector : '^
Nonius : ' Terriculae ' ... In a neuter form ... —
Achilles
And now where are your scare-babes ?
316
Priam begs Achilles to return Hector^ s body :
Nonius : ' Fatiscuntur ' for ' fatiscunt ' . . . — -
Priajn
Still I will not faint to implore your protection.
Unplaced :
317
Nonius : The accusative for the genitive ... —
Those mortals I do pity, Phoenix ; I would have
you know that well.^
" Whose corpse was probabty brought on to the stage.
^ Corrupt. I have accepted Havet, Alel. Graux, 804.
435
FF 2
ACCIUS
ERIGONA
This play may have dealt with the same theme iisAgamcmn,07i's
Children (pp. 330-1), but was a separate play (on this see
p. 331), and was probably modelled on Sophocles' 'Hptyo'v?;.
R., 471 ff. Little can be made of the fragments, but the chief
theme of the drama would be the desire of Orestes to slay Eri-
gona, a daughter of Aegisthus and Clytaemnestra, and sister of
318
Nonius, 497, 36 : Genetivus positus pro ablativo vel ad-
verbio loci . . . Accius Erigona —
Locrorum late viridia et frugum ubera,
319
Nonius, 341, 27 : ' Mactare ' est immolare ... —
Quod utinam me suis Arquitenens telis mactasset
dea !
320
Nonius, 85, 14 : ' Comitasset ' pro concubuisset ... —
Turn autem Aegisthus si me eodem lecto comi-
tasset patri . . .
321-2
Nonius, 315, 9 : ' Grave ' . . . —
Sed ubi ad finem ventum est quo ilium fors expec-
tabat loco,
atque Orestes gravis sacerdos ferro prompto adsistere,
^^^ Locrorum Aid. locorum Bothe lucorum Bue-
cheler lucronum cdd. Jortasse loca horum
^2" me Grotius meae Linds. med Palmer {Spic.)
meed coni. Ribb. me esse (ee) cdd. patri cdd.
matri Linds. fortasse si matri e. 1. c. meae
^'-^ adque Ribb. atque cdd. prneter G. Escorial. (atquem)
Orestes cdd. Orestem Ritschl (-en Grotius -ae Mr.)
adsistere Quich. adstituerat Ribb. adstitit Grotius
adstitucre cdd. praeter Ge7i., Bcni., 83 (adstitit)
436
PLAYS
ERIGONA
Aletes who usurped the throne of Mycenae. But Erigona was
removed by Diana to Attica and became her priestess there
(Hygin., Fah., 22). According to another account, Erigona,
when she heard that Orestes had been acquitted by the Areo-
pagus, took her own life.
318
In praise of the plain of Amphissa :
Nonius : The genitive put for the ablative or an adverb of
place . . . Accius in Erigona —
Green fields of Locri, far and wide, in crops
Abundant,
319
Orestes {?) in great need :
Nonius : ' Mactare ' means to immolate ... —
Would that the Archeress had sacrificed
Me with her arrows.
320
Nonius : ' Comitasset ' (companioned, had been a com-
panion to) for had lain with . . .
But if in such a case Aegisthus had companioned
me in the same bed as the father ..."
321-2
How Orestes came to slay Aletes and Erigona ? :
Nonius : ' Grave ' . . . —
But when
At last they came where fate ^ awaited him,
And the grim priest Orestes with drawn sword
Had taken there his stand,
" But the readings and meaning are doubtful.
^ Or, ' by chance he . . .'
437
ACCIUS
323
Nonius, 276, 16 : ' Deponere ' est commendare ... —
Hospitem depositam interimes ?
324
Nonius, 469, 18 : ' Adsensit ' . . . —
Adsentio ; age nunc tu tuam progeniem ex ordine . . .
325
Nonius, 159, 23 : ' Putret ' . . . —
. . . quamquam exangue est corpus mihi atque annis
putret.
ERIPHYLA
326
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 236, 5 : ' Bicorpor ' ' bieorporis,
' tricorpor ' ' tricorporis,' ut Accius in Eriphyla —
Pallas bicorpor anguium spiras traliit.
EURYSACES
The plot of this play in unknoA^Ti, only one fr. of
Sophocles' play being extant. According to the legend,
Telamon killed his own step-brother Phocus, and for this mis-
deed Aeacus condemned him to banishment. He went to
Salamis, where Cychreus bequeathed to him his kingdom. In
this play of Accius, Telamon is a])parently an exile, which
^2* ex quid. ap. Mr. prefer Ribb. ede Mercier et cdd.
<» Erigona might be called ' guest ' by Diana when she comes
to rescue her.
PLAYS
323
Erigona is threatened by Orestes, who has already slain Aletes :
Nonius : ' Deponere ' means to entrust ... —
Will you destroy her, guest placed in your trust ? '^
324
A stranger is asked about his ancestry :
Xonius : ' Adsensit.' ... —
I consent. Come now, tell you the sequence of
your lineage.
325
an old man :
Nonius : ' Putret ' . . . —
although my body is bloodless-pale and crumbles
with the years.
ERIPHYLE ^
326
Prologue. The necklace with which Polyneices bribed
Eriphyle ?
Priscianus ; ' Bicorpor ' genitive ' bicorporis,' ' tricorpor '
genitive ' tricorporis ' ; for example Accius in Eriphyle — ■
Pallas '^ double-bodied drags serpents' coils.
EURYSACES
suggests the time of his expulsion from Aegina. Possibly we
have not to do with Telamon, but only with his son Teucer
(exiled from Salamis to Cyprus) and Eurysaces. We do not
know the legends about Eurj^saces, beyond his connexion with
Attica, which does not seem to come within the scope of
Accius' play. Cf. R., 419 ff.
^ The single fr. should perhaps be included in The After-
Born, see p. 426 and R., 493-4.
" The giant, apparently represented as dragging a snake or
snakes.
439
ACCIUS
327-30
Nonius, 14, 20 : ' Extorris ' dicitur extra terrain vel extra
terminos. Accius Eurysace —
Nunc per terras vagus extorris
regno exturbatus, mari . . .
Nonius, 193, 1 : ' Anfractum ' . . . Neutro . . . Accius
Eurysace —
Super Oceani stagna alta patris
terrarum anfracta revisam.
Cp. Varr., L.L., VII, 15.
331-2
Nonius, 111,1: ' Fragescere,' frangi ... —
Numquam erit tarn immanis, cum non mea opera
extinctum sciat,
quin fragescat.
333-4
Nonius, 225, 35 : ' Squalor ' . . . Feminini ... —
Pro di immortales, speciem humanam invlsita,
tarn egregiam, indignam clade et squalitudine !
335-6
Nonius, 184, 25 : ' Vastities ' et ' vastitudo ' et ' vastitas,'
horror et desertio et contagiura ... —
. . . Sed tu atratus taetra veste et vastitudine
deformatus,
327-8 Jortasse septenar.
331 cum non mea o. Bothe c. mea o. cdd. jortasse
cum mead opera
333-4 invisita | tam Mr. (invisito | tarn Bothe) invisi
ita Onions invisitatam Ribb. inusitatam G. (-tem Lu.)
33^ . . . sed tu atratu's Linds, sic atratus Ribb. sed ut
atratus Ribb., erf. 3 sed atratus Mercier sed ut ratus crfrf.
33*5 tam deformatus Mercier deformatu's Onions tetra
formatus S vastitudine tra deformatuis cdd. sechid. tra
Ribb.
440
PLAYS
327-30
Nonius : ' Extorris ' is a term used for one ' extra terram '
or ' extra terminos.' Accius in Eurysaces —
Outlander now, out of my kingdom thrust,
A wanderer over lands, on sea . . .
Nonius : ' Anfractum ' ... In the neuter . . . Accius in
Eurysaces —
Back over deep pools of father Ocean will I see
again the windings and turnings of the land."
331-2
Nonius : ' Fragescere,' to be broken ... —
Never will he be so savage
That he'll not break when he is made aware
That this man by my help was not destroyed.
333-4
Nonius : ' Squalor ' ... Of the feminine gender ... —
Ah ! ye Immortal gods ! Come you ^ and see
A human shape, so eminent, unworthy
Of outrage and of squalor !
335-6
Nonius : ' Vastities ' and ' vastitudo ' and ' vastitas ' mean
horror and forlornness and infection ... —
But you thus dressed in hideous black and marred
With desolation,
" Hardly ' the windings of my father's lands ' ; anfractmn
is, in classical Latin anfractus (gen. -us), a bending.
^ Or read invisitatam (with a lacuna after humanam) — ' A
human shape ! How strange it is . . . ' If invisita is right
here, it is the only example of a verb invisito.
ACCIUS
337
Nonius, 15, 3 : ' Enoda ' significat explana ... —
. . . Tu autem quod quaero abs te enoda et qui sis
explica.
338-9
Nonius, 267, 17: ' Censere ' significat existimare, arbi-
trari ... —
. . . Nam ea oblcctat spes aerumnosum hospitem
dum illud quod miser est clam esse censet alteros.
340
Nonius, 522, 20 : Vitiose dicimus cum nos in foro fuisse
dicamus, apud aut ad forum fuisse, cum apud iuxta signi-
ficet ... —
Apud ipsum adstas.
341
Nonius, 341, 14 : ' Locus,' genus, nobilitas, dignitas ... —
. . . atque ut vides non tenui de loco.
342
Nonius, 499, 29 : Accusativus pro genetivo ... —
Heu me miserum, cum haec recordor, cum illos
reminiscor dies,
343-4
Nonius, 230, 17 : ' Vulgus ' . . . masculino , . . —
t dirtidnmantem necidere f
turbat vulgum f ambigua accius f evitat moeros
disicit.
^3' abs te L^t. om. rell.
^^^ ea <deraum> Ribb.
339 illud Ritschl id cd(l.
3^3 (liscidia amantem Buecheler Iphidamantem Roth
alii alia a mentem EscoriaL neci dare lun. scindere
Ribb. alii alia. var. coni. docii; cf. Ribb. Trag. Fragm.,
p. 181
442
PLAYS
337
Nonius : ' Enoda ' (unknot) means explain ... —
But do you unknot what I ask of you
And who you are unfold.
338-9
Nonius : ' Censere ' means to believe, suppose ... —
For that's the hope which cheers a stranger lost
In hardship — the belief that his sad plight
Is hidden from his fellows.
340
Nonius : We are faulty in our diction when, in stating that
we have been ' in the forum,' we say we were ' apud ' or ' ad
forum,' since ' apud ' means near by . . . —
Hard by himself you stand.
341
Nonius : ' Locus,' birth, nobility, dignity ... —
And from estate not slender, as you see.
342
Nonius : The accusative for the genitive ... —
Ah ! Wretched me ! When I recall all that,
Remember too those bygone days,
343-4
Nonius : ' Vulgus ' ... in the masculine ... —
. . . ° He routs the commoners, unlifes them all,
Dashes the walls to pieces.
* The fr. is very corrupt at the beginning and in the middle,
and no restorations have been convincing.
* 3** ambigua accius nata ex Verg. Aen., II et seqq. jjriits a
Non. cit.
443
ACCIUS
345
Nonius, 72, 29 : * Anxitudo ' . . . —
Persuasit maeror anxitudo error dolor.
346
Nonius, 509, 20 : ' Disertini ' dicere plane palam Titinio
auctore possumus ... —
Disertim id unum incommodis defit meis.
347-50
Nonius, 445, 2 : ' Miserari ' et ' misereri ' veteres his sensibus
esse voluenint ut miserari flere et lamentari, misereri niisera-
tionem alienis casibus exhibere ; et activo ad primum affectum,
passivo ad secundum. Accius Eurysace — ■
Ei mihi, ut etiam haec aerumna mihi luctum addit
luctibus.
<(Quis miseratur ?)
t Alia persona : ' Quid miserare ? ' Idem Eurysace —
Tuam solitatem memorans, formidans tibi,
Te comniiserabam magis quam niiserebar mihi.
Cp. Non., 17.3, 23.
351-9
Cicero, pro Sest., 56, 120 : Egit [sc. Aesopus) apud populum
Roraanum multo gravioribus verbis nieam causam, quam
egomet de me agere potuissem. Summi enim poetae ingenium
non solum arte sua sed etiam dolore exprimebat. Qua enim
vi —
^*' haec aerumna ed. princ. haec aerumna haec cdd.
^** <Quis miseratur ?> coniicio
No7i., 445, 8-9 : miserare (vel miseras) ? Idem Eurysace
Mr. miserari id me Eurysacem cdd.
3*9 memorans formidans cdd. 173 memoras formidas
cdd. 445 cf. liihh., Trag. Fragm., pp. 181-2 et corollart
LVI-LVII
444
PLAYS
345
Xonius : ' Anxltudo ' . » . ^
Grief, wandering, anxiety, and pain
Prevailed on me.
346
Xonius : " Disertim ' (plainly, expressly) is a term we can,
on the authority of Titinius, use for clearly, openly ... —
In plain words this alone
Is wanting from the sum of my discomforts.
347-50
Xonius : ' ^liserari ' and ' misereri.' The old writers saw
fit to take these words in different senses, as follows : ' mise-
rari ' being to weep and lament, ' misereri ' to show commisera-
tion at another's calamities; and they held that the verb in
the active form {sc. ' miserare ') applied to the former emotion,
in the deponent to the latter. Accius in Eurysaces —
Ah me ! So there is even this distress
That adds grief to my griefs . . . who sorrows for
me ?
In another person : " ' Why do you sorrow ? ' (see p. 599).
The same poet in Eurysaces —
Your loneliness I talked of, full of fear
On your account ; for you I sorrowed more
Than I was sorry for myself.
351-9
Cicero : He [sc. Aesopus) acted my cause before the people
in words far weightier than I could have used in pleading for
myself ! For he expressed the genius of an excellent poet not
only by his art but by his grief also. With what powerful
effect did he say that I, a man —
" This fr. also is corrupt, and none of the many emen-
dations removes the difficulties. After luctibus a clause
has fallen out illustrating miserari used in some other person
than the first or second.
445
ACCIUS
. . . qui rem publicam animo certo adiuvcrit
statuerit, steterit cum Achivis,
vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, vestros ordines monstrabat.
Revocabatur ad universis —
Re dubia
haut dubitarit vitam offerre nee capiti pepercerit.
Haec quantis ab illo clamoribus agebaiitur . . . lam ilia
quanto cum gemitu populi Romani ab codem paulo post in
eadem fabula haec sunt acta —
O pater ... 355
Me, mc ille absentem ut patrem deplorandum putarat. . . .
Quanto cum fletu de illis nostris incendiis ac minis, cum
' patrem pulsum, patriam afflictam ' deploraret, ' domum
incensam eversam,' quae sic egit, ut demonstrata pristina
fortuna cum se convortisset —
Haec omnia vidi inflammari,
fletum ctiam inimicis atque invidis cxcitaret —
Pro di immortales !
Quid ? Ilia quemadmodum dixit idem ! . . . —
O ingratifici Argivi, inmoenes Grai, inmemores
benefici !
Non erat illud verum. . . . sed tamen illud scripsit diser-
tissimus poeta pro me; egit fortissimus actor, non solum
optimus, de me, cum omnes ordines demonstraret, senatum,
equites Romanos, universum populum Romanum accusaret —
" Here, according to Cicero, Aesopus inserted a line of his
own : ' summum amicum summum in bello summo ingenio
praeditum.'
** These words, and also the next quotation (' All thiy . . .)
undoubtedly occurred in Ennius' Andromacha (see Remains of
Old Latin, Vol. I, pp. 250-3). But Cicero and the scholiast
of Bobbio make it clear that Aesopus spoke them in a per-
formance of Accius' Eurysaces. We must conclude, therefore,
either that Aesopus interpolated Ennius' words for Cicero's
benefit, or that Accius copied Ennius.
446
PLAYS
Who did \v'ith steadfast soul the commonwealth
Aid and set upright, and did stand beside
The Achivi,
stood beside you, and with \vhat powerful effect did he keep
pointing to your rows of seats ! He was encored by one and
all at the words —
In doubtful fortune doubted not his life
To expose, his person spared not ;
What shouts accompanied his acting of this scene !...<• And
then what groans from the Roman people accompanied the
acting of the following by the same man a little later in the
same play —
O father » . . .
He meant me, yes me, so far away; he had thought me
worthy to be mourned like a ' father ' . . . ^Yhat sobs there
were over that notorious burning and devastation of my
possessions, when he mourned a . . . ' father banished, father-
land laid low, his dwelling burned and overthrown ' ! "^ All
this he acted in such a way, that when he had described by-
gone good fortune, and turned round with the words —
All this I saw with flame devoured,
he drew a sob even from my enemies and those who hate me —
Ah ! Immortal gods ! '^
And again, how wonderfully he spoke those famous words also !
O you unthankful Argives !
Undutiful Greeks ! Unmindful of a kindness !
That indeed was not true of you. . . . But be that as it may,
that passage was written for me by a most eloquent poet,
acted about me by an actor not only the best but the bravest,
since he pointed at all the rows of seats, and accused the
senate, the Roman knights, the whole Roman people — •
* Quoted from Accius' play ? Cp. Tusc. Disp.y III, 39.
^ Words of Cicero, not Accius ? But cf. Schol. Bob. below.
447
ACCIUS
exulare sinitis, sistis pelli, pulsuni patimini !
. . . (58, 123) Utrum igitur haec Aesopum potius pro me aut
Accium dicere oportuit si populus Romanus liber esset, an
principes civitatis ?
Schol. Bob., ad Cic, pro Sest., 56, 120: Actor illis tempori-
bus nobilissimiis tragicarum fabularum Aesopus egisse videtur
Accii fabulam quae inscribitur Eurysaees, ita ut per omnem
actionis cursum tempera rei publicae significarentur, et quidem
Ciceronis fortuna deploraretur.
Id., ad 133 (' o inmoenes Grai ') : Et haec verba sunt de
tragoedia in qua verbum istud immunes ingratos signi-
ficat . . . Ergo versus omnes tragici ad ipsum Ciceronem
. . . convertuntur, ut aliud quidem in opere poetico fuerit,
aliud vero in ipsius actoris significationibus.
360
Nonius, 12, 4 : ' Exspes ' dicitur sine spe ... —
Ille orbus expes liberum
361-2
Nonius, 517, 10 : ' Desubito ' . . . —
Tot tropaea transdes, sumniam gloriam evorti sines
tarn desubito ?
363-4
Nonius, 250, 22 : ' Contendere ' itcrum signiticat extor-
quere ... —
. . . lam potcro ; incipiam, et si nequit,
vi contendam ut hinc conportet secum Salaminem
t habeam t
363-4 jajjj potero incipiam et si nequid vi contendam ut hinc
(hie G.) conportet texum Salaminem habeam cdd. iam
petere i. e. s. nequit Scriverius alii alia tecum
Grotius comportem . . . aveham Buecheler alii alia
cf. Ribb., Trag. Frag/n., p. 184
448
PLAYS
To be an exile you allow him ; yes,
Allowed him to be thrust without ; outthrust
You suffer him to stay so.
. . . Well then, if the Roman people were free, ought
Aesopus or Accius, rather than the chief men in the state, to
have spoken thus on my behalf ?
The scholiast of Bobbio : Aesopus, the most noted actor
of tragic plays in those times, seems to have acted, in the play
of Accius which is entitled Eurysaces, in such a way that
throughout the whole course of the action pointed allusions
were made to contemporary politics, and, in particular, the
bad fortune which had overtaken Cicero was deplored.
The same scholiast, on ' undutiful ' Greeks : These words
also are taken from the tragedy, in which that word ' un-
dutiful ' means ungrateful. . . . Accordingly all those lines
of the tragedy are perverted so as to apply to Cicero himself
... so that the intention of the work as written by the poet
was quite different from the meanings put into it by the actor
himself.
360
Nonius : ' Exspes ' is a term used for without ' spes '
He bereaved, hopeless of children
361-2
Xonius : ' Desubito ' . . . —
Will you yield up trophies
So many, and allow so suddenly
Great glory to be overturned ?
363-4
Nonius : ' Contendere ' (strive) also means to extort ... —
Well," now I'll be able ; and I ^\i\\ begin ;
And if he fails , I will strive mightily
So that he will convey him hence with you
To Salamis.
" The fr. is very corrupt and cannot be restored with any
measure of certainty.
449
VOL. II. G G
ACCIUS
365-6
Nonius, 256, 9 : * Comparare ' vctcrcs coiifirmare et con-
stituere dixcrunt ... —
Nihil est ; si autem ad te ire tardat, socium in portu
est copia
quae subsistat modo tute ipse te confirma et com-
para.
367
Nonius, 355, 13 : ' Occupare ' est proprie praevenire ... —
quern ad modum inpetum occupemus facere ultro in
regem.
368-9
Nonius, 6, 21 : ' Calvitur ' dictum est frustratur ... —
Sed memet calvor ; vos istum iussi ocius
abstrahite.
370-2
Nonius, 356, 15 : ' Opinio ' suspicio ... —
Opinione factum est, . . . quanto minus
stirpem edocebant, tanto ut reremur magis
eos esse.
373
Nonius, 325, 6 : ' Ilico,' in eo loco ... — •
Ilico inquam habitato, nusquam propius.
365 ire tardat Lips id te retardat Buecheler ad te res
tardat Bothe ad te retardat cdd.
^^c te cdd. tete Bothe ted Ribb. confirma
Quich. offirma Lips firma Bothe effirma cdd.
3*8 iussi cdd. <ut> iussi Aid.
3'o minus cdd. mitius Buecheler ut quanto minus
Voss. magis Bothe
3"! edocebant Mr. educabant G. edocabant Lu.l
Gen. Bern., 82 tanto ut r. m. Tun. t. r. Voss. t.
veremur Bothe ut eremur m. cdd.
3"2 COS esse c(/<Z. severos (wZ eos s.) esse Ribb.
PLAYS
365-6
Nonius : ' Comparare ' (make ready). Used by old writers
in the sense of confirm and establish ... —
It's nought ; but if he 's slow to come to you,
There is a host of allies in the harbour
To make a stand, if only you yourself
Will make your purpose firm and get you ready.
367
Xonius : ' Occupare ' properly means to come before ... —
How we may ourselves forestall
In making an attack upon the king.
368-9
Xonius : ' Calvitur ' (cheats) is a term for deceives ... —
But I do cheat myself.
Be quick and drag him hence as you were ordered.
370-2
Nonius : ' Opinio ' (opinion), suspicion ... —
The less they were for teaching us the truth
About their lineage, by so much more
Was our opinion fixed in the belief
That it was they."
373
Nonius : ' Ilico,' the same as ' in eo loco ' . . . —
There yonder, I say, shall you dwell, and nowhere
nearer.
•^ Another very uncertaiu fr.
3'3 habitat ovis quam propius (propitiusi/u) cdd. habitato
nusquam propius Roth habitato. — 0 lovis Bothe ubi
habitat lovis quam propitius Ribb. alii alia
gg2
ACGIUS
374
Nonius, 495, 7 : Accusativus numeri singularis positus pro
genetivo plurali ... —
Reprime parumper vim citatum quadrupedum.
HECUBA
375
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 264, 14 : ' Veter ' etiam analogia
exigit ut bene sit dictum. Accius in Hecuba —
Veter fatorum terminus sic iusserat.
Eur., Hec, 584 XO. . . . d^wv avayKoiov rohc.
HELLENES
376
Festus, 284, 24 : ' Probrum,' stuprum, flagitium, ut Accius
in Hellenibus —
qui nisi probrum omnia alia indelicta aestimant.
377
Festus, 124, 14 : ' Moenia,' muri, et cetera rauniendae urbis
gratia facta, ut Accius in Hellenibus —
Signa extemplo canere ac tela ob moenia ofFerre
imperat.
3" offerri coni. Ribb.
PLAYS
374
Nonius : The accusative of the singular number put for the
genitive plural ... —
Check you a little the rush of your hurrying four-
footers.
HECUBA «
375
Priscianus : Analogy itself forces us to accept ' veter ' as a
correct form. Accius in Hecuba —
Thus had ordained the ancient limit, set
By the Fates.
THE GREEKS «-
376
Festus : ' Probrum,' disgrace, deed of shame; for example
Accius in The Greeks —
Who appraise as guiltless all things but disgrace.
377
Festus : ' Moenia ' (ramparts), walls and all other works
built as ' muniments ' for a city ; for example Accius in The
Greeks —
He orders them to sound the call forthwith
And volley missiles at the ramparts.
° The one fr. suggests that the model was Euripides'
Hecuba.
* A play of unknown plot and model.
453
ACCIUS
10
This play dealt in part with the same story as Prometheus
(pp. 532-3), but was doubtless a separate play. lo, Juno's
priestess, was turned into a white cow by her lover Zeus who
caused Hermes to kill Argus, the guard set over her by Juno,
lo was sent on delirious wanderings by Juno until she was
restored to human shape in Egypt and gave birth to Epaphus,
378
Charisius, ap. G.L., II, 63, 19 : Huius ' Didus Sapphus
Inus.' Sed melius esset secundum Latinam consuetudinem
huius Sapphonis Didonis dicere . . . Pacuvius sic declinat
. . . et Accius —
Custodem adsiduum loni adposuit virgini.
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., II, 210, 13; 209, 18.
379
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 541, 22 : Accius in lone —
lo
. . . Quibusnam te aibant exortum locis ?
pro ' aiebant,' quod in hac coniugatione fieri solet.
380
Festus, 532, 4 : ' Topper ' ... (15) Sic Accius in lone —
Topper, lit fit, patris te eicit ira.
^^^ adpossuit cd. Charis. instituit cdd. Prise, (opposuit
San/jaU. apposuit Lugd., Bat.)
^''^ exortam llibb. oriundam Usener quibusnam te
ortum aibant locis Bothe q. t. a. ortum 1. cdd.
'^" te eicit cd. te eiccit llibb. spc. IMomms. ted eicit
[vel eiecit) O. Mr. ten eicit Ursinus
454
PLAYS
10
whom Juno caused to be hidden away. lo, seeking him,
wandered on across Syria because she heard that he was to be
found there. She found him, returned and married Telegonus
the king of Egypt, and raised a sanctuary to Demeter whom
the Egyptians called Isis. R., 547 flf.
378
Prologue. Argus placed as guard over lo :
Charisius : Genitives ' Didiis, Sapphus, Inus.' But it
would be better to say ' Sapphonis, Didonis,' according to a
Latin usage. This is the inflection followed by Pacuvius . . .
and Accius —
He put an ever-present guard over the maiden lo.
379
lo discovers Epaphus : *
Priscianus : Accius in lo writes —
lo
From what regions did they say that you uprose ?
Here ' aibant 'is put for ' aiebant,' this being the form usually
employed in this conjugation.
380
A stranger to lo :
Eestus : ' Topper ' . . . Thus Accius in lo —
With might and main,^ for that's the way of the
world
Your father ^ in his anger cast you out.
" So I take it ; thus we need not alter exortum or ortum to
the feminine.
^ Topper really means toto opere. See pp. 35, 315.
'^ Inachus the River-god.
455
ACCIUS
MEDEA
SIVE
ARGONAUTAE
Based perhaps on a play by Sophocles. R., 528 ff. The
plot seems to be formed out of the adventures described by
Apollonius Rhodius, IV, 303 ft'. When Jason and Medea sailed
away from Colchis with the golden fleece, Aeetes ordered that
they should be pursued. Apsyrtus, son of Aeetes and brother
of Medea, came in pursuit with some Colchians to the neigh-
bourhood of the mouth of the Ister (Danube), where the rude
tribes had never seen a ship before. When the Argonauts were
hard pressed by their enemies, Medea passionately exhorted
them to entrust the fleece to Diana until one of the Scythian or
Thracian kings should decide whether it must go back to
Aeetes or remain in the hands of the Argonauts. Jason
381-96
Cicero, de Nat. Deor., II, 35, 89 : Ille apud Accium pastor,
qui navem numquam ante vidisset, ut procul divinum et novum
vehiculum Argonautarum e monte conspexit, primo admirans
et perterritus hoc raodo loquitur —
Pastor
Tanta moles labitur
fremibunda ex alto ingenti sonitu et spiritu ;
prae se undas volvit, vortices vi suscitat ;
ruit prolapsa, pelagus respergit reflat.
Ita dum interruptum credas nimbum volvier, 385
dum quod sublime ventis expulsum rapi
saxum aut procellis, vel globosos turbines
existere ictos undis concursaiitibus ;
382 spiritu Prise. strepitu Cic.
384 reflat Prise. profluit Cic.
45^
PLAYS
MEDEA
OR
THE ARGONAUTS
refused to consent; whereupon Medea suggested that she
should entice her own brother Apsyrtus into Jason's hands,
slay him, and so leave the Colchians leaderless. This was
decided on ; Medea sent gifts to Apsyrtus and trapped him by
a promise that she would unfold to him a trick whereby she
could return home secretly to Aeetes with the fleece. They
met at Diana's temple on an island, and Jason sprang on
Apsyrtus and slew him.
Scene— mouth of the Ister. Chorus of Argonauts
(Minyae?). Cf. L. Delage, Melanges ojferts a M. Octave
Navarre (1935).
381-96
Approach of the Argo :
Cicero : In Accius your shepherd, who had never yet seen
a ship, as from a mountain he spied in the distance the
strange and god-built conveyance of the Argonauts, in his
first astonishment and great alarm spoke in this manner — "
Shepherd
So huge a mass glides roaring thus from out
The deep with mighty blare and blast ! In front
It billows rolls and swirling eddies stirs ;
Headlong it hurtles, splashing back, and back
Blowing the sea. So came it that you would
Believe now that a thundercloud rolled riven,
Now that a rock was caught and flung aloft
By winds or storms, or whirling waterspouts
Uprose, upbeaten by the brawling billows ;
« Cp. Apoll. Rhod., IV, 316-322.
457
ACCIUS
nisi quas terrestres pontus strages conciet,
aut forte Triton fuscina evertens specus 390
subter radices penitus undante in freto
molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum eruit.
Dubitat primo quae sit ea natura quam cemit ignotam,
idemque iuvenibus visis auditoque nautico cantu —
sicut citati atque alacres rostris perfremunt
delphini . . .
Item alia multa —
Silvani melo 395
consimilem ad aures cantum et auditum refert.
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., III, 424, 9 : (Accius in Argonautis . . .
390-2,382-4); Non., 90, 6 (389).
397
Nonius, 467, 7 : ' Aucupavi,' activum positum pro pas-
sive . . . Accius Medea —
Ego me extollo in abietem, alte ex tuto prospectum
aucupo.
398-9
Nonius, 159, 5 : ' Pecua ' et ' pecuda ' ita ut pecora veteres
dixerunt ... —
. . . Vagant, pavore pecuda in tumulis deserunt.
Quis vos pascet postea ?
3®^ undanti infracto Par. Lugd. Vat. Amien. Bamh. Prise.
undantes veniant freto odd. Cic.
392 eruit Cic. vomit Prise. evehit Klotz erigit L
evomit Toup
3^3 citati W sic, ait ' inciti Mayor sicut inciti cdd.
pier. sic incitati Glogav. alii alia sicut lascivi Ribb.
(co/ii.o/u/i sic aut inciti) item alia multa crfc?. Cic. item
alto mulcta {et trih. Ace.) Ribb.
453
PLAYS
Unless it be the sea, which sets astir
Some havoc of the land ; or maybe Triton,
Outheaving utterly a cave, his trident
Set 'neath its roots Mdthin the billowing sea,
Delves up a rocky mass from deep to sky.
He doubts at first what this creature is which he sees, a
creature all unkno^\^l to him ; and when he has seen the young
warriors and has heard the sailors' song, says he —
Just as nimble charging dolphins
Do snort as they go rushing through the
waves . . .
and so on and so forth —
. . . carries to my ears and hearing
A song much like the Wood-God's tune.
397
Nonius : ' Aucupavi,' an active form put for the deponent
. . Accius in Medea —
Myself into a fir-tree I uplift
And from safe vantage-point I catch an outlook.
398-9
How the shepherds disperse in terror :
Nonius : ' Pecua ' and ' pecuda ' are terms used by the old
writers in the sense of ' pecora ' . . . —
They wander and in dread desert their flocks
Upon the hillocks. Who will pasture you
Hereafter ?
^'* quis vd qui nos cdd, a ! qui coni. Ribb. quis,
quis vos D. Heinsius
459
ACCIUS
400
Nonius, 323, 12: ' Tnmane ' rnrsum minime bonum, et
nocens ... —
lasoji
primo ex inmani victum ad mansuetum applicans.
401-2
Nonius, 422, 25 : ' Horridum ' plerumque extans et pro-
minens et erectura ... —
ut tristis turbinum
toleraret hiemes, mare cum horrerct fluctibus.
403
Nonius, 89, 5 : ' Causari,' causam dicere vel defendere.
Qui potis est refelli quisquam ubi nullust causandi
locus ?
404
Nonius, 16, 8 : ' Extispices ' proprie aruspices dicti sunt,
quod ' exta spiciant.' ... —
Principio extispicum ex prodigiis congruens ars te'
arguit.
405
Nonius, 16, 14 : ' Lactare ' est inducere vel mulgere, vellere,
decipere ... —
Medea
nisi ut astu ingenium lingua laudem et dictis lactem
lenibus.
*"'' primo Delrio prima cdd. primum Bothe
*°3 nullust Voss. nullus est cdd.
" Uncertain. Contrast R., 533. It may be that Medea
tries to induce Jason to consent to her plan by a show of good
omens at a sacrifice ; cf . lines 404-5.
460
PLAYS
400
Jason explains to the barbarians the progress of man :
Nonius: ' Immane ' (savage) again means far from good,
and hurtful ... —
Jason
First, in directing him from savage ways
Of life to cleave to gentle livelihood.
401-2
How man began to take to the sea :
Nonius : ' Horridum ' generally means a thing standing out
and prominent and erect ... —
So that he might endure the gloomy chills
Of hurricanes, when seas with billows bristled.
403
Jason and Medea are faced with pursuit ? : '^
Nonius : ' Causari,' to plead or defend a cause ... —
How can one be refuted when there is
No chance to plead one's cause?
404
Nonius : ' Extispices ' is the term properly used for ' haru •
spices,' because ' exta spiciunt ' . . . —
First then the science of the seers consistent
From marvels shown impeaches you.
405
Medea plans to trap Apsyrtus by treachery ? : *
Nonius: ' Lactare ' (dupe) means to lead on or coax,
' fleece,' cheat ... —
Medea
Unless it be
So that my tongue may flatter his conceit
Slyly, and dupe him with soft words.
* So I take it and compare Apoll. Rhod., IV, 415-16.
461
ACCIUS
406
Nonius, 307, 18 : ' Fcrus ' itorura equus ... —
perite in stabulo frenos inniittcus feris.
407
Nonius, 12, 4 : ' Exspes ' dieitur sine spe ... —
exul inter hostes expes expers desertus vagus.
ApoU. Rhod., IV, 381 s.
408
Nonius, 237, 43 : ' Aditus ' rursum adventus ... —
Apsyrtus
Tun dia Mede es, cuius aditum exspectans pervixi
usque adhuc ?
409
Nonius, 504, 3 : ' Lavere ' . . . —
Aeetes
. . . lavere salsis vultum laeruniis . . .
410
Nonius, 179, 25 : ' Tabificabile ' vel ' tabificum ' . . . —
Pernici orbificor liberorum leto ettabificabili.
^°^ Tun dia Mede's Ribb. Diomede tu Duentzer tun
die Medea es L. (Medea es Passerat) tunc die media es
Barth tun alia Mede's et Linds. tunc (turn LuA)
diomedes et cdd.
*^° pernici Gulielmua perneici Linds. parneci vel
pameti cdd.
462
PLAYS
406
Medea to Jason on her past benefits to him :
Nonius: Terus' (wild beast) again means a horse . . . — «
skilfully putting bridles to the beasts in the stalls.
407
Threat to Jason if he does not remain true to her :
Nonius : ' Exspes ' is a term used for without ' spes ' . . . —
An exile among enemies, hopeless, helpless,
A wanderer forsaken.
408
Meeting * of Medea and Apsyrtus :
Nonius : ' Aditus ' again means arrival ... — ■
Apsi/rtus
Are you then godlike Mede, for whose coming
I've lived in waiting to this day ?
409
Aeetes bewails the death of his son :
Nonius : ' Lavere ' . . . —
Aeetes
to bathe my face in salt tears
410
Nonius : ' Tabificabile ' or ' tabifieum ' . . . —
I am bereaved by swift pestiferous death
Of children.
" But in the example here quoted by Nonius, ' feris ' means
the fire-breathing bulls of Aeetes, as the legends about Medea
show.
* This seems to me to be the only likely context. Mede is
another form of Medea.
463
ACCIUS
411-12
Nonius, 361, 27: ' Proprium ' rursum significat perpet-
uum . . . (362, 5) —
Chorus
Fors dominatur,
neque vita ulli propria in vita est.
413
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 336, 18 : ' Turriin ' et ' turrem,' ab
hac ' turri ' et ' turre ' . . . —
apud vetustam turrem
MELANIPPUS
According to one tradition as handed down to us, Melanippus
was accidentally killed by his brother Tydeus, who was exiled
as a punishment by his father Oeneus. But there was another
Melanippus, son of Astacus of Thebes : — Tydeus, son of
Oeneus, slew the sons of Melas who had revolted against
Oeneus (Schol., ad Stat., Theh., I, 280, 402). Tydeus fled to
Adrastus at Argos, Avas purified there, married Adrastus'
daughter Deipyle, went against Thebes with the Seven, and
414
Nonius, 84, 31 : ' Cette ' significat dicite vel date, ab eo quod
cedo . . . Accius Melanippo —
Oeneum aliquis cette in conspectum, aut nos ubi est
ducite ad eum.
'•^- neque vita ulli cdd. n. quicquam u. Ribb. n. vis
u. Mr. propria cdd. proprium Ribb. invita [sc.
Forte) Bothe
464
Unplaced :
PLAYS
411-12
Nonius : ' Proprium ' (one's own ; lasting) again means
perpetual ... —
Chorus
Fortune's the mistress ; in this life no man
Can call his life his own.
413
Priscianus : ' Turrim,' ablative 'turri'; and ' turrem,'
ablative ' turre ' . . . —
at an ancient tower
MELANIPPUS
was wounded by Melanippus, who was killed (Apollod., I, 8,
5, etc.). While Tydeus was lying on the ground, Athena
brought him a remedy; but Amphiaraus, hating Tydeus, cut
off Melanippus' head and brought it to Tydeus, who ate the
brain and some of the flesh. Athena shuddered at this and
withheld the remedv, so that Tydeus died (Schol., ad Pind.,
Nem., X, 12; SchoL, ad II., V, 126; Apollod., Ill, 6, 8).
414
Oeneus has been dethroned by Agrius' sons, one of tohoiii
speaks :
Nonius : ' Cette ' means tell or give, derived from the word
' cedo ' . . . Accius in Melanippus —
Someone bring hither Oeneus to our gaze,
Or lead us where he is.
•*^^ ubi cdd. ubi ubi Grotius ad eum seclud.
Duentzer
465
VOL. II. H H
ACCIUS
415
Nonius, 233, 19 : ' Anima ' iterum significat iracundiam vel
f urorem ... —
Egone auxilio nudus temere ut hosti me animato
ofFeram ?
416
Festus, 186, 1 : ' Xoxa,' peccatum, aut pro peccato
poena ... —
tete esse huic noxae obnoxium.
417
Nonius, 15, 22 : ' Torrus ' dicitur fax ... —
. . . Regina, erit tempus cum hie torrus quem
amburi vides,
418
Nonius, 154, 13: ' Praescnte,' coram . . . —
Est res aliqua quam praesente his prius maturare
institit.
Cp. Non., 349, 3.
419
Nonius, 218, 32 : ' Permities ' . . . —
Paratus sum ubi vis petere pestem permiti.
^1^ nudua Lips mutus cmii. Linds. motus cdd.
*^'' {et in Jemm.) torrus cdd. sunt qui torris legunl el
varie vintanl locum sanum
*^» permiti Ribb. per nccem Bothe permitium Mer-
cier permities cdd.
" One might translate : ' at the mercy of this amercement.'
'' When Ocneus' son Meleager was seven days old, his
mother Althaea was told by the fates that the boy would
die when the piece of wood then on the hearth was burnt up.
Althaea put it out and kept it ; but burnt it when Meleager
466
PLAYS
415
Oeneus refuses to come ? :
Nonius : ' Anima ' again means anger or rage ... —
What, am I, stripped of aid, to expose myself
Thus thoughtlessly to a wrathful foe ?
416
Someone addresses Oeneus ? :
Festus : ' Xoxa,' an offence or a penalty for an offence
. . . that you should
Be punishable " by this punishment.
417
Oeneus ? on the -pollution brought on his house :
Nonius : ' Torrus ' is a term for torch ... —
Queen, there will be a time ^ when this brand
here,
Which, you now see, is burning up,
418
Tydeus j)lans to kill Agrius^ sons ; a conference : ^
Nonius : ' Praesente,' in the presence of . . . —
There is some matter which he formerly
Has set himself to bring unto fulfilment
With these men present.
419
Nonius : ' Permit ies' ... — •
Ready I am,
Where'er you will, to dog disastrous death.
had killed her brothers; and Meleager died (cp. the play
Meleager, pp. 476-7).
" This appears to be a possible context for the next frs.
467
HH 2
ACCIUS
420
Nonius, 521, 4 : ' Inbuere ' . . . maculare vel polluere vel
inficere ... —
Creditis me amici morte inbuturum manus ?
421
Varro, L.L., VII, 65 : ' Scruppedam.' Aurelius scribit ab
scauripeda . . . Valerius a pede ac scnipea . . . Acci posi-
tum ... in Melanippo ... —
Reicis abs te religionem ; scrupeani imponas tibi ?
422
Festus, 376, fin. : ' Ratus sum ' significat putavi, sed
alioqui pro firmo certo ponitur ratus et ratum ... —
Neque ratum est quod dicas, neque ea quae agitas
dicendi est locus.
423
Nonius, 485, 31 : ' Salti ' pro ' saltus ' . . . —
Nuntius
Hie Melanippum intra traiectus nemorum in salti
faucibus.
*2o crediti' me Linds. credisne Welcker credin
Usenet crediti me LuA Par. 7666 Bamb. credite m.
rdl. creditisne med amici m. i. m. olim Ribb.
*2i tibi a/ld. 0. Mr.
*22 ea add. Voss.
" A noun meaning a difficulty, from scrupeus, rough and
stony.
468
PLAYS
420
a friend of Agrius'' sons dissents ? :
Nonius : ' Inbuere ' ... to stain or pollute or taint . . .
Think you I'll stain my hands with a friend's blood ?
421
He is pressed by Tydeus ? :
Varro : ' Scruppeda,' ' shamble-footed.' Aurelius writes
that it is derived from ' scauripeda,' swollen-footed . . .
Valerius from ' pes ' and ' scrupea.' "... An example of
Accius occurs ... in Melanippus —
Religious qualm you cast from you ; would you
Upon your conscience ^ lay a stumbling-stone ?
422
Festus : ' Ratus sum ' means ' I thought,' but ' ratus ' and
' ratum ' (settled, sanctioned) are otherwise put for firm,
certain ... —
Your statement is not sanctioned, nor is there
Occasion for pronouncing these your pleas.
423
The death of Melanippus at Tydeus^ hands :
Nonius : ' Salti ' for ' saltus ' . . . —
Messenger
He found Melanippus on crossways in the woods,
in the jaws of a ravine.
^ I take it the speaker implies : — ' since you have disclaimed
any objection on the score of piety, what other scruple can
you have ? '
* See notice on pp. 464-5.
469
ACCIUS
424-5
Festus, 356, 4 : ' Rodus ' vel ' raudus ' significat rem rudem
et imperfectam; nam saxum quoque raudus appellant
poetae ... —
Constitit cognovit sensit, conlocat sese in locum
celsum ; hinc manibus rapere raudus saxeum grande
et grave.
426
Nonius, 234, 23 : ' Aptus ' significat adeptus ... —
Obviam ense it ; quern advorsum aptus alter in
promptu occupat.
427
Nonius, 500, 14 : ' Invidit ' illam rem pro illi rei . . . —
Oeneus
Undo aut quis mortalis florem liberum invidit meum ?
Cp. Cic, Tusc, Disp., Ill, 9, 20.
MELEAGER
Accius' model may have been Euripides' MeAe'aypos, but
the subject was a popular one amongst ancient playwrights.
Accius adopted the following form of the story; Oeneus, king
of Calydon in Aetolia offended Diana, who therefore caused a
huge boar to plague the realm. No one was brave enough to
face the beast, until Meleager the invulnerable, one of Oeneus'
sons, hunted and killed it with the help of other heroes and
also of Atalanta (daughter of lasus or lasius), who, according
to one version, inflicted the first wound. He gave to Atalanta
*'^ roudus cd., rccte ?
*-' ol)virtm ense Grotius o. ensi Mr, o})vium ensique
Buecheler obviam est Bothe <cum> obviamst Ribb.
obvia mens cM. it qucm Mr. (it Grotius) itque Bothe
adque Ribb. idque cdd.
470
PLx\YS
424-5
Festus : ' Rodus ' or ' raudus ' means a rude and unperfected
thing ; for even a stone is called ' raudus ' by the poets ... —
He stood, perceived, and recognised ; betook
And placed himself in a high place ; then seized
In hands a huge and heavy lump of rock.
426
Nonius : ' Aptus ' means the same as ' adeptus ' . . . —
Straight at him with his sword he rushed ; the other
Finding him face to face, in readiness
Met his attack.
427
Oeneus laments the fate of his sons :
Nonius : ' Invidit ' with the accusative instead of the dative
Oeneus
What mortal is he who has looked askance
At those fair flowers my children ? Whence comes
this }
MELEAGER
the boar's hide, of which two sons of Thestius (brother of
Meleager's mother Althaea) tried to rob her but were slain by
Meleager. It was fated that when a certain piece of firewood,
carefully preserved by his mother Althaea, had been burnt by
fire, Meleager would die. When ^Meleager killed two of her
brothers. Althaea burnt the wood, so causing Meleager to die,
and took her own life also (Apollod., I, 8, 2; Hj^gin., Fab.,
184; Ov., Met., VIII, 296 ff., 380 £f., 415 ff.,; Diodor., IV,
34).
quisnam florem 1. i. m.
nnde haec ? Quis Mr.
427
unde
aut
; quis
m.
Non.
Cic.
unde
quis non m
. Ribb,
meum Cic.
meam
Non.
471
ACCIUS
428
Nonius, 115, 1 : ' Grandire ' est grandem facere. . . . Ac-
cius Meleagro —
. . . friiges prohibet pergrandescere.
429
Nonius, 166, 16 : ' Ruspari ' est scrutari ... —
Cleopatra
Vagent ruspantes silvas, sectantes feras.
430
Nonius, 72, 1 : ' Ancillaiitur ' pro serviunt ... —
Atala?ita
quam invita ancillans dicto oboediens viri.
431-2
Nonius, 308, 6 : ' Frigit ' correpta prima syllaba significat
erigit ... —
Xuntius
Frigit fricatque corpus atrum occulte abstruso in
flumine.
Idem in eadem —
. . . frigit saetas rubore ex oculis fulgens flammeo.
*^^ ol)oediens cdd. oboedieris Mr.
•*^^ fricatque quidam ap. Voss. fricantem cdd. (frigan-
tem LuA frigantem coni. Linds.) atrum Voss.
actutum Tun. acula Ribb. {coni. olim acutum) acua
coni. Linds. acuum cdd. fortasse aculam abstruso
cdd. abstrusa Ribb. sfdad. occulte Rothe
432 frigit <aper> Ribb. saetas Buccheler aestas
odd.
" The next two frs., as Nonius clearly shows, come in
the order I have given them, and both come from the same
472
PLAYS
428
Prologue. Harm done to the realm of Calydon by the boar :
Nonius: 'Grandire' (make large) means to make grand.
. . . Accius in Meleager —
hinders the crops from sweUing large.
429
Cleopatra, Meleager's wife, held that men alone shopJd hunt :
Nonius : ' Ruspari ' means to search ... —
Cleopatra
Let them roam, search the woods in chase of the wild.
430
But Atalanta refuses to stay at home :
Nonius : ' Ancillantur ' for ' they serve ' . . . —
Atalanta
. . . than slaving it against my will,
To a man's call obedient.
431-2
The hunt. The boar is fouml bathing : "
Nonius : ' Frigit ' (perks) with the first syllable short, means
erects ... — ■
Messe?iger
He perks himself and rubs his body black
In secret in a hidden stream.
The same poet in the same play — -
He perks his bristles ; from his eyes he glares
A flaming red.
speech of a messenger, since line 432 is, I submit, most simply
taken as a septenarius with the first syllable missing; line 43l
may describe the boar before he is disturbed (cp. Ov., 21 et.,
Vlil, 285 ff.); line 432 describes him after this (Ov., Met.,
VIII, 334 fi.), or when he had been wounded.
473
ACCIUS
433-4
Nonius, 317, 14 : ' Herbam ' veteres palmam vel victoriam
dici volunt ... —
Gaudent currunt celebrant, herbam conferunt donant
tenent,
pro se quisque cum corona clarum conestat caput.
435
Nonius, 499, 7 : Dativus pro accusativo ... —
cuius exuvias et coronam huic muneravit virgini.
436-7
Nonius, 146, 36 : ' Incilare ' est increpare vel inprobare . . . —
Atalanta ?
Quis erit qui non me spernens incilans probris
sermone indecorans turpi fama differet }
438-9
Nonius, 470, 22 : ' Dignavi ' pro dignatus sum vel dignum
duxi ... —
Meleager
Remanet gloria
apud me ; exuvias dignavi Atalantae dare.
*^* conestat Mr. (cohonestat Ribb.) alii alia constat
Lu.G. conectat rdl.
438-9 septenar. ?
474
PLAYS
433-4
Homage paid to Meleager, who slew the boar :
Nonius : ' Herba.' The old wTiters would have it mean
palm or victory ... —
They cheer, they run, they throng him ; and the
Herb
They heap, bestow on him, catch hold of him :
Each for himself the hero's glorious head
With garland graces.
435
How Meleager decked Atalanta :
Nonius : The dative for the accusative ... —
Whose raw hide, and the garland too. as gifts
Bestowed he on this maiden.
436-7
Althaea's brothers tried to take the hide ; Atalanta protests :
Nonius : ' Incilare ' (cut with words, ciy down) means to
upbraid or rebuke ... —
Atalanta ?
Who will there be who ^vill not cry me down
By ill report, disgracing me ^\'ith shame
And scandal, scorning, jeering too with jibes }
438-9
Meleager will not retract his gift :
Nonius : ' Dignavi ' for * dignatus sum ' or ' I held to be
" dignus " ' . . . —
Meleager
Remains the glory on my side ; the hide
To Atalanta I have deigned to give.
475
ACCIUS
440
Nonius, 111, 21 : ' Facul ' pro faciliter ... —
Erat istuc virile, ferre advorsam fortunam facul.
441-2
Nonius, 38, 29 : ' Eliminare,' extra limen eicere . . .
(39, 6)—
Althaea
Timide eliminor
e clamore simul ac nota vox ad auris accidit.
Cp. Non., 292, 26.
443
Nonius, 502, 31 : ' Fervit ' pro ferret ... —
heu cor ira fervit caecum, amentia rapior ferorque !
444-5
Nonius, 15, 22 : ' Torrus ' dicitur fax ... —
eumpsum vitae finem ac fati internecionem fore
Meleagro ubi torrus esset interfectus flammeus.
446-7
Nonius, 483, 8 : ' Mansuetem ' et ' mansuem ' pro man-
suetum ut sit noniinati\^is mansues ... —
Nunc si me matrem mansues misericordia
capsit,
**^ timide {aut timidae) eliminor cdd. filer. 39, 292 timida
eliminor Ribb. timide liminor Lv.\, 39 tum et eliminor
G. 39
*'•- e cukl. Ribb. cum Bothe ac nota cdd. 39
agnota cdd. 292 atque Linds.
*** eumpsum vitae Linds. eum suae vitae C. F. W. Mr.
tum suae Voss. eum s. erf. 1470 eum suum vitae cdd.
fati cdd. fatis Buecheler aetatis L. Mr.
**5 ubi ille torrus Ribb. ubi ubi torrus L. Mr. ubi
torrus cdd. ubi torris valg.
476
PLAYS
440
He tells Althaea^ s brothers what manliness is ? :
Nonius : ' Facul ' for ' faciliter ' . . . —
That was a manly thing — to bear bad fortune
easily.
441-2
Bloody battle between Meleager and his uncles Plexippus and
Toxeus :
Nonius : ' Eliminare,' to cast outside the ' limen,' threshold
Althaea
AfFrightedly I put myself outdoors
Out of the clamour once the voice I knew
Did hit upon my ears.
443
She is gripped by a Fury ; she will slay her son :
Nonius : ' Fervit ' for ' fervet ' . . . —
Oh ! My blind heart seethes with anger !
By madness am I borne and hurried on !
444-5
She remembers the prophecy ^ of the Fates about Meleager :
Nonius : ' Torrus ' is a term for torch ... —
that, when the flaming torch
Should die out — that alone would be the end
Of life and destiny for Meleager,
His slaughter.
446-7
She resolves to put the brand into afire and so destroy Meleager :
Nonius : ' Mansuetem ' and ' mansuem ' for ' mansuetum,'
so that the nominative is ' mansues ' . . . —
But as things are, if mercy mild should take
Some hold of me his mother,
** On this see p. 466.
477
ACCIUS
448
Nonius, 184, 25 : ' Vastities ' et * vastitudo ' et ' vastitas,
horror et desertio et contagium ... —
Quae vastitudo haec aut unde invasit mihi ?
449
Nonius, 336, 29 : ' Levare ' etiam minuere. .
Cave lassitude populitum cursum levet,
450
Nonius, 482, 17 : ' Itiner ' dictum pro iter .
labore aut minuat itiner ingressum viae.
MINOS sivE MINOTAURUS
451
Prisciartus, ap. G.L., II, 196, 6 : Caprigenus, terrigenus,
taurigenus. . . . Accius in Minoe —
Ex taurigeno semine ortain fuisse an liuniano
feram ?
Cp. Macrob., S., VI, 5, 14 (Accius ... in Minotauro).
**^ j)opulitum Linds. poplitum cil. prmc. poplit cdd.
poplitum <tuum> Ribb.
*^" labore cdd. laborem Voss. ingressum cdd.
ingresso Voss. viae Voss. via cdd.
478
PLAYS
448
Meleager '^ feels the faintness of death coming on him ? :
Nonius : ' Vastities ' and ' vastitudo ' and ' vastitas,'
horror, desertion, infection ... —
What ravage this ? And whence has it assailed
me ?
Unplaced fragments :
449
Nonius : ' Levare ' also means to lessen ... —
Take care that weariness lessens not the running
of your knees,
450
Nonius : ' Itiner ' used as a form of ' iter ' . . . —
or shortens through the labour of the road the
journey you have set out upon.
MINOS OR THE iMINOTAUR*
451
The single fragment refers to the Minotaur :
Priscianus : ' Goatbred,' ' earthbred,' ' bullbred.' . . .
Accius in Minos —
From bullbegotten or from human seed,
Say men the wild beast sprang ?
" Or possibly Althaea feels her madness beginning.
* The single fr. may be spoken by Theseus.
*^^ ortam * * * * inisse H alb. Prise. hortam f uisse ^erw.
Prise. ortum Macroh. an humano feram Ribb.
earn an humano Lugd. Prise. an humano eam rell. cm.
feram Par. Prise, Macrob. a. h. cluam Bothe
479
ACCIUS
MYRMIDONES
This play was probably not the same as Achilles (see p. 326).
Aeschylus wrote a trilogy Mup/xtSo'ves (dealing with the wrath
of Achilles and ending with the death of Patroclus), NTypetSe?,
^pvyes rj "E/cropos Aurpa. Accius possibly followed the first
452-7
Nonius, 432, 31 : ' Pervicacia ' et ' pertinacia ' hoc distant :
pervicacia est interdum bonarum rerum perseverantia, per-
tinacia semper malarum. Accius Myrmidonibus —
Achilles
Tu pertinaciam esse, Antiloche, banc praedicas,
ego pervicaciam aio et ea me uti volo ;
nam pervicacem dici me esse et vincere
perfacile patior, pertinacem nihil moror. 455
Haec fortis sequitur, illam indocti possident.
Tu addis quod vitio est, demis quod laudi datur.
458-60
Nonius, 109, 28 : ' Fidelitatem,' id est fidem ... —
Nolo equidem ; sed tu luiic, (piem scis quali in te siet
fidelitate, ob fidam naturam viri
ignosce.
461
Nonius, 120, 28 : ' Honestitudo ' pro honestas ... —
Tua honestitudo Danaos decepit diu.
Non., 432 : ordmat Bothe {proh. Ribb.) 452-3, 456-7,
454-5
*" et ea me Fniter et hac me S. et a me cdd.
seclud. et L
**^ decepit Delrio decipit cdd.
480
PLAYS
THE MYRMIDONS
of these three plays, which had a chorus of Achilles'
warriors. All the fragments deal with the reconciliation of
Achilles (cf. R., 349 &.), but it is not possible to jS.x their
right order.
452-7
Before the coming of the embassy :
Nonius : ' Pervicacia ' and ' pertinacia ' differ in this, that
' pervicacia ' is Sometimes used for perseverance in actions
which are good; ' pertinacia ' is always used for perseverance
in bad. Accius in The Myrmidons —
Achilles
Now you, Antilochus, proclaim that this
Is stubbornness ; I say it is steadfastness,
And that is what I wish to exercise ;
To win and be called steadfast — that I suffer
Most readily ; but stubborn to be called —
I care not for it." Steadfastness attends
The brave ; the other to the untaught belongs.
You lay on nie the thing that brings a blemish,
Rob me of what men class with approbation.
458-60
An attempt to mollify Achilles ? :
Nonius : ' Fidelitatem,' that is, ' fidem ' . . . —
I do not wish it, no. But pardon him
By virtue of his trusty heart ; you know
What trustiness is his towards yourself.
461
Nonius : ' Honestitudo ' for ' honestas ' . . . —
Your honourableness has duped the Danai long.
<* Or ' but I care not for a stubborn man.'
481
VOL. II. I I
ACCIUS
462
Nonius, 396, 32 : ' SufFerre ' est sustinere ... —
Ego me non pecasse plane ostendani aut poenas
sufFeram.
463-4
Horn., //., IX, 358 5.
Nonius, 233, 41 : ' Anima,' ventus ... —
trahere in salum
classis et vela ventorum animae immittere.
465
Nonius, 501, 34 : Accusal iviis pro genet ivo ... —
mea facta in acie obliti.
466-7
Nonius, 137, 29 : ' Maestaret ' pro maei'entem faceret ... —
Quod si ut decuit stares mecum aut meus maestaret
dolor
iam diu inflammari Atridae naves vidissent suas.
468
Nonius, 261, 26: ' Cernere ' rursum succedere, unde et
cernere hereditatem filii, id est succedere patribus, dicti
sunt ... —
Agamemyion
Regnum tibi permitti malunt ? Cerne. An tradam
exercitus }
463-4 trahere i. s. | c. Grotius (classis lun.) classes t. i. s. S
classis in salum trahere et v. v. a. i. Usener habenas
ventorum Buecheler classis t. i. s. et v. vent. a. i. coni.
lun. lassis trahere in salum et v. v. a. i. cdd.
^** quod si Fruter. quod sic cdd. fortasse quod sei
408 cerne. An tradam exercitus ? Linds. cernant Mer-
cier cernas tradam Mr. cernam tradam cdd. (tradunt Lu.)
482
PLAYS
462
Nonius : ' Sufferre ' (undergo) means to sustain . . .
Myself will plainly show I did no wrong,
Or else I'll undergo the penalty.
463-4
His desire to go home :
Nonius : ' Anima,' wind ... —
Into the brine ^ to launch the fleets and let
The sails into the winds' breath.
465
His resentment :
Nonius : The accusative for the genitive ... —
Forgetting the deeds I did in battle-line.
466-7
He regrets that Ajax does not side with him :
Nonius : ' Maestaret ' for ' maerentem faceret ' . . . —
But if, as was becoming, you had stood
On my side, or if sorrow shown by me
Had saddened you, then long ago the sons
Of Atreus would have seen their ships ablaze.
468
Agamemnon in face of a revolt :
Nonius : ' Cernere ' again means ' succedere,' to succeed.
^^'hence sons were said ' cernere ' an inheritance, that is to
succeed their fathers ... —
Aga7ne?nnon
Prefer they to entrust command to you ?
Accept the inheritance ; will I surrender
The armies ?
*» The Romans derived salum from sal, wrongly,
ii2
483
ACCIUS
469
Horn., IL, IX, 496-7 {Phom. loqu.) vel225-G{Ulix. loqu.).
Nonius, 262, 5 : ' Confidentia ' rursum tcraeritas,
audacia ... —
Irani infrenes, obstes animis, reprimas confidentiam.
NEOPTOLEMUS
The plot probably ran as follows. After the death of
Achilles, Neoptolemus' mother Dcidameia and his grandfather
Lycomedes, who dwelt in Scyros, determined not to allow
Neoptolemus to leave them. 8o he was put in charge of cattle
and goats on the island. But he chafed at his employment.
Phoenix landed in search of him, because without him the
Greeks were unable to take Troy. Phoenix found him among
the flocks, recognised him from his noble looks, and told him
how matters stood. Neoptolemus with alacrity took the arms
470
Nonius, 505, 4 : ' .Sonere ' . . . Accius Neoptolemo —
atque adeo valvas sonere sensi regias.
471
Festus, 548, 19 : ' Taenias ' Graecam vocem sic inter-
pretatur Verrius ut dicat ornamentum esse laneum capitis
honorati ... —
decorare est satius quam verbena et taeniis.
472
Nonius, 73, 16 : ' Acrimonia ' est animi vivacitas ... —
vim ferociam animum atrocitatem iram acrimoniam
*'2 animum cdd. animi Bothe
" That this fr. comes after 468 is suggested by the order
in which Nonius quotes them.
* Cf. R., 404. Possibly from a dialogue between Phoenix
and Neoptolemus.
PLAYS
469
An effort to mollify Achilles ? : "■
Nonius : ' Confidentia ' again means rashness, boldness ... —
Bridle your wrath, stand up and face your passions,
Restrain your self-assurance.
NEOPTOLEMUS
which Phoenix offered. Deidameia and Lycomedes learnt of
the coming of Phoenix, and their objections were overcome
with difficulty. Xeoptolemus departed with Lycomedes'
blessing. The story, however, was varied, and Neoptolemus
was, according to some versions, fetched not by Phoenix
but by Ulysses or Diomedes or both (cf. Philostrat., Imag.,
Ill flf.; Quint. SmjTn., VII, 169 tf.; Hom., Od., XI, .505 ff.)
Scene : Before Lycomedes' palace. The context of nearly all
the fragments is more than doubtful. R., 402 ff .
470
Nonius : ' Sonere ' . . . Accius in Neoptolemus —
I surely heard the royal doors resound.
471
The ambassadors state their case ; Neoptolemus should don a
helmet ? : *
Festus ; ' Taeniae.' A Greek word which Verrius explains
by saying that it is a woollen adornment for an honoured
head ... —
It's better thus to decorate his head
Than with the hallowed foliage and ribbons.
472
On the passions of war ? :
Nonius : ' Acrimonia ' is a liveliness of the mind ... —
Ferocity, violence, wrath and cruelty.
Anger and spite '^
" Nonius takes acrimonia as a liveliness of mind, but it
clearly carries a sense of ill-will. Cp. the next fr.
485
ACCIUS
473
Festus, 540, 10 : ' Tolerare,' patienter ferre ... —
Haut quisquam potis est tolerare acritudinem.
474
Nonius, 423, 27 : ' Pudet ' et ' piget.' . . . —
Neoptolemus
Dolet pudetque Graiium me et vero piget.
475
Nonius, 257, 53 : ' Callet ' significat scit ... —
Satin astu et fallendo callet ?
476
Nonius, 281, 1 : ' Dignatus ' significat dignus habitus ... —
Dei da mi a
Sed quem mihi iungent ? Cui, quae cum illo fuerim.
dignabor dari ?
477-8
Nonius, 501, 3 : Genetivus pro dativo . . . —
Quid si ex Graecia
omni illius par nemo reperiri potest ?
*^^ \iti\xt Aug list in. aut cd. [rede ?)
*'* Graium Fruter. gravium cdd.
*^8 omniMercier omneiLinds. omne cdd. illius
Mercier ilium Voss. ilium cdd.
486
PLAYS
473
Festus : ' Tolerare,' to bear patiently ... —
Not any man is able to endure despite.
474
Neoptolemus is ashamed :
Nonius : ' Pudet ' and ' piget.' ... —
Neoptolemus
Sorrow and shame I feel towards the Greeks ;
Indeed I likewise feel regret.
475
The cunning ivays of Ulysses ? :
Nonius : ' Callet ' (is thick-skinned, hardened) means knows
Is he not hardened
Enough in cunning and in trickery ?
476
Deidameia dreads loneliness if Neoptolemus goes away : she
thinks of her past union with Achilles :
Nonius : ' Dignatus ' means held worthy ... —
Deidameia
But whom will they unite to me ? To whom
Shall I deign to be given — who have lived
With him ? «
477-8
The claims of the Greeks :
Nonius : The genitive for the dative ... —
What if from all Greece no one can be found
An equal to him ?
" sc. Achilles. In this fr. dignabor is deponent, not passive ?
487
ACCIUS
479
Nonius, 203, 9 : ' Error ' . . . feminini ... —
Satis iam dictum est, neque ego errantia animi prave
morigerabor.
480
Nonius, 493, 12 : ' Acritas ' . . . —
. . . veritatis vis atque acritas
Cp. Cell., XIII, 3.
481
Nonius, 469, 19 : ' Adscnsit ' . . . —
Ubi nihil contra rationem aequam habuit, adsensit
silens.
482
Nonius, 341, 35 : ' Mactare ' est magis augere . . . Accius
Neoptolemo —
Phoenix
. . . ita ut dixi, macte his armis, macte virtutei
patris !
NYCTEGRESIA
The model is unknown, but the theme is the same as that of
the ' Doloneia ' of Iliad, X ; it dealt with the expedition which
Diomedes and Ulysses took by night, the capture of Dolon,
*'^ errantia Flor. 3 errantiae LiiG.
480 veritatis vis Voss. vis veritatis cdd.
*^'- Neoptolemo ita ut lun. tempta ut Buecheler eia
ut Quich. tun Ulixe Mr. praemia | porta Ulixi Ribb.
[Rom. Trag., 406) tu uti Ribb. {Trag. Fragm. uti Voss.)
optolempota ut dixi Gen. Bamb. 83 EscoriaL, 1 opeolempota
u. d. Ln.G.
488
PLAYS
479
Phoenix {?) threatens to end the discussion :
Nonius : ' Error ' ... of the feminine gender ... —
Enough is said already ; I will not
Wickedly pander to you like a stray-\\it.
480
He wins his point at last
Nonius : ' Acritas ' . . . — ■
the might and keenness of truth
481
Nonius : ' Adsensit ' . . . —
When he
Had nought to say against fair reasoning,
He gave assent without a word.
482
Phoenix gives to Xeoptolemus the arms of his father Achilles : "
Nonius : ' Mactare ' is the same as ' magis augere ' . . .
Accius in Neoptolemus —
Phoenix ?
Even as I have said — honour to you in these
weapons I Honour in your father's bravery !
THE NIGHT-ALARM^
and perhaps also the massacre of Rhesus and his companions.
Cf. R., 362 flf. Scene : The Greek camp and the battlefields
at Trov.
" R., Trag. Fragm., CoroUar., LX.
* On the title, cf. Paulus (ex F.), 55, 4: "'Egretus' and
' adgretus ' are derived from the Greek and take their meaning
' a surgendo et proflciscendo.' Hence ' nyctegresia ' means
as it were ' noctisurgium.'"
489
ACCIUS
483
Horn., 11., X, 15.
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., Ill, 2G, 62 : Ex hac opinione sunt ilia
varia et detestabilia genera lugendi . . . hinc ille Agamemno
Homericus et idem Accianus —
scindens dolor e identidem intonsam comam.
484
//., X, 17 s., 137 s.
Nonius, 502, 31 : ' Fervit ' pro fervet . . . Accius Nycte-
gresia —
Classis aditu fervit.
485
//., X, 204 s.? [Nestor loqu.)
Nonius, 483, 40 : ' Tumulti ' pro tumultus ... —
Cuius vos tumulti causa accierim et quid parem
animum advortite.
486
IL, X, 207-210 ?
Nonius, 227, 21 : ' Textus ' . . . Neutri . . . Accius
Nyctegresia ... —
Nestor
. . . Ascendit oras laterum texta Vulcani vorax.
*^3 trih. ' Nyctegres.'' Duentzer
*** classis aditu fervit W classis occluditur vel aditu
vestro coni. Linds. alii alia classis adidcladitur aid.
pier, (adit clauditur Lu. adit ocladitur 6'.)
4 86 Xyctegresia ascendit Linds. scandit Canterus
iamiam ascendit Bothe nyctegresias scendit L«. nycte-
gresi ascendit G. scindit cdd. rec. oras Ribb. aura
Palmer (Spic.) ira Canterus horum Bothe flora
S hora cdd. scandit o. 1. t., <flamma> V. v. Ribb.
490
PLAYS
483
From the prologue ; Agamemnon rends his hair :
Cicero : As a result of this idea come the various detestable
ways of expressing grief . . . hence your Agamemnon in
Homer and also in Accius —
Tearing in grief again and yet again
His unshorn hair.
484
Nestor rouses the chiefs : <*
Nonius : ' Fervit ' for ' fervet ' . . . Accius in The Night-
Alarm —
The fleet at his approach with bustle seethes.
485
The chiefs meet by night on the battlefield : *
Nonius : ' Tumulti ' for ' tumultus ' . . . —
Turn you your minds to hear
By reason of what tumult I have called
You hither, and what plans I do prepare.
486
Nestor fears that the Trojans may set fire to the ships ? : '
Nonius : ' Textus ' . . . Neuter . . . Accius in The Night-
Alarm — •
Vulcan's devouring flame climbs up the cables.
The woodwork of our vessels' sides.
" This seems to be the best context. In the quotation by
Nonius, claditur (or ocladitur) seems to me to have been
produced by dittography in the archetype and so we can
recover only classis aditii fervit.
* Spoken by Agamemnon or possibly by Nestor.
" The reference is obvious, but how the fr. can fit into this
play it is hard to see. Cf. R., 367-8. I compare //., X, 207-
210 (Nestor speaks).
491
ACCIUS
487
Nonius, 315, 19 : ' Grave,' solidum etfirmum. Accius . . . —
Aga7ne}?mo?i
Id quod facis gratum et grave est.
488
IL, X, 243-5.
Nonius, 499, 29 : Accusativus pro genetivo . . . (500,
5) . . .-
Diomedes
An ego Ulixem obliscar umquam aut quemquam
praeponi velim ?
489
//., X, 278 s., 284 s.
Nonius, 166, 16 : ' Ruspari ' est scrutari. ... —
lube nunc adtemptare, iube nunc animo ruspari
Phrygas.
490
IL, X, 341 ,s. ?
Nonius, 396, 37 : ' Sufferre' significat dedere vel suppo-
nere ... —
Ulirts
Aut ego ilium eripiara aut illi poenas sufferam.
*8* iube . . . iube ed. 1526 iuva . . . iuva Gebhard
lubet . . . lubet Mercier iuben . . . iuben Mr. iuve
. . . iuve cdil. prob. Ribb. animo cdd. anime Ribb.
"o ilium Bern. 83 illi relL illim Ribb. alii alia
poena sufferam cdd. poenas Mercier sufferar Mr.
492
PLAYS
487
Diomedes volunteers, and is thanked by Agamemnon :
Nonius : ' Grave ' (weighty), solid and firm ... —
Agamemnon
That wliich you do is a weighty and a grateful act.
488
Diomedes chooses Ulysses as his companion :
Nonius : The accusative for the genitive ... —
Diomedes
Could I forget Ulysses any time,
Or wish that any man be put before him ?
489
Nonius : ' Ruspari ' means to search out ... —
. . . Command me now to assail, command me
To spy out heartily the Phrygians.
490
The two heroes in ' no -man' s -land ' see Dolon, the Trojan spy.
Ulysses whispers to Diomedes : "
Nonius : ' Sufierre ' means to give up, or to put under ... —
Ulysses
I'll either haul him out or undergo
Penalty at his hands.
" So I take it and compare II., X, 341 fiE.
493
ACCIUS
491
Horn., //.,X, 413 fcp. 427).
Nonius, 505, 16 : ' Expedibo ' pro expediam ... —
Dolo
Cuncta expedibo ; id modo ius iurandum date.
492
Nonius, 485, 33 : ' Lucti ' pro luctus ... —
Tunc quod superest socium mittis leto ? An lucti
paenitet ?
493
Nonius, 366, 29 : ' Levare ' etiam minuere ... —
Illos suapte induxit virtus, tu laudem illorum levas.
OENOMAUS
According to Hyginus, Fab., 84, Oenomaus, a son of Mars
and Asterope, and husband of Euarete, a daughter of Acrisius,
was afraid to give his lovely daughter Hippodamia in marriage
because an oracle had said that he must beware of death at the
hands of a son-in-law. Many wooed her, and so he ordained
that whoever should defeat him in a chariot race should wed
her; the loser would be put to death. Oenomaus gave each
competitor a start, sacrificed a ram, and then mounted his
chariot with Myrtilus his charioteer, and speared the wooer
when he came up with him (Diodor. Sic, IV, 73; Schol., ad
Pind. 01., I, 14). Oenomaus had horses which were swifter
than the north wind, and many a man lost the race and his life ;
**^ tunc quod cdd. tun {vel turn) q. Voss. turn quid
ed. 1480 mittis vel mitti Voss. mittes Bothe
494
PLAYS
491
Dolon is captured. He will answer all questions if his life is
spared :
Nonius : ' Expedibo ' for ' expediam ' . . . — •
Dolo7i
All I will unfold;
Do you but grant me this sworn oath.
Unplaced :
492
Nonius : ' Lucti ' for ' luctus ' . . . —
As for the rest, do you then send your comrade ^
To death ? Are you now sorry for your grief?
493
Nonius : ' Levare ' (diminish, impair) also means to
lessen. ... —
Them their own valour did lead on ; but you
Their good report impair.
OENOMAUS
but at last Pelops, a son of Tantalus, came and saw over the doors
the human heads of all who had tried to win the maid. Angry
at Oenomaus' cruelty, he promised to give half the kingdom to
Oenomaus' charioteer ^lyrtilus if he would help in a plot.
Myrtilus consented and prepared a chariot which had no linch-
pins in the naves of the wheels. The result was that Oenomaus'
chariot was wrecked. Pelops came home with Hippodamia
and Myrtilus, but broke faith with Myrtilus and threw him
into the sea. As he sank, Myrtilus cursed Pelops and all his
race. Such was the plot of the play 'Oivofiaos of Sophocles
followed by Accius. Scene : Pisa. Cf. R., 431 ff.
" Or * Do you then send what remains of your
comrades . . . '
495
ACCIUS
494
Nonius, 469, 3 : * Auguro.' Accius Oenomao —
Oenomaus
atqiie ea coniectura auguro.
495-6
Nonius, 485, 3 : ' Iteris ' positum pro itineris ... —
(A) Praesto etiam adsum.
(B) Exprome quid fcrs, nam te e longo vadere
itere cerno.
497
Nonius, 482, 17 : Mtiner ' dictum pro iter ... — ■
Pelops
coniugium Pisis petere, ad te itiner tendere.
498
Nonius, 15, 20 : ' Grummus ' dicitur agger ... —
Quemcumque institeram grummum aut praecisum
iugum,
499
Nonius, 120, 28 : ' Honestitudo ' pro honcstas ... —
Horrida honestitudo Europae principum primo ex
loco
495-6 iq q longo V. I i. c. W t. e. I. i. Mr. t. ]. ego i.
coni. Linds. longo itere cerno vadere cdd. Jortasse
p. e. a. exprome <tu> ] quid fers e. q. s. {senar.)
*" Pisis Delrio tisis cdd.
^^^ principum Voss. principium cdd.
496
PLAYS
494
Oenomaus on the oracle that he must beware of a son-in-law :
Nonius : ' Auguro.' Accius in Oenomaus —
Oenomaus
And that is what by surmise I foretell.
495-6
Coming of Pelops ? :
Xonius : ' Iteris ' put for ' itineris ' . . . —
(A) Here even now am I at hand.
(B) Out with
Your message ; for I see that you do come
After a long journev.
497
Pelops explains his ambition :
Xonius : ' Itiner ' used for ' iter ' . . . —
Pelops
Marriage to seek at Pisa, and to you
Direct my journey.
498
He describes his journey ? :
Nonius : ' Grummu 'is a word used for mound . . .
Whatever hillock or sheer mountain-chain
I had set foot on,
499
Pelops{?) is aghast as he sees the rotting heads :
Nonius : ' Honestitudo ' for ' honestas ' . . . —
The fearful fealty of Europe's chieftains "
From foremost rank
" Or possibly ' The bristling row of valiant heads of Europe's
chieftains . , . But principium may be right, and the
fr. would then refer to Europa who was carried off by
Zeus — ' Europa' s rough chastity, the first cause in the first
place,' whatever that may mean.
497
VOL. II. K K
ACCIUS
500
Nonius, 230, 35 : ' Usus ' . . . feniinino ... —
Oeiiomaus
atque hanc postremam solis usuram cape !
501-4
Nonius, 357, 12: ' Obscenum ' significat et male dictum
Vos ite actutum atque opere raagno edicite
per urbem ut omnes, qui arcem Alpheumque accolunt,
cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant
faventiam, ore obscena dictu segregent.
Cp. Non., 206, 2.
505-6
Festus, 178, 6 : ' Numero ' nimium cito, celeriter nimium
Pelops
Ego ut essem adfinis tibi, non ut te extinguerem
tuam petii gnatam ; numero te expugnat timor.
Cp. Non., 352, 17.
^•"^ postremum Bergk postremo cdd.
^°2 arcem Bentin. arcem hanc Voss. arcana cdd.
Alpheumque (Alfeumque) Kiessling astuqueT asteum-
que cdd.
*"* dictu E.scoriaJ. 1 dicti Lu.\ Gen. Bern. 83 dicta G.
dictu ut A. Lang dictis cdd. 206
498
PLAYS
500
All is ready for a race. Oenomaus to Pelops :
Nonius : ' Usus ' ... in a feminine form ... —
Oenomaus
And take your last enjoyment of the sun!
501-4
Oenomaus makes ready according to his custom :
Nonius : ' Obscenum ' means also evil-spoken ... —
Now go you all at once ; with great dispatch
Proclaim throughout the town that all its people,
Who dwell near to the stronghold and the Alpheus,
Must bring a solemn and propitious silence
To attend propitious omens, and dispart
Words of ill-boding import from their tongues.
505-6
Pelops has vjon the race. He addresses Oenomaus :
Festus : ' Numero ' means very swiftly, very quickly ... —
Pelops
To be your kinsman, not your murderer —
That's why I sought your daughter; in too
full number
Dread takes your heart by storm.
^"® expugnat timor 0. Mr. expurgat t. cd. Fest. ex-
purgasti Non.
499
KK 2
ACCIUS
507-8
Nonius, 73, 22 : * Angustitatem ' . . . —
Saxum id facit angustitatem, et sub eo saxo exu-
berans
scatebra fluviae radit rupem.
509-12
Nonius, 395, 11: ' Segetem ' etiam ipsam terram dici-
mus ... —
Forte ante auroram, radiorum ardentum indicem,
cum somno in segetem agrestis cornutos cient,
ut rorulentas terras ferro fumidas
proscindant glebasque arvo ex molli exsuscitent,
PELOPIDAE
Nothing is known of the plot of this play (of. 11., 457 ff.).
but it would concern the murder of Pelops' favourite son
Chrysippus (see the play Chrysippus, p. 402 ff.) ; Pelops' other
^^" cum somno cdd. cum e somno Lips
^^^ fumidas Ribb. rosidas Lips, y rufulas Bathe
uvidas T diffidas vd dividas Bucchelcr fcrvido Bergk
{aWoivi aihripoj Horn., 11. , IV, 485 cd.; Od., I, 184; Soph., Ai.,
147) fidas cdd.
^^2 exsuscitent Frutcr. cxcitent cdd.
500
PLAYS
507-8
Pelops ? on envy : "
Nonius : ' Angiistitatem ' . . . —
That stone forms
A narrow slit, and under that same stone
The gushing and the spouting of the water
Wears down the rock.
509-12
Unplaced fragment {probably early in the play) :
Nonius : ' Segetem.' We use the term even for the land
itself . . .—
. . . By chance before the daybreak,
Which points to the coming of the burning rays,
When peasants rouse the horned kine from sleep
To drive them to the cornfield, that they may
Cleave with the share the steaming dewy ground,
And from the fallow soft stir up the clods,
PELOPS' SONS
sons were proved guilty or suspected of having done the
murder, and were banished from Pisa and dispersed over the
Peloponnese.
" There is probably an allusion to this passage or context
by Cicero in ad Fam., IX, 16, 4, where he mentions the
' famous simile ' of Accius in Oenomaus, and speaks of applying
it ' not to envy but to fortune, which I think is a paltry and
feeble thing and ought to be broken by a firm and staunch
mind like a wave upon a rock.' In this passage of Cicero,
fluctum a saxo frangi might be taken as a quotation from this
context, but in Nonius it is the rock which breaks.
ACCIUS
513
Gellius, II, 6, 23 : ' Squalere ' . . . dictum a squamarum
crebritatc asperitatcquc. . . . Accius in Pelopidis ... —
eius serpentis squamae squalido auro et purpura
pertextae
Cp. Macrob., S., VI, 7, 18; Non., 452, 27.
514
Martianus Capella, III, 272 : Complexiva coniunctio est que,
ve expletiva, ut . . .
stimulove meum cor.
apud Accium in Pelopidis.
515
Nonius, 132, 29 : ' Laetare ' et ' laetiscere,' laetificare . . . —
et te ut triplici laetarem bono.
516-17
Nonius, 174, 11 : ' Satu ' positura pro semine ... —
nam med ut credam ex tuo esse conceptum satu
tua argumenta redigunt animum et conmovent.
518
Nonius, 485, 33 : ' Lucti ' pro luctus ... —
Cesso hinc ire et capere lucti vestem in leto coniugis ?
519
Serv. auct., ad Verg., Aen., V, 40 : ' Gratatur.' Quidam
gratatur non gratulatur sed laetatur accipiunt ... —
nec tibi me in hac re gratari decet.
*" pertextae Gell. textae N&n.
^^* med Mercier me cd<I.
^^' tua coni. Buechelcr mihi olim Ribb. tot Voss.
multa vel sat Bothe ut cdd.
^^' capere Mr. rapere cdd. (lavere Roth) lapere
cdd.
502
PLAYS
513
Gellius : ' Squalere ' ... is a term derived from dense
quantity and roughness of ' squamae.' . . . Accius in Pelojpa'
Sons ... —
. . . That serpent's scales
With scaly gold and purple interwoven
514
Martianus : ' Que ' is a copulative conjunction ; ' ve ' . . .
is disjunctive,'^ for example ... in a passage of Accius, in
Pelops' Sons —
or I goad mv heart.
515
Xonius : ' Laetare ' and ' laetiseere,' to make ' laetus '
and that you I might gladden with a threefold
blessing.
516-17
Nonius : ' Satu ' (sowing) put for seed ... —
. . . for your proofs stir my mind
And bring me to believe that I am a man
Conceived from your own sowing.
518
Xonius : ' Lucti ' for ' luctus ' . . . —
Why do I dally to go hence and take
In my wife's death a garb of mourning?
519
Servius supplemented, on ' gratatur ' in Virgil : Some take
' gratatur ' not in the sense of ' wishes joy to,' but ' delights
in ' . . . — •
Nor is it fit I should be pleased with you
In this.
" The right word is disiunctiva ; expletivae was the term
used of words such as autem, equidem.
ACCIUS
PERSIDAE
520-1
Priscianus, ap. G.L., III, 423, 35 : Nee solum comieihuius-
ce modi sunt usi iambis, sed etiam tragici vetustissimi, ut
. . . (424, 9) Accius . . . (16) in Persidis—
Satin ut, quem cuique tribuit fortuna ordinem,
numquam iilla humilitas ingenium infirmat bonum ?
PHILOCTETA
SIVE
PHILOCTETA LEMNIUS
When Philoetetes was bitten in the foot by a snake, he was
exposed, at Agamemnon's orders, on Lemnos, because of his
groans and the smell from his sore. He had with him the
magic arrows of Hercules and was tended bj' Iphimachus, a
royal shepherd, Agamemnon, learning that Troy could not
be taken without those arrows, sent Ulysses and Diomedes to
522-6
Apuleius, de Deo Socr., 24 : Accius Ulixen laudavit in
Philocteta suo in eius tragoediae principio —
Chorus
Inclute parva prodite patria,
nomine celebri claroque potens
pectore, Achivis classibus auctor,
gravis Dardaniis gentibiis ultor, 525
Laertiade ;
novissime patrem memorat.
Cp. ]\Iar. Victorin., ap. O.L., VI, 77, 4; Atil. Fortunat.
(Caes. Bass.), ap. 267, 22; Charis., ap. I, 290, 1.
^^^ prodite Apulei., pdite cdd. Charis. praedite Victorin,.,
Fortunat.
*^* auctor Apulei., Victor. ductor Sarisb.
5<=>4
PLAYS
PERSEUS' SONS«
520-1
Priscianus : And not only did the comic poets use iambics
of this sort, but the oldest tragic writers also ; for example . . .
Accius ... in Perseus'' Sons — •
Is it enough that whatsoever rank
Is granted unto any man by fortune.
Not any humble state at any time
Enfeebles a righteous heart ?
PHILOCTETES
OR
PHILOCTETES ON LEMNOS
Philoctetes to reconcile him. This they succeeded in doing.
^Yhen Philoctetes reached Troy, he was cured by Machaon.
This play of Accius was in part at least based on Aeschylus
(see p. 507). The chorus was apparently composed of com-
panions of Ulysses and Diomedes.
522-6
Opening of the play. Chorus to Ulysses on his landing on
Lemnos :
Apuleius : Accius praised Ulysses in his Philoctetes, in the
beginning of that tragedy —
Chorus
O man renowned, brought forth by a little land,
master of a famous name and strong in honoured
heart, to the Achaean fleets a supporter,^ to the clans
of Dardanus a stern punisher, son of Laertes ;
He mentions the father last.
" Possibly to be identified with the play Amphitruo (see
pp. 340 ff.); R., 557.
* I retain audor. Ulysses was famed for his knowledge
of seamanship and brought twelve ships to Troy. But
dassibus may mean ' army,' ' hosts.'
ACCIUS
527-40
Varro, L.L., VII, II : Loca quaedam agrestia, quae ali-
cuius dei sunt, dicuntur tesca. Nam apud Accium in Philoc-
teta Lemnio . . . (fr. 557) loca enim quae sint designat cum
dicit —
Lemnia praesto
litora rara et celsa Cabirum
delubra tenes, mysteria quae
pristina castis concepta sacris, 530
Cicero, de Nat. Deor., I, 42, 119 : Praetereo Samothraciam
eaque quae Lemni —
nocturno aditu occulta coluntur
silvestribus saepibus densa.
Quibus explicatis ad rationemque revocatis rerum magis
natura cognoscitur quam deorum.
Varro, I.e. Dein —
Volcania iam templa sub ipsis
collibus in quos delatus locos
dicitur alto ab limine caeli . . . 535
et—
nemus expirante vapore vides,
unde ignis cluet mortalibus clam
divisus ;
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 10, 23 : Veniat Aeschylus, non poeta
solum, sed etiam Pythagoreus; sic enim accepimus. Quo
627-8 Lemnia praesto littora rara Aug. p. 1. iamiam vel
p. 1. rava Hermann clara Bergk grata Buecheler
prest {vel. sim.) olitor a rarat Laur.
629 tenes cdd. tuis Bergk
533-8 ^(ij.^ temptant docti
633 Volcania iam Ribb. Volcani iam Buecheler et
Volcania S dein V. Hermann Volcania vel Volgania
cdd.
"5 limine t'w/j/. InminecYW.
506
PLAYS
527-40
Varro : Certain country-places which belong to some god
are called ' tesca ' (wild places). For in a passage of Accius,
in Philoctetes on Lenmos, we have . . . (see 1. 557). And he
defines what sort of places are ' tesca ' when he w^rites —
Here are the scanty " shores of Lemnos ; and you
abide in the lofty shrines of the Cabiri, mysteries
which, born of old in guiltless ceremonies,
Cicero : I say nothing of Samothrace and the things which
at Lemnos — *
hidden and set thick with woodland hedges, are
haunted by attending worshippers at night.
For if you explain those mysteries and reduce them to reason,
you recognise that you have to do with natural science rather
than theology.
Varro goes on : Then —
And now temples of Vulcan right beneath the hills,
places to which, it is said, Prometheus borne down
from the high threshold of heaven . . .
and —
You see a grove, that puffs out steam, whence fire,
they say, was secretly bestowed on mortals to share ;
Cicero : Let Aeschylus '' come along, not only as a poet,
but also as a Pythagorean; for thus have we been told. In
" i.e. ' scattered ' ; perhaps ' bare,' ' lonely.'
^ Cicero probably quotes from this play.
<^ The passage from Varro indicates that Cicero quotes
Accius, and does not translate Accius' model ( ?) Aeschylus.
537-8 j^ clam divisus Cic. mortalibus divis (divis Flor.)
cdd. Varr. divisse S
ACCIUS
modo fert apud eum Prometheus dolorem, quern excipit ob
furtum Lemnium ? ' Unde ignis cluet raortalibus clam
divisus : —
eum doctus Prometheus
clepsisse dolo poenasque lovi
fato expendisse supremo. 540
541
Nonius, 317, 38: * Habere ' rursus habitare . . . —
Ulixes
Ubi habet ? Urbe agrone ?
542-3
Cicero, de Fin., V, 11, 32 : Vis est perspicua naturae cum
. . . homines. . . . ea perferant, quae Philoctetam videmus
in fabulis, qui cum cruciaretur non ferendis doloribus,
propagabat tamen vitam aucupio —
Pastor
Configit tardus celeris, stans volatiles ;
ut apud Accium est, * pennarumque contextu corpori tegumenta
faciebat.'
Censorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 612, 20 : Trimetros tragicus —
pro veste pinnis membra textis contegit.
544
Macrobius, S., VI, 155 : ' Nee visu facilis nee dictu affabilis
ulli ' {Aen., Ill, 621 ). Accius in Philoctete—
quem neque tueri contra nee adfari queas.
^3* eum cd(L; var. mut. docti dictus Cralandr.
doctus rell. divis semen doctus Buecheler
5*2 configit Bothc configo S configebat Cic.
volatiles 8 volantes Cic.
5** contra nee adfari cdd. (ncq- affari Par.) nee contra
adfari C. F. VV. jNIueller nee fari Ribb.
508
PLAYS
what manner does Prometheus, in a passage of that poet, bear
the pain which he sustains because of the theft of Lemnos ?
' Whence fire, they say, was secretly bestowed on mortals to
share : —
This fire cunning Prometheus is said to have stolen,
by a trick, and paid full penalty for it to Jupiter —
through fate which is over all.
541
Ulysses asks ivhere Philoctetes may be found :
Nonius : ' Habere ' (have, keep) again means to inhabit ... —
Uli/sses
Where keeps he ? In the city or afield ?
542-3
A shepherd '^ replies :
Cicero : The force of nature shows itseK most clearly when
. . . men . . . endure what we see Philoctetes endure on the
stage ; when he was tortured by unbearable pains, he none the
less prolonged his life by catching birds —
Shepherd
He standing, slow, swift flying birds transpierces ;
as we find m a passage of Accius : ' and makes covering for
his body with braided feathers.' Cicero here paraphrases a
line which Censorinus quotes thus : The tragic trimeter —
With braided feathers for a dress he veils
His limbs.
544
Philoctetes in unapproachable :
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Neither easy for any man
to look on, nor easy to accost.' Accius in Philoctetes —
Whom you could neither look in the face nor speak
to.
« Possibly Actor— Dio Chrys., 52, 8, (550); R., 377.
ACCiUS
545-6
Nonius, 91, 4 : ' Cupienter,' cupidissime ... —
cui potestas si detur, tua
cupienter malis membra discerpat suis.
547
Macrobius, S., VI, 5, 14 : ' Caprigenumque pecus nullo
custode per herbas ' {Aen., Ill, 221) ... —
caprigenum trita ungulis.
548
Nonius, 521, 14 : ' Cautim ' pro caute ... —
UlLves
Contra est eundum cautim et captandum mihi.
549-53
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 14, 33 : Num igitur fortem virum
. . . humana contemnentem potes dicere aut Philoctetam
ilium — ? a te enira malo discedere, sed ille certe non fortis,
qui iacet —
Philocteia
in tecto umido
quod eiulatu questu gemitu fremitibus
resonando mutum flebilis voces refert,
Cp. Cicero, de Fin., II, 29, 94.
"^ si add. Passerat
^*^ mutura aut mutu cdd. de Fin. multum cdd. Tusc.
Disp.
PLAYS
545-6
Nonius : 'Cupienter' (greedily), with great cupidity. . . .—
Who, grant him but the power, would greedily
Rend with his jaws your limbs.
547
Where Philodetes can be found : «^
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' And the goat-born herd among
the grasses with none to tend them ' . . . —
worn away by the hoofs of the goat-born.
548
Ulysses will face Philoctetes :
Nonius : ' Cautim ' for ' caute ' . . . —
Ulysses
Warily must I
Attack him, face to face, and capture him.
549-53
Philoctetes on his wound :
Cicero : Surely you cannot apply the term brave man . . .
(because he scorned human fortune) either to the famous
Philoctetes or — well, I would rather not take you as an ex-
ample ; but at any rate no brave man is he who lies —
Philoctetes
In shelter damp,
WTiich, dumb thing though it is, repeats my cries,
Tearful, re-echoing with wails and plaints,
With moans and groans.
ACCIUS
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 7, 19 : Aspice Philoctetam, cui
concedendum est genienti; ipsum cnim Herculem vidcrat in
Oeta magnitudine dolonim eiulantem. Nihil igitur hunc virum
sagittae, quas ab Hercule acceperat, turn consolantur, —
cum ex viperino morsu venae viscerum
veneno inbutae taetros cruciatus cient.
Cp. Non., 324, 28; Cic, de Fin., U, 29, U; Char., ap. G^.L.,
I, 126, 30 (dracontem Accius in Philocteta).
554
Varro, L.L., VII, 80 : Apud Accium —
Recriproca tendens nervo equino concita
tela;
reciproca est, quom unde quid profectum, redit eo.
Cp. Serv. auct. ad Acn., IX, 619 (622). Cp. TroAivTom rd^a
(Horn.,//., VIIT, 266).
555-6
Cicero, ad Fam., VII, 33, 1 : Nobis ipsis displicemus . . .
ut etiam, si quando aliquid dignum nostro nomine emisiraus,
ingemiscamus, quod —
. . . Pinnigero, non arniigero in corpore
tela exerccntur haec,
ut ait Philoctctcs apud Accium, —
abiecta gloria.
557
Varro, L.L., VII, 11 : Loea quaedem agrestia, quae alicuius
dei sunt, dicuntur tesca. Nam apud Accium in Philocteta
Lemnio —
^^^ quod pinnigero n. a. i. c. t. e. h. Hermann ingemisci-
mus, quod haec p. n. a. i. c. exerceantur t. S quod haec
p. n. a. i. c. t. exerceantur Cic.
PLAYS
Cicero also says : Look at Philoctetes, whose groaning we
must pardon; for he had seen Hercules on Oeta wailing in
the severity of his pain. Thus the arrows which he had
received from Hercules bring him no comfort at the hour —
when veins within my flesh
Tainted by poison from a viper's ^ bite,
Call hideous tortures up.
554
His only comfort is the arrows which obtain him food :
Varro : In a passage of Accius —
Stretching fleet arrows on a bow backspringing,
With horses' sinews strung ;
' reciprocus ' is the term used when anything returns to the
place whence it set out.'-*
555-6
But the use to which he puts them is unworthy of a warrior :
Cicero writes : I have lost confidence in myself ... so
that if I ever have put forth anything worthy of my renown, I
even heave a groan over it, because, as Philoctetes says in
Accius' play —
A feathered not an armoured body keeps
These arrows busy ; glory's cast away.
557
When found by Ulysses and Diomedes, he speaks to them :
Varro : Certain country-places which belong to some god
are called ' tesca' (wild places). For in a passage in Accius,
in Philoctetes on Lemnos, we have —
" Accius used the word drccco also, as Charisius shows
(ap. G.L., I, 126, 20).
* Thus here the word applies best to the bow or to the bow-
string. Contrast Festus' explanation of reciprocare, p. 295.
VOL. II. L L
ACCIUS
Philocteta
Quis tu es mortalis qui in deserta et tesqua te ad-
portes loca ?
Cp. Fest, 538, 26.
558
Nonius, 469, 34 : ' Coiitempla ' . . . —
Contempla hanc sedem in qua ego noveni hiemes saxo
stratus pertuli.
559-60
Nonius, 179, 32 : ' Taetritudo ' . . . —
. . . quod te obsecro, ne haec aspernabileni
taetritudo mea inculta faxsit.
561
Horn., //., Ill, 229: ep/cos WxaLU)v. Cp. 1, 284; 8oph.,
PhilocL, 332-4 :
OIA. OLfioi (f)pdar]s /xot fir] nepa, Trplv av fxado)
77pd»Tov ToS', 7} ridvqx 6 Wj^Xiois yovos-
NEOIIT. redvTjKcv, dvSpos ovbevos, deov 6' vtto.
Quintilianus, VIII, 6, 10 : Inanima pro aliis generis eiusdem
surauntur . , . aut pro rebus animalibus inanima —
Philoctecta
Ferron an fato moerus Argivum occidit ?
^^' tesqua Fest. tesca Varro {et Fest. lenun. suppl. ex
Paid.) adportes Scriverius adportas Fest. appones
Varro.
559-60 YiQ haec a. odd. a. n. h. Hermann mea
inculta Linds. mea me i. >S mea inocculta odd.
PLAYS
Pkiloctetes
What mortal man are you to bring yourself
To places wild and lonely ?
558
Nonius : ' Contempla ' . . . —
Look long at this my resting-place, in which
Stretched on the stone I have endured nine winters.
559-60
Nonius : ' Taetritudo ' . . . ^
But, I beseech you,
Allow not this my uncared-for hideousness
To make of me a thing to scorn.
561
Pkiloctetes asks about the death of Achilles :
Quintilian, on metaphors : Again inanimate things are
substituted for other inanimate things of the same gender, . . .
or inanimate things for animate — "
Pkiloctetes
By sword or fate did the Argives' bulwark fall?
" The quotation comes probably from this play.
^^^ ferron an fato Buecheler ferro an aut ferro non cdd.
fato non ferro olirn Ribb.
ll2
ACCIUS
562-3
Macrobius, <S'., VI, 5, 2 : Mulciber est Vuleanus, quod ignis
sit et omnia uiulccat ac doniet. Accius in Philoctctc —
Philodeta
Heu Mulciber!
Anna ergo ignavo invicta es fabricatus manu.
564-7
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 7, 19 : Aspice Philoctetam .
exelamat auxilium expetens, mori cupiens —
Heu ! quis salsis fluctibus mandet
me ex sublimo vertice saxi ?
iam iam absumor ; conficit animam
vis vulneris ulceris aestus.
568
Nonius, 323, 12: ' Inmane ' rursum niinime bonum, ct
nocens ... —
, . . Phrygiam miti more esse, animo inmani
Graeciam.
662-3 Qj.gQ fffiff^ Hermann wZ eheu M. a. i. i. e. f. m. (septenar.)
constit.
668 Phrygiam e. q. s. Mr. ipsam Frygiam mitiorem esse
aio immani Graecia Ribb. (F. m. e. i. G. Mercier) F. e. m. i.
G. Hermann alii alia Frygiam cdd. miti more G(.n.
Bern. 83 rainore La.G. essesamimani (-inm-, iram-)
graeciam cdd.
Si6
PLAYS
562-3
Philoctetes hears of the award of Achilles' arms to Ulysses :
Macrobius : ' Mulciber ' means Vulcan, on the ground that
he is fire and ' mulcet ' (softens) and subdues all things.
Accius in Philoctetes —
Philoctetes
Oh ! Mulciber ! For a coward ^ then didst thou
make
The weapons with thine hand invincible !
564-7
Philoctetes in great pain and despair :
Cicero : Look at Philoctetes ... he calls out, begging
earnestly for help, wanting to die —
Oh!
Who might deliver me to billows salt
From the high summit of a rock ? At last
Fm overwhelmed! The venom of my wound,
The burning of my sore, wears out my life.
568
In his agony he blames the Greeks ? :
Nonius : ' Inmane ' again means far from good, and hurt-
ful ... —
That Phrygia's a land of manners mild
And Greece a land of savage soul.
<* A good touch this, if Ulysses has not yet revealed his own
person to Philoctetes. Ulysses was supposed to have shirked
fighting at one time.
ACCIUS
569
Quintilianus, V, 10, 83 : Recte autem monemur causas
non utique ab ultimo repetendas, ut . . . Philocteta
Paridi —
... si inpar esses tibi, ego nunc non essem miser.
570
Nonius, 16, 26 : ' Succussare ' est susum frequenter ex-
cutere ... —
Philocteta
Agite ac vulnus nei succusset gressus, caute in-
gredimini.
571-2
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., I, 28, 68 : Cum videmus . . . globum
terrae . . . duabus oris distantibus habitabilem et cultum,
quarum altera quam nos incolimus —
Sub axe posita ad stellas septem, unde horrifer
Aquilonis stridor gelidas molitur nives,
. . . possumusne dubitare quin lis praesit aliquis ?
Cp. Sehol. Veron., ad Aen., VIII, 28 (. . . Accius in Philoc-
teta); Non., 346, 20.
669 Paridi si inpar esses Bonnell Pari, Dyspari, Bur-
mann P. D.dispar essesSchneidewin alii alia paridis
inpar esses Amhr. a Bamb. 2 Flor., al. pari dispar esses
Par. a Goth., al. paridi si par esses Bamb. Ambr. b.
5'" nei Mr. me lun. nee cdd. succuset cdd.
praeter G. (succusset cdd. in lemtn.)
^^^ unde Cic. ubi Non. horrifer Cic. Non. hor-
ridus schol. Veron.
Si8
PLAYS
569
But a Trojan was the cause of his trouble :
Quintilian : But we are well advised that we should not
necessarily go back to the farthest limits for causes, like . . .
Philoctetes addressing " Paris —
If there had been in you no parity
With you, I would not now be miserable.
570
He is won over and is helped away :
Nonius : ' Succussare ' (jolt) ^ means to shake again and
again from underneath, ' susum ' . . . —
Philoctetes
Then lead nie on ; and step you warily,
Lest my step jolt the wound.
Unplaced fragment :
571-2
Cicero : When we see the globe of our world . . . habitable
and cultivated in two zones each far apart from the other; of
which the one, which v,e inhabit, is —
Under the pole towards the seven stars,^
Whence whistling comes the shuddersome north-
easter
And masses the chilly snow^-storms,
. . . can we doubt that some being has command over them ?
" i.e. apostrophising Paris. I adopt the accepted reading.
There is clearly a pun on Paris and inpar. Philoctetes
means * if Paris had not behaved so exactly like himself . . .'
The reading ' Pari dyspari si inpar ' is tempting but probabty
wrong (' 0 Paris, Woe-Paris, had there been disparitv . . .
cp. Horn., 7/., XIII, 769; III, 39).
^ It is really the same as subcutere.
« The Bear (the north).
51^9
ACCIUS
PHINIDAE
The version used most probably by Accius was the folloAv-
ing : Phineus, a king of Salmydessus, ceased to love his queen
Cleopatra, imprisoned her, and married Dardanus' daughter
Idaea, who either blinded Phineus' two sons (whose names
vary) by Cleopatra and buried them alive, or else falsely
accused them before Phineus so that he maltreated them.
They were discovered thus by the Argonauts, who gave them
help. They were set free by Zetes and Calais, Cleopatra's
brothers, and Phineus was dethroned ; Cleopatra was also freed,
573-7
Nonius, 504, 30 : ' Sonit ' pro sonat. Accius . . .
Phinidis —
Chorus
Hac ubi curvo litore latratu
unda sub undis labunda sonit,
Nonius, 463, 12 : ' Cachinnare ' non risu tantum sed et de
sono vehementiore vetustas dici voluit ... —
simul et circum stagna sonantibus
excita saxis saeva sonando
crepitu clangente cachinnant.
578
Nonius, 200, 37 : ' Copulae ' generis feminini ... —
Abtorque prorim ac suppa tortas copulas ;
''" stagna Bentley merga Linds. Jorlasse mergu'
magna Q. Bamb. Par. 76C6 megna Lu. HarL, Par. 7667,
Escorial. saeva Bothe magnisonantibus S magnito-
nantibus Barth
^'^ saeva sonando cdd., seclud. Bothe suavisona echo
Ribb. (saevisona e. Bergk) saeva Celaeno Bentley saeva
tonando Barth
*" clangente S clangentes cdd, cachinnant cdd.
cachinnat !S
^^8 abtorque cdd. obtorque Passerat
520
PLAYS
THE SONS OF PHINEUS
and Hercules restored the sons to health and gave them their
father's throne. Idaea was slain, and Phiueus was blinded
and tormented by Harpies. At last he was freed because he
told the Argonauts how to pass the Symplegades safely.
It is hardly possible to place any of the fragments with any
certainty, nor is Accius' model known (cf, R., 536 ff.), but the
remains suggest that the plot begins after the coming of the
Argonauts to Salmydessus, and that the chorus consisted of
mariners of the Argo.
573-7
Entry of the. Argonauts into the haven at Salmydessus :
Nonius : ' Sonit ' for ' sonat.' Accius ... in The Sons of
Phineus —
Chorus
Here where the billow under billows tumbling
Booms growling on the curving shore,
Nonius : ' Cachinnare.' Ancient writers would have this
word describe not only a laugh but a more boisterous
sound ... — ■
And round about withal 'mid plash and patter
Chuckle ^ harsh-sounding waters, wakened up
By the loud-droning rocks.
578
Nonius : ' Copulae ' of the feminine gender ... —
Ease ofF^ the prow, throw loose the plaited cables ;
" A word at one time used in English for loud laughter.
This fr. is not certain. Perhaps we should read mergu'
sonantibus excitu' saxis . . . cachinnxit, which would change
the picture — ' And round about withal, thei diving-bird,
disturbed upon the sounding rocks, laughs loud with harsh
cackle and jarring noise.' Even so, sonando is probably wrong.
** But perhaps ohtorque, ' turn in,' is right. The speaker
is probably Jason. Suppare or supare is a word stated b}-
Festus to mean ' iacere et disicere.'
52r
ACCIUS
579
Festus, 538, 28 : <Tonsillam ait> esse Verrius palum
. . . <Acciusin> Phinidis.
Tacete et tonsillas litore in lecto edite.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 539, 11.
580
Nonius, 84, 29 : ' Congenerat ' est adiungit, adsociat ... —
Quaeve ut Graio tibi congenerat gentium aut
generum adfinitas ?
581
Nonius, 20, 26 : ' Medicinam ' dicimus et venenum ; trae-
tum a Graecis, qui venenum ^dpfiaKov appellant ... —
se venenis sterilem esse illius opera et medicina
autumans.
582
Nonius, 489, 7 : ' Sublima ' pro sublimis ... —
aut saepe ex humili sede sublima evolat.
583
Nonius, 503, 38 : ' Lavit ' pro lavat ... —
Salsis eruorem guttis lacrimarum lavit.
^'^ tacete et Fest., Paul. tacite tonsillas Grotius lecto
Mr. leda cdd. Paul, (laeda Escorial.) lito *****
edite cd. Fe-st.
^^" uto/j'mRibb. at cdd. banc Mr. Graio Linds.
(graico F. 2 ut vid.) adgnatio Buecheler Adrasto lun.
{imino Adraste vel Adrastum?) adgravato Botlie at-
grafo cdd. gentium cdd. gentum aut vcl baud
degenerum Bothe seclud. gentium aut Duenzer
" Thus Ribb., Trag. Fragm., corollar., LXI. The readings
are doubtful. I suggest that the questioner asks a son of
Phineus how it comes about that he can be the son of such a
cruel father.
522
PLAYS
579
The Argo is quietly moored :
Festus : ' Tonsilla.' Verrius says it is a stake . . . Accius
in The Sons of Phineus —
Keep silence, and bring out the mooring-stakes
Upon the chosen shore.
580
Hercules {?) speaks to one of Phineus' tivo sons ? : "
Xonius : 'Congenerat' (joins as kin) means connects,
associates ... —
Again, what blood-relationship of tribe
Or clan joins him as kin to you— a Greek ? ^
581
One of Phineus'' sons tells how Idaea falsely accused Cleopatra :
Nonius : ' Medicina ' is also a term used for poison ; the
usage is derived from the Greeks, who call poison <f>dpfxaKov
Saying 'twas by her doing she was barren
Through drugs and poisons. '^
582
From an account of Phineus tormented by Harpies ? :
Nonius : ' Sublima ' for ' sublimis ' . . . —
Or oft from lowly perch flies up aloft.
583
Nonius : ' Lavit ' for ' lavat ' . . . —
He bathes the blood in salty drops of tears.
'' This is probably the right reading; but cf. R., 542 and
Trag. Fragm., corollar., LXI.
'' So Nonius understood this fr. ; but it might mean (especi-
ally if we read veneni) : ' That it was by that person's help and
medicine that he was emptied of poison.'
ACCIUS
584
Nonius, 205, 5 : ' Finem ' . . , feminino ... —
neque ulla interea finis curarum datur.
PHOENISSAR
585-8
Eur., Phoen., 1 s.
*D. TTjv iv aorpois ovpavov Tefivtov dSov
Koi xpvaoKoWrjToioLv e^jSejStu? hi<f)poL's
'HAte, doaxs ImroLaLV elMaocvv (f>X6ya,
cos SvcnvxTJ Qri^aiai rfj rod' rjyiipq.
aKrlv' €(f)rJKas.
Priscianus, ap. G.L., Ill, 423, 35 : Nee solum comiei huius-
cemodi sunt usi iambis, sed etiam tragiei vetustissimi . . .
Accius . . . (424, 19) in Phoenissis —
locasta
Sol qui micantem candido curru atque equis
flammam citatis fervido ardore explicas,
quianam tarn adverse augurio et inimico omine
Thebis radiatum lumen ostentas tuum ?
Cp. Apulei., Flor., 10.
589
Phoen., 15-16.
Nonius, 481, 23 : ' Potior illam rem ' pro ilia re potior ... —
ut tute natus sceptrum poteretur patris.
^*^ micantem c. c. Prise. candentem vel punicantem
fervndo cursu cdd. A'pulei.
^®* ostentas Bothe ostentum cdd.
68« ut t. n. W. n. u. t. cdd. n. uti t. Bothe
virtute lun., Fruter. poteretur Quietus potiretur cdd.
524
PLAYS
584
Nonius : ' Finem ' ... in the feminine . . .
Nor meanwhile any end of cares is given.
THE PHOENICIAN MAIDENS «
585-8
From the prologue ; opening of the play. In Euripides the
time referred to by Jocasta is past — {accursedly did the sun shine
when Cadmus came to Boeotia) :
Priscianus : And not only the writers of comedies used
iambics of this kind, but also the oldest tragic writers . . .
Accius ... in The Phoenician Maidens —
Jocasta
O Sun, who on your w^hite-hot chariot
And rushing horses twinkling flames unfurl
In glowing heat, why come with augury
Ill-boding thus, with omen so unfriendly
The beams of light which you display to Thebes ?
589
Prologue ; how Laius, childless, wished to have an heir :
Nonius : ' Potior ' with the accusative instead of the
ablative ... —
that a son
Safely the father's sceptre might possess.^
" In this play Accius made a free use of Euripides' extant
<DoivLG(jaL. Some of the deviations seem to come from Aeschylus.
Cf . R., 476 ff. Chorus of Phoenician maidens.
^ In Euripides and Seneca {Phoen.) it is the brothers who
agree to rule alternately year by year; in Accius this ia
ordained by Oedipus; cf. lines 594, 603.
5^5
ACCIUS
590-2
Nonius, 101, 19 : ' Dividae,' ut dissensiones ... —
. . . ne horum dividae et discordiae
dissipent et disturbent tantas et tarn opimas civium
divitias.
593
Phoen., 425.
Nonius, 85, 12 : ' Castitudinem ' pro castitate . . . —
Ibi fas, ibi cunctam antiquam castitudinem
594
Phoen., 469 s. ; vel. 603 : to £5 fiepovs exov to TrAeiov ;
Nonius, 415, 8 : ' Vesci ' etiam significat uti ... — (416,
9) . . .-
Polyneices
Num pariter videor patris vesci praemiis ?
595
Phoen., 593 : Kal av tcovS' eiw KOfiil^ov reix^cov, ^ Kardavfj.
Nonius, 292, 20 : ' Eliminari ' est exire ... —
Eieocles
Egredere exi ecfer te, elimina urbe !
Non., 101 : dividae cdd. dividiae ed. princ.
^^^ d.e.d.cdd. dividiae discordiae Fleckeisen dividae
discordiae Mr.
**2 dissipent e. d. cdd. seclud. et S
Non., 292 : eliminari Harl. eliminare rell.
" Context uncertain; the metre precludes attribution of
these lines to the prologue.
* Accius perhaps developed this part of the plot at greater
length than Euripides did.
•= sc. Argeia. So I take this fr. Contrast R., 479.
526
PLAYS
590-2
Danger of strife between Eteocles and Polyneices."
Nonius : ' Dividae,' used like ' dissensiones ' . . .
That discords and divisions of these brothers
May not disturb and dissipate the riches,
So great and so abundant, of the townsmen.
593
Eteocles, the first-born, ruled first ; when Polyn^ices returned
from his yearns absence, there was civil strife.^
Polyneices to Jocasta on his tnarriage with Adrastus^
daughter : '^
Nonius : ' Castitudinem ' for ' castitatem ' . . . —
There righteousness, there all time-honoured
chastity
594
A parley between the brothers ; Polyneices to Eteocles {?) :
Nonius : ' Vesci ' even means to have the use of . . . —
Polyneices
Surely you think not
That I enjoy on equal terms with you,
Rewards our father made ? '^
595
Eteocles bids Polyneices leave the city :
Nonius : ' Eliminari ' (be put out of doors) means to go
out ... —
Eteocles
Go forth ! Go out ! Get you gone ! Outdoors
with you from the city !
^ In Accius Polyneices naturally speaks of his father's
orders or reward (see n. * of p. 525). According to Euripides,
however, it was the brothers themselves who agreed to rule
by turns (Eur., Phoen., 69 ff.).
ACCIUS
596
Eur., Phoev., 631 :
Koi av, Ooi^' ava^ ayviev Kol fiiXaOpa xaipere
■^\iK€s 6' ovfJLol dewv T€ Sefi/iT^A' ayaA/LiaTo.
Nonius, 173, 26 : ' Sanctitudo ' pro sanctitas . . ,-
Polyneices
. . . delub'ra caelitum arae sanctitudines,
597-8
Phoen., 874-6 : out€ yap yepa Trarpl
our' l^oSov 8lB6ut€S dvBpa Bvcnvxrj
i^rjypLcooav.
Nonius, 16, 1 : * Expectorare ' est extra pectus eicere ... —
7'eiresias
Incusant ultro, a fortuna opibusque omnibus
desertuni abiectuni adflictum exaniniuni expectorant.
599
Phoen., 942-3 :
av 8' ivddh' rjfj.iv Xolttos ei arraprojv yevovs \ aKepaioy
Nonius, 425, 36 : ' Antiquior,' niclior ... —
Teiresias
ab dracontis stirpe armata exortus genere antiquior.
^"^ fortasse seiiar.
^*' exanimum N. Faber ex animo cdd.
S28
PLAYS
596
Polyneices bids farewell :
Nonius : ' Sanctitudo ' for ' sanctitas ' . . . —
Polyneices
You temples of the holy gods, you altars
Y^ou holy places,
597-8
Teiresias to Creon ; how Oedipus loas slighted by his sons :
Nonius : ' Expectorare ' means to cast out of the breast,
* pectus ' . . . —
Teiresias
Of their own will they impeach, of all his goods
And riches they unbosom him, downcast,
Forlorn, distressed, disheartened.
599
Creon must therefore sacrifice himself or his other son
Menoeceus : "
Nonius : ' Antiquior ' better ... —
Teiresias
by birth a better ^ man
Sprung from the dragon's armoured stock.
" To save the land a descendant of the dragon's teeth must
be sacrificed. Haemon being betrothed to Antigona is not
pure enough.
* So Nonius takes antiquior here; but it may mean simply
'more ancient.'
yOL. II. M M
ACCIUS
600-1
Phoen., 1476 iS. : dAAot Se tovs OavovTas ' Avriyovr)? ficra
vcKpovs <f)€povaLv ivddS' oiKTiaaL <f>i\ois.
Nonius, 398, 1 : ' Saucii ' dicuntur proprie vulnerati, non
maesti, sicut vnlt consuetudo ... —
Nuntius
Obit nunc vestra nioenia, oninis saucios
convisit ut curentur diligentius.
602-3
Phoen., 1590-1592 :
aa(f>a)s yap etTre Teipeat'as' ov fi-q ttotc
aov T-qvBe yi]v olkovvtos eu irpa^nv ttoXlv
aAA' €KKOI.ut,OV.
Nonius, 185, 5: ' Vastescant ' significat inhorrescant vel
deserantur ... —
Creo
lussit proficisci exilium quovis gentium
ne scelere tuo Thebani vastescant agri.
604
Nonius, 185, 16 : ' Vicissitatem ' pro vicissitudine ... —
vicissitatemque inperitandi tradidit.
605
Phoen., 1759 *'.
Nonius, 13, 11 : ' Crepera ' res proprie dicitur dubia ... —
Oedipus
. . . quae ego cuncta esse fluxa in mea re crepera
conperi.
530
PLAYS
600-1
War between the brothers. How Antigona tended the
wounded : "
Nonius : ' Saucii ' (hurt) is a term properly applied to
wounded, not to sorrowful people, as common use would have
it . . .—
Messe7iger
. . . Now walked she round your ramparts ;
And she looked well to all the sorely hurt
So that they might more readily be tended.
602-3
Creon tells Oedipus he must leave the city :
Nonius: 'Vastescant' (become waste) means' should
become rough ' or ' desolate ' . . . —
Creon
He has ordained you go to banishment
Where in the world you will, that by your crime
The fields of Thebes may waste not.
604
Reference to Oedipus' arrangement for division of the rule :
Nonius : ' Vicissitatem ' for ' vicissitudinem ' . . . —
And he delivered up to them to share
In turn the kingdom's sway.
605
Lament of Oedipus :
Nonius : ' Creper ' (dark, dusky) is properly used of
something that is dubious ... —
Oedipus
All these affairs, I find, are drifting things
In this my darksome plight.
" Contrast the messenger's speech in Euripides.
M M 2
ACCIUS
PROMETHEUS
I have included under Prometheus two fragments, but
whether the first one (lines 606-7) really belongs to Accius is
doubtful. Cicero (Tusc. Disp., II, 10, 23) having made his own
translation into verse of a long passage from Sophocles'
Tracliiniae, goes on to give two more passages, the second being
a long one, and informs us that it is Aeschylus' Prometheus
speaking {sc. in Prometheus Unbound). Now the first of these
Aeschylean passages is quoted a little more fully by Varro
{L.L., VII, 1 1 ) apparently as from Accius' Philoctctes on Lemnos
(see pp. 506-7), while one line and a half of Cicero's second
606-7
Nonius, 17, 2 : ' Adulatio ' est blandimentum proprie
canum, quod et ad homines tractum in consuetudine est . . .
Accius Prometheo —
Prometheus
sublime advolans
pinnata cauda nostrum adulat sanguinem.
Cp. Cic, Tusc. Disp., II, 10, 23-4, vv. U-15.
608
Aesch., Prom. Vinct., 993-4 :
XevKOTTTepu) Se vL(f>dbi /cat ^poiT-qfiaai
XdoviOLS KVKOLTO) TTOLVTa Kal TapaoaeTo}'
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 210, 14 : Hoc cornu, tonitru, quae
tamen antiquissimi inveniuntur in -um quoque proferentes in
eodem gencre, et in -us genere proferentes masculino et
quartae declinationis . . . Accius in Prometheo —
. . . tum profusus flamine hiberno gelus
Cp. Non., 208, 3.
*°' sublime Cic. tui mei cdd. Non. advolans vel
avolans cdd. Cic. volans cdd. Non.
608 turn add. ex Non.
532
PLAYS
PROMETHEUS
Aeschylean passage are given as from Accius' Prometheus by
Xonius, whose quotation apparently goes back to some com-
mentary on Cicero ; Xonius' quotation comes after one from
Lucretius, which follows two from Cicero [de Nat. Deor. and
de Offic). As regards accepting the passage as Accius', the
testimony of Nonius at this point in his text is no sure founda-
tion on which to rest. I have done no more than include
doubtfully the passage quoted by Xonius as from Accius'
Prometheus. Cf. Ribb., 543 ff., and Trag. Fragm., LVII ;
Przychocki, Eos, XXXII, 215 ff. ; Fra.enkel, Gnomon, VI, 663.
606-7
The vulture or eagle that preyed on Prometheus :
Xonius : ' Adulatio ' means the blandishment proper to
dogs : metaphorical application of the term to human beings
also is in common use . . . Accius " in Prometheus-
Prometheus
Flying aloft at me, with feathered tail
It fawns away my blood.
608
The hitter weather of the Caucasus :
Priscian : We say ' comu,' ' tonitru,' as nominative neuter
forms ; yet the most archaic writers are found to inflect these
words with -um also in the same gender, and with -us in the
masculine gender, and in the fourth declension. . . . Accius
in Prometheus — .
then frost far spread by winter's blast
'^ On this see the notice above.
533
ACCIUS
STASIASTAE
SIVE
TROPAEUM LIBERI
This play dealt with the hostility of Lycurgus, king of the
Edones in Thrace, towards Dionysus (Liber) and his Maenads
when they entered the land, and his downfall and fate. For
the legend, see notice to Naevius' play Lycurgus (pp. 122-3);
609
Nonius, 524, 18 : ' Turbam ' et ' turbas ' . . . nos . . .
invenimus . . . indiscrete positum et pro turbis turbam . . .
Accius Stasiastis vel Tropaeo —
Non vides quam turbam, quantos belli fluctus con-
cites ?
610
Nonius, 20, 18 : ' Corporare ' est interficere, et quasi corpus
solum sine anima relinquere . . . Accius Stasiastis vel Tropaeo
Liberi —
Corporare abs tergo es ausus.
611
Nonius, 334, 38 : ' Liquerit ' significat et reliquerit ... —
. . . Turn si ibi de dolore hoc anima corpus liquerit,
^^^ turn si ibi de dolore Linds. turn si ibi dolore Onions
tum si vitae de d. Quich. turn tibi de T cum subito
lun. alii alia tum subidae cdd. (sibidae G.) deloide
(loide Gen. Bern., 83) lore cdd.
" Or possibly this is a taunt at Lycurgus after he had in
madness slain his own son Dryas.
534
PLAYS
THE REBELS
OR
LIBER'S TROPHY
Accius may have followed the first of the two versions there
given. The title Stasiastae shows that in Accius the chorus was
composed of Lycurgus' not Dionysus' followers.
609
Warni-ng to Lycurgus in his uprising against Liber :
Nonius : ' Turba ' and ' turbae.' . . . We have found . . .
the same words used without distinction, and ' turba ' for
' turbae.' Accius ... in The Rebels or The Trophy —
Do you not see what turmoil, what great floods
Of warfare you call up r
610
Liber to Lycurgus, after "■ an attack on the Maenads :
Nonius : ' Corporare ' means to kill, and as it were to leave
only a lifeless corpse . . . Accius in The Rebels or Liber's
Trophy —
You durst corpse ^ from the back.
611
Lycurgus is to be blinded and crucified : '^
Nonius : ' Liquerit ' also means the same as ' reliquerit'
And then if through the agony there suffered
Breath shall have left this body,
* As it were ' becarcase ' (cp. behead). To ' corpse ' is
slang but translates the Latin.
"= Or torn apart by horses, according to the other version of
the legend.
535
ACCIUS
612-13
Nonius, 337, 17 : ' Lautuni ' etiam inquinatum vel macu-
latum ... —
Chorus
vulnere taetro deformatum
suo sibi lautum sanguine tepido.
TELEPHUS
When the Greeks landed in Mysia by mistake for the land
of Troy, Telephus, heir to the throne of Mysia, repulsed them,
but was wounded by Achilles' spear. The Greeks, after their
retirement, were broken up by a storm, but reassembled at
Argos and made ready to set off once more for Troy. Mean-
while Telephus, seeking a cure for his wound, received from
Delphi the answer : ' He who wounded shall cure.' He found
that Achilles was at Argos, went to that city, and was cured by
rust on Achilles' spear. He then went to Troy with the Greeks.
614-15
Priscianus, ap. Q.L., III, 423, 35 : Nee solum comici huius-
cemodi sunt usi iambis, sed etiam tragici vetustissimi . . .
Accius . . . (424, 24) in Telepho —
quantam Tyndareo gnata et Menelai domus
molem excitarit belli pastorque Ilius.
616-17
Nonius, 503, 16 : Ab eo quod est ' fervit ' breviato accentu
fervere facit, ut spernit, spernere ... —
aere atque ferro fervere atque insignibus
florere.
^^* fervere Bentin. icvxcicdd. atque insignibus W
inque insignibus Botlio fervere et signis florere insignibus
Mr. igni insignibus cdd. igni seclud. Kibb.
PLAYS
612-13
The punishment completed :
Nonius : ' Lautum ' (bathed, washed) even means befouled
or stained ... —
Chorus
misshapen by hideous wounding, bathed in his
own warm blood.
TELEPHUS
Accius may have followed Euripides' TT7Ae^o? ; but, in Aceius,
Telephus is, according to some, in reality, and not by pretence,
a beggar, and has been in fact driven from his kingdom . Some
think his speeches are not subtle and sophistic like those of
Telephus in Euripides, and that the model may therefore be
Aeschylus. But it will be clear that, even in Accius, Telephus
is keeping his true state secret from the Greeks. Cf. R., 344 ff.
Scene : Argos.
614-15
From the prologue. The Greek army preparing :
Priscianus : And not only writers of comedies used iambics
of this kind, but also the oldest tragic writers. . . . Accius
... in Telephus —
How mighty is the moil of war stirred up
By Tyndareus's daughter, by the house
Of MenelauSj by an llian herdsman.
616-17
Nonius : From the verb ' fervit ' is formed an infinitive
* fervere,' with a short vov/el, like ' spernere ' from ' spemit '
Glowing with bronze and iron and beflowered
With emblems.
537
ACCIUS
618
Nonius, 488, 3 : ' Augura ' pro auguria . . . —
Telephus
Pro certo arbitrabor sortis oracla adytus augura ?
619
Nonius, 488, 10 : ' Flucti ' pro fluctus ... —
flucti cruoris volverentur Mysii.
620-1
Nonius, 347, 33 : ' Molle,' placidum ... —
, . . remisque nixi properiter navem in fugam
transdunt subter saxa ad laevam, qua mons
mollibat mare.
Cp. Non., 155, 10; 307, 32.
622
Eur., Tel., 715 N. copa a€ dvy^ov Kpeioaova yvcofir^v ^X^'-^- ^^P*
724 N.
Nonius, 227, 27 : ' Terriculae ' . . . neutri ... —
Proinde istaec tu aufer terricula atque aiiimuin
iratuin conprime.
623-4
Nonius, 13, 11 : ' Crepera ' res proprie dicitur dubia . . . —
Nunc tu in re crepera tua quid capias consili
vide.
^^^ Mysii Buecheler mihi cdd.
•^20 remisque aM. ex Non., 155, 307
tu Mr. tua cdd.
538
PLAYS
618
Telephus ponders over the reply given him at Delphi :
Nonius : ' Augura ' for ' auguria ' . . . —
Telephus
Shall I believe as sure our spoken dooms,
Oracular replies and prophecies,
The deep recesses ?
619
He tells how he defended the Mysians against the Greeks :
Nonius : ' Flucti ' for ' fluctus ' . . . —
There would have been rolling waves of Mysian
blood.
620-1
Hoiv he fled from his kingdom :
Nonius : ' MoUe ' (soft), placid ... —
And straining at the oars in haste
They gave the ship to flight, moving to left
Under the rocks, there where the mountain-face
Softened the sea.
622
A council ? :
Nonius : ' Terriculae ' , , . neuter ... —
. . . You then — away with these
Your bugbears, and restrain your angry temper !
623-4
Nonius : ' Creper ' (dark, dusky) is properly used of
something that is dubious ... —
Now see what kind of counsel you must take
In this your darksome plight.
539
ACCIUS
625-6
Macrobius, S., VI, 1, 57 : ' Nee si miserum Fortuna Sino-
neni | finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget '
{Aen., II, 79-80). Accius in Telepho —
. . . nam si a me regnum Fortuna atcjue opes
eripere quivit, at virtutem non quiit.
627-8
Nonius, 352, 5 : ' Nobilitarent ' notificarent dictum est . . . —
. . . nam is demum miser est, cuius nobilitas miserias
nobilitat.
629-32
Nonius, 136, 18 : ' Maestitudo ' pro maestitia . . . —
. . . quern ego ubi aspexi, virum memorabilem
intui viderer, ni vestitus taeter vastitas
maestitudo praedicarent hominem esse . . .
Nonius, 225, 35 : ' Squalor ' . . . feminini ... —
nam etsi opertus squalitate est luotucjue horri-
ficabili,
633-5
Nonius, 174, 11 : ' Satu ' positum pro semine ... —
Profecto hauquaquam est ortus mediocri satu.
^^^ non quiit Sleplmn. nee quiit Ribb. nequiit
vidgo nequivit vel nequit add,
«27 nam Bentin. na cdd. is denum {aut demum)
miser est cdd. huius demum miseret Ribb.
630-1 vastitas maestitudo W maestitudo vastitas Delrio
vastitudo maestitudo Ribb. [qui d alia coni.) maestitudo
vastitudo cdd.
PLAYS
625-6
Telephus stales his case, ? :
Macrobius, quoting Virgil : ' Xor if Fortune has made
Sinon unhappy, will she, in malice, fashion him also a windbag
and a liar.' Accius in Telephus —
. . . For though Fortune has been able
To tear away my kingdom and my wealth,
My virtue yet she could not.
627-8
Xonius : ' Xobilitarent ' was a term used for ' made
known ' . . . —
. . . for he only is a wretched man,
Whose own renown has made his woes renowned.
629-32
Evidence that Telephus is really of noble birth :
Nonius : ' Maestitudo ' for ' maestitia ' . . . —
When I
Did look at hun, I would have thought I saw
A memorable warrior, were it not
That hideous dress and ravagement and grief
Proclaimed he was a man . . .
Nonius : ' Squalor ' ... in a feminine form ... —
For though he was with squalor overwhelmed
And frightful grief,
633-5
From another speech {metre has changed) :
Nonius : ' Satu ' (sowing) put for ' seed ' . . . —
By no means surely was he sprung from stock
Of common sowing.
541
ACCIUS
Nonius, 426, 21 : ' Cuius ' et ' cuiatis.' Haec est differen-
tia : cuius ad personam refertur hominis, cuiatis unde signi-
ficat ... —
Qui neque cuiatis esset umquam potuimus
nuilta erogitantes sciscere . . .
636
Nonius, 485, 3 : ' Iteris ' positum pro itineris ... —
studiumque iteris reprime.
637-8
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 512, 3 : ' Seneo ' invenitur in usu.
Accius in Telepho —
Chorus
lam iam stupido Thessala somno
pectora languentque senentque.
TEREUS
Unlike Livius (p. 10 ff.), Accius followed the more generally
accepted version of the legend, as follows. Pandion, king
of Athens, had two daughters Procne and Philomela. He
gave Procne to Tereus (king of Daulis or Daulia in Phocis) to
be his wife. After a few years Procne longed to see Philomela,
and so Tereus went to Athens to fetch her. But on the way
back he lusted after her, raped her, cut her tongue out, and
left her in custody far from Daulis. He told Procne that
Philomela had been drowned at sea. But Philomela taking
the opportunity of a feast at which women were wont to send
542
PLAYS
Nonius : ' Cuius ' and ' cuiatis.' The difference is this :
' cuius ' refers to the actual person of a man, ' cuiatis ' means
" ' whence ' he came" ... —
. . . Though we kept asking many a question
At no time were we able thus to learn
Wherefrom he came, nor . . .
636
Achilles desired to depart for Troy. Effort to restrain Mm :
Nonius : ' Iteris ' put for ' itineris ' . . . —
and restrain your eagerness for the journey.
637-8
The Myrmidons lie idle :
Priscianus : ' Seneo.' This form is found in use. Accius
in Telephus —
Chorus
By now the hearts of the Thessalians droop
And dither in sottish sleep.
TEREUS
presents to the queen, sent Procne a robe on which she wove
an account of her wrongs. Procne read the message, found her
sister, slaughtered her own son Itys and served up his limbs as
a delicacy for Tereus. Tereus pursued Procne and Philomela,
but all three were changed into birds.
The model was, it seems, chiefly Sophocles. Scene : Daulis
at the time of the triennial festival of Dionysus when the
matrons haunted the mountains by night. Cf. R., 577 ff. In
Cicero's time this play was very famous on the stage : Cic,
ad Alt., XVI, 2, 3 ; XVI, 5, 1 ; Orat. Phil., I, 15, 36.
543
ACCIUS
639-42
Nonius, 279, 24 : ' Deponere ' est desperare, undc et
' depositi ' desperati dicuntur . . . Accius in Tereo —
Tereus indomito more atque animo barbaro
conspexit in earn ; amore vecors flammeo,
deposit us, facinus pessimum ex dementia
confingit.
643-4
Nonius, 258, 38 : ' Contendere ' significat comparare ... —
Video te, mulier, more multarum utier
ut vim contendas tuam ad maiestatem viri.
Cp. Non'., 519, 6.
645-6
Nonius, 256, 9 : ' Comparare ' vetcrcs confirniare ct con-
stituere dixerunt . . . (256, 22) ... —
Procne
Atque id ego semper sic mecum agito et conparo
quo pacto magnam molem minuam.
647
Nonius, 111, 34 : ' Famulanter ' pro supplicitcr . . . —
Deum Cadmogena natum Semela adfare et famu-
lanter pete.
Cp. Non., 463, 25.
^*'^ in earn cdd. Line Buecheler ut earn Mr.
544
PLAYS
639-42
From the prologue ; The crime of Tereus against Philomela :
Xonius : ' Deponere ' (lay down, lay low) means to despair
of; whence ' deposit! ' also is a term used of persons who are
despaired of . . . Accius in Tereus —
Tereus, a man of ways untameable
And savage heart, did turn his gaze upon her ;
Senseless with flaming love, a man laid low, —
The foullest deed he fashioned from his madness.
643-4
Procne contemplates revenge. Protest of the chorus :
Xonius : ' Contendere ' (strain) means to compare ... —
I perceive you practise, woman,
The ways of many wives in that you strain
Your might " against your husband's dignity.
64-5-6
Procne will seek her sister among the Maenads on the
viountains :
Nonius : ' Comparare ' (make ready). Used by the older
writers for confirm and establish ... —
Procne
This is the plan I ponder,
Making it ready ever in my mind —
In what way I can lessen this large labour.
647
Someone suggests to her a plan :
Xonius : ' Famulanter ' (like a menial) for suppliantly . . .
Menialwise address and pray the god
The son of Cadmus' daughter Semele.
"■ Or ' strain violence of yours . . . '
545
VOL. II. NX
ACCIUS
648-9
Nonius, 96, 27 : ' Dulcitas,' ' dulcitudo ' pro dulcedo ... —
. . . O suavem linguae sonitum ! o dulcitas
conspirantum animae !
650
Nonius, 173, 26 : ' Sanctitudo ' pro sanctitas ... —
Procne
Alia hie sanctitudo est, aliud nomen et numen lovis.
651
Marius Victorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 149, 11 : Dchinc —
Struunt sorores Atticae dirum nefas.
652-3
Nonius, 355, 3 : * Occupare ' est proprie praevenire ... —
Set nisi clam regeni auferre ab regina occupo
puerum,
®^' conspirantum Bothe conspirantis Delrio con-
spiratum cdd. (conspiritum Lu.).
*^° nomen et numen ^W. nomen et nomen cc?^.
'** dirum ed. princ. durum cdd. fortasse divum
*52 clam rcgem Escorial. Bern., 83 clam egem Gen.
clamoris regem Lu.G. clamaris Bothe {fortasse recte)
clamarim Voss. auferre ab regina occupo puerum cdd.
puerum auferre a. r. o. Ribb. auferre p. a. r. o. Bothe
PLAYS
648-9
Nonius : ' Dulcitas,' ' dulcitudo,' for ' dulcedo ' . . . —
How pleasant is the sound of tongue that speaks I
O sweetness of their breath who breathe as one !
650
Procne scorns all fear of the gods :
Nonius : ' Sanctitudo ' for ' sanctitas ' . . . —
Proc?ie
Here hohness is different, different here
The name and nod of Jupiter.
651
Procne and Philomela have rushed into the palace :
Marius Victorinus ; And next —
Dire wickedness the Attic sisters plot."
652-3
The leader of the chorus {?) will try to rescue the child Itys :
Nonius : ' Occupare ' (forestall in seizing) properly means
to come before ... —
But if, the king unknowing, I do not
Take from the queen the boy, forestalling her,
" If this is not invented by Victorinus, it may -well come
from this play. If we read dirum nefas, it may translate
Oelov KdKou, ' a devil of a mischief.'
547
NN 2
ACCIUS
654
Nonius, 425, 23 : ' Ferus ' et ' ferox.' Hanc habent distan-
tiam : ' ferus ' est saevus, ' ferox ' fortis ... —
Nu7itius
Nova advena animo audaci in medium proripit sese
ferox.
655
Nonius, 467, 23 : ' Vagas ' pro vagaris ... —
Famae nam nobilitas late ex stirpe praeclara evagat.
THEBAIS
656-7
Nonius, 144, 12 : * Nitidant,' abluunt, dictum a nitore . . .
Accius Thebaide —
Quin ad Dircaeum fontem adveniunt ; mundulae
nitidantur ungulae quadripedantum sonipedum.
^^* nova advena W novus nova dabunt advena Harl.
Par. 7667 Escorial (novus novod Lu.G.) novus novod
avunculo a. Ribb. novo habitu Mercier nova dabit
Bothe novo de latibulo Buecheler nova dabunt seclud.
Mr.
^5' famae nam Grotius f eminam Mr. fanam nam cdd.
®5* quin ad W qui ubi ad Bothe dein ad Voss.
Dircaeum fontem Voss. Dircaeo fonte Delrio quin
id circeo (idcirco Flor. 3) fonte cdd. adveniunt G.
advenient rell. mundulae cdd. mundule Voss.
^" ungulae Onions unglae (vel bigae) co7ii. Buecheler
iugulos vel iugula Ribb. pulvere Voss. \Tilgo cdd.
fortasse adveniunt . . . | ungulae nitidantur vulgo
" This seems to me the right context; but the beginning
of the fr. is corrupt.
PLAYS
654
The deed is done ; how Philomela " heljped :
Nonius : ' Ferus ' and ' ferox.' These have the following
difference between them : ' ferus ' means cruel, ' ferox ' (fierce)
valiant ... —
Messenger
The strange ^ newcomer, fierce and bold of heart,
Thrusts herself forth into the midst.
Unplaced fragment :
655
Nonius : ' Vagas ' for ' vagaris ' . . . —
For fame's ^ renown goes marching far and wide
If sprung from an illustrious stock.
A TALE OF THEBES
656-7
Nonius : ' Nitidant,' they wash clean ; derived from ' nitor '
. . . Accius in A Tale of Thebes — '^
But when to the fountain of Dirce they come,
The hoofs o' the horses, whose four feet go
thumping
Full gallop, are washed clean and neat.
* I conjecture advena to be feminine here (cp. Prob., ap.
G.L., IV, 3, 11 and 7, 1), but there is no parallel example
(cf. Prise, ap. G,L., II, 195, 22-3).
' Or ' for his fame's renown, since it is sprung . . . '
'' This single fr. is corrupt and the allusion is not known;
but the fr. may have come in a narrative which told how the
host of the Seven, encamped by the spring Dirce, prepared for
sacrifices before crossing the river Ismenus. The sacrifices
were unfavourable, and Amphiaraus did not wish the Argives
to cross (cp. Aesch., Sept. c. Th., 271 ff., 378-9). The play
has been thought to be the same as Phoenissae, pp. 524 ff . Cf .
R., 475.
549
ACCIUS
TROADES
This play may liave been the same as Astyanax (see pp.
370 fif.) ; the title Troades would thus be taken from the chorus,
like the title of Plwenissae (pp. 524 flf.). All our fragments of
658
Servius auct., ad Aen., I, 179 : ' Et torrere parant fiammis
et frangere saxo.' Quidam, ne varepov -nporepov sit, alios
torrere alios frangere aecipiunt. Accius Troadibus —
Nocturna saxo fruges frendas torridas.
Cp. Xon., 447, 24 (saxo f. f.).
659-60
Priscianus ap. G.L., II, 210, 15 : Hoc cornu genu tonitru,
quae tamen antiquissimi inveniuntur in -um quoque pro-
ferentes in eodem genere . . . (212, 1) . . . —
Sed utrum terraene motus sonitusne inferum
pervasit aures inter tonitra et turbineis ?
^5^ nocturna saxo Scriverius nee fume faxo Ribb.
noctumam saxo cd. fortasse noctu urna frendas Non.
franges Serv. auct.
^^^ terraene Buecheler terrai Mr. terrae cdd. (sed
utrum dubium est terrae Halh.)
8«o tonitr * Halh. tonitru Halb. 2 tonit * * Bamh.
tonitrua Bamb. 2 turbines cdd. praet. Far. 7496, Carolir.
(turbinis)
550
PLAYS
WOMEN OF TROY
Astyanax come from Nonius, who quotes directly from that
play; his single quotation from Troades is apparently taken
by him at second hand. R., 416-418
658
Servius supplemented, on ' And they made ready to parch
over the flames and break with stones ' in Virgil : Some take
the sense to be some parch, others break, to avoid a ' hysteron
proteron.' Accius in Women of Troy —
Grind you by night parched grain with stone.
659-60
Priscianus : We say ' cornu,' ' genu,' ' tonitru,' neuter
singular; nevertheless, we find the most archaic writers in-
flecting these nouns from a nominative -um also in the same
gender ... —
But is it earthquakes or a bellowing
Of dead in hell that through my ears has passed
Amidst the thunderclaps and hurricanes ? "
" Possibly from a scene at the sacrifice of Polyxena at the
command of Achilles' ghost (cp. Seneca, Tro., 181 ff.).
5S'
ACCIUS
FABULAE
PRAETEXTAE
AENEADAE
SIVE
DECIUS
This play dealt with the self-sacrifice of Decius Mus, after
the example of his father, at the Battle of Sentinum against
the Samnites and the Gauls in 295 B.C. (Livy, X, 27 fif. ;
Polyb., II, 19). R., 594ff.
The third Samnite War, which broke out in 298, reached a
crisis in 296 when the Samnite general Gellius Egnatius
planned a triple assault of Samnites, Etruscans, and Gauls
on Rome. No decisive struggle was fought in this year, but
the Romans appointed Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus
and Publius Decius Mus to be consuls. The Etruscans failed
to support Gellius, and the Samnites and Gauls retreated over
1
Nonius, 483, 40 : ' Tumulti ' pro tumultus . . . Accius
Aeneadis sive Decio —
Nihil neque pericli neque tumulti est, quod sciam.
2-3
Nonius, 22, 10 : ' Gliscit ' est congelascit et colligitur vel
crescit vel ignescit ... —
Fahius
Dice, summa ubi perduellum est ? Quorsum aut
quibus a partibus
gliscunt ?
2 dice Ribb. die Grotius vis Voss. summa
Ribb. de summatibus perduellum coni. Linds. di-
eumma tibi p. cdd. ubi Grotius ibi Bothe est ibi
p. Voss. quorsum vel quosum Bothe quorum cdd.
quibus a Voss. quibus se a cdd. se seclud. Gulielmus
quibus ex coni. Ribb.
552
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN ROMAN DRESS
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN
ROMAN DRESS
SONS OF AENEAS
OR
DECIUS
the Apennines, pursued by the Roman consuls. The two
armies met near Sentinum in 295 ; Fabius on the right wing
steadily drove back the Samnites, but on the left the war-
chariots of the Gauls scattered the Roman cavalry. Decius
Mus, mindful of his father's sacrifice, devoted himself and the
hosts of the enemy to the powers below and was himself killed
by the Gauls. But his soldiers recovered themselves, and,
with the aid of reserves sent up by Fabius, the battle was
saved. The Samnites and the Gauls were now routed by
Rome's Campanian cavalrj', Gellius was slain, and victory
remained with the Romans.
1
Shortly before daybreak a scout reports that all is still :
Nonius : ' Tumulti ' for ' tumultus ' . . . Accius in Sorts
of Aeneas, or Decius —
There's no danger, nor no tumult that I know of.
2-3
Fabius questions a deserter of Clusium : •*
Xonius : ' Gliscit ' (swells up, masses) means congeals and
is massed together ; or grows ; or takes fire ... —
Fahius
Where's the main body of the foe ? Inform me.
To what point and from what parts mass their
numbers ?
'^ Livy, X, 27, 4 (three deserters from Clusium).
553
ACCIUS
4-5
Nonius, 224, 6 : ' Sanguis ' . . . neutro ... —
Vim Gallicam obduc contra in acie exercitum ;
lue patrum hostili fuso sanguen sanguine.
6-7
Nonius, 185, 20 : ' Verruncent ' id est vertant ... —
Livius
Te sancte venerans precibus invicte invoco
portenta ut populo patriae verruncent bene.
8
Nonius, 174, 22 : ' Segnitas ' pro segnitia ... —
Livius
Et nunc —
Decius
Quo dcorum segnitas ?
Livius
— ardet focus.
* aciem ed. priTic., an recte ?
^ patrum cdd. reparatum Neukirch patrium Bothe
fuso cdd. fusum Aid.
* et nunc q. d, s. a. f. cdd. quot eorum Heinsius quo
eorum coni. Linds. quae eorum {vd deorum) Fruter.
segnitate lun. tardet focos Onions tardet opus Bergk
ardet locus Lips
554
HISTORICAI> PLAYS IN ROMAN DRESS
4-5
Fabius orders Decius to take the left wing :
Nonius : ' Sanguis ' ... in a neuter form ... —
Against '^ the Gallic force lead on your troops
In battle-line ; atone our fathers' ^ blood
By bloodshed of our foes.
6-7
A priest, Marcus Livius, conducts a sacrifice and prayer, after
the omen ' of the hind and the wolf :
Nonius : ' Verruncent,' that is, ' vertant ' . . . —
Livius
Thee I invoke, imploring thee in prayer,
Holy, unconquerable ; let the portents be
Deep rooted, for my people and my country,
In fortune fair.
8
In the case of Decius, the omens are not wholly favourable :
Nonius : ' Segnitas ' for ' segnitia ' . . . —
Livius
And now —
Decius
Whither tends this slackness of the gods ?
Livius
— The hearth is blazing.
" In this case contra comes after its accusative. But the
words may be taken from some speech of Gellius ordering the
Gallic chief to lead his Gauls against the Roman Army.
'' Or read patrium, ' your father's . . .'
- For this, cf. Livy, X, 27, 8-9. Cp.^ R., 597. The real
meaning of verrunco is not known, but it is something much
stronger than verto.
555
ACCIUS
9
Nonius, 257, 53 : ' Callet ' significat soit ... —
Fabius
quod periti sumus in vita at que usu callemus magis.
10
Nonius, 123, 12 : ' Ignavavit,' id est ignavum fecit ... —
Decius
Fateor, sed saepe ignavavit fortem ex spe expectatio.
Cp. Non., 126, 17.
11-12
Nonius, 139, 22 : ' Minitabi liter ' pro minaciter ... —
Chorus
. . . Caleti voce canora
fremitu peragrant minitabiliter.
13
Nonius, 504, 30 : ' Sonit ' pro sonat ... —
Clamore et gemitu templum resonit caelitum.
' quod cdd. quo Onions
No7i., 123 : ignavit cdd. 122, 126 ignavavit Buecheler
fecit aW. 123 facit cc?(/. 126
1" ignavavit Buecheler ignavit cdd. 123 ignabat
cdd. 126
" Caleti Ribb. calleti cdd. (iallei Lips calles
laeti Buecheler
556
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN ROMAN DRESS
An indecisive haitle follows. Debate between Decius and
Fabius, who claims the greater experience :
Nonius : ' Callet ' (is thick-skinned, hardened) means
knows ... —
Fabius
Because we're skilled in life, and by experience
Are hardened more than others.
10
Retort of Decius, who decides to attach :
Nonius : ' Ignavavit,' that is, has made ' ignavus ' . . .
Decius
I do confess it ; yes, but hope that 's hope
Deferred " has oft dispirited strong men.
11-12
Advance of the Gauls :
Nonius : ' Minitabiliter ' for ' minaciter ' . . . —
Chorus
Hooting with songful voices threateningly
March ^ the Caleti . . .
13
The fighting :
Nonius : ' Sonit ' for * sonat ' . . . —
With shouts and groans resounds the heavenly
precinct.^
" Notice the jingle ex spe expectatio, literally 'expectation
arising out of hope.'
* peragro, ' I traverse.' The direct object is missing.
« sc. the sky.
557
ACCIUS
14
Nonius, 98, 10 : ' Devorare,' absumere, ehpere ... —
Decius
Patrio exemplo et me dicabo atque animam devoro
hostibus.
15
Nonius, 75, 1 : ' Adauctavit,' auxit ... —
quibus rem summam et patriam nostram quondam
adauctavit pater.
16
Nonius, 200, 34 ; ' Castra ' generis sunt neutri. Femi-
nini ... —
Castra haec vestra est.
Fabius
Optume essis meritus a nobis.
Non., 98 : Devoro Onions devorare a. e. cdd. {seclnd.
absumere eripere velut gloss. Onions)
^' vestra cdd. vestrum Ribb. escis Bothe alii
alia essis cdd. fortasse est is
" Unless we read devovere, we must assume that Nonius
mistakes devoro (= devovero from devoveo) for devdro or for
the present tense of a verb devoro, which does not exist.
558
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN ROMAN DRESS
14
Decius will sacrifice himself as his father did at the Battle of
Mount Vesuvius (340 B.C.) .*
Nonius : ' Devorare ' (swallow up),* to consume, tear
away ... —
Decius
As did my father, I too will dedicate
Myself and sacrifice my life to foes.
15
Decius asks Livius to recite to him the form of words used
his father :
Nonius : * Adauctavit ' (enlarged), increased ... —
With which my father once
Enlarged our country and our commonwealth.
16
The Romans have defeated the enemy :
Nonius : ' Castra ' is a word of the neuter gender.
Feminine ... —
?
This camp is yours.
Fabius
Passing well will you ^ have deserved of us.
* sc. Decius apostrophised ? I accept essis of the cdd.
because old Latin shows the form -essint for -erunt.
559
ACCIUS
BRUTUS
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, king of Rome, at the height
of prosperity, was worried by certain prodigies which boded
trouble for him. But the most definite omen, which foretold
that Lucius Junius Brutus (whom all thought to be stupid)
would reign at Rome after Tarquin, passed unnoticed. While
he was besieging Ardea, Tarquin was further troubled by a
dream which, according to the soothsayers, foretold that Rome
would soon become a commonwealth. During the siege,
Tarquin's sons and their cousin Tarquinius Collatinus visited
their homes to test the virtue of their wives. At Collatia
they found Collatinus' wife Lucretia spinning with her hand-
maidens, and Sextus, burning with lust for her, outraged her
17-38
Cicero, de Div., I, 22, 44 : Cuius nam modi est Superbi
Tarquini somnium ? De quo in Bruto Acci loquitur ipse —
Tarquinius
Quoniam quieti corpus nocturno impetu
dedi sopore placans art us languidos,
visust in somnis pastor ad me adpellere
pecus lanigerum eximia pulchritudine ; 20
duos consanguineos arietes inde eligi
praeclarioremque alteram inmclare me.
Deinde eius germanum cornibus conitier,
in me arietare, eoque ictu me ad casum dari.
Exin prostratum terra, graviter saucium, 25
resupinum in caelo contueri maximum ac
mirificum facinus : dextrorsum orbem flammeum
radiatum solis liquier cursu novo.
^^ quoniam cdd. quom iam vulgo
^* visust Lambinus visus est cd. Leid. Heins. visum
est rdl, pastorem Orelli
20-21 praecedit 21 in cdd. ; transpos. Muret
560
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN ROMAN DRESS
BRUTUS
by night. When Lucretia had told her story and killed
herself, Brutus threw off his pretended stupidity, and agreed
to help Collatinus in avenging her. Under Brutus' guidance
the people of Collatia resolved to renounce Tarquin and all his
house. Lucretia's body was escorted to Rome; Brutus,
who was tribunus celerum, told the people of the outrage, and
Tarquin and his family were banished. Brutus returned to
Ardea, and gained the support of the army, but Tarquin
found Rome closed against him. Brutus and Collatinus
became the first consuls at Rome, where a republic was now
set up.
17-38
KiTig Tarquin' s dream :
Cicero : What manner of dream was that of Tarquin the
Proud ? He himself speaks of it in x4.ccius' Brutus —
Tarquinius
Since at night's onset I duly gave my body to
rest, soothing weary limbs with sleep, I saw a vision
in a dream — a shepherd drove towards me a woolly
flock of surpassing beauty ; two brother-rams were
chosen from among them, and I sacrificed the nobler of
the two. Then its own brother butted with its horns,
and rammed at me, and with that blow I was brought
to a fall ; then thrown on the ground and sorely
hurt, as I lay on my back I saw in the sky a thing most
mighty and most wonderful — the sun's flame-beaming
orb melted away to the right hand in a new course.
25 terrae Parens in terra Kayser terra cdd. (terga
Erl.)
561
VOL. II. 00
ACCIUS
Eius igitur somni a coniectoribus quae sit interpretatio facta
videamus —
Vales
Rex, quae in vita iisurpant homines, cogitant curant
vident
quaeque agunt vigilantes agitantqiie, ea si cui in
somno accidunt 30
minus mirum est, sed di in re tanta haut temere
inprovisa ofFerunt.
Proin vide ne quern tu esse hebetem deputes aeque
ac pecus
is sapientia munitum pectus egregie gerat,
teque regno expellat ; nam id quod de sole ostentum
est tibi,
populo conmutationem rerum portendit fore 35
perpropinquam. Haee bene verruncent populo !
Nam quod ad dexteram
cepit eursum ab laeva signum praepotens, pul-
cherrume
auguratum est rem llomanam publicam summam
fore.
39
\'arro, L.L., VI, 7 : Inter vcsperuginem et iubar dicta ' nox
intempesta,' ut in Bruto Accii quod dicit Lucretia —
Lucretia
Nocte intempesta nostram devenit domum.
Cp. Varr., L.L., VII, 72.
^^ mirum Manutius mirandum cdd. {servat Chiist, qui
scclud. sed) sed di in re tanta W (di rem tantam Neukirch)
sed in re tanta cdd. inprovisa W invisa Hottinger
nproviso cdd. offerunt cdd. pier. se o. Cantabr.
^* quod ad dexteram cdd. q. dexterum Voas.
562
HISTORICAL PLAYS IN ROMAN DRESS
Well then, let us see what interpretation was put upon that
dream by the diviners —
Seer
O king, it is no wonder that what men do and see,
think, and worry over in their daily lives, their acts
and plans of waking hours, happen again to any man
in sleep. But in this miracle, there must be some
reason why the gods offer you something new and
strange. Take care then, lest the man who you
think is as dull as any sheep, bears a heart notably
fortified with wisdom; take care lest he thrust
you out of your domains. For the prodigy of the
sun that was revealed to you portends that for your
people a change of their affairs is very near. May
all this be rooted in good fortune for the people !
For inasmuch as that Most Powerful Star took course
from left towards the right, it was thus most favour-
ably foretold that the Roman state would be supreme.
39
Lucretia tells how she was outraged :
Varro : ' Dead of dismal night ' is a term used of the time
between the shining of the evening-star and sunrise, like the
example spoken by Lucretia in Accius' Brutus — "
Lucretia
At dead of dismal night
He came unto our home.
" There need be little doubt about this fr.; Cassii and
Cassium in Varro's two passages would be mistakes of a copier.
^2 egregie Bothe egregium cdd.
^^ dexteram vel sim. odd. dexterum Voss.
Varro, L.L., VI, 7 : Accii Vettori, S Cai Canter, T
cassii cdd. VI, 7 apud cassium cdd. VII, 72
563
00 2
ACCIUS
40
Cicero, pro iSestio, 58, 123 : Nominatim sum appellatus in
Bruto —
Tullius, qui libertatem civibus stabiliverat.
Miliens revocatum est.
Cp. Schol. Bob., ad loc.
41
Varro, L.L., V, 80 : Consul nominatus qui consuleret
populum et senatum, nisi illinc potius unde Accius ait in
Bruto —
. . . Qui recte consulat, consul siet.
EX INCERTIS FABULIS
1-4
Schol. Bern., ad Verg., G., I, 502 : Accius docet —
luppiter Dardanum genuit, Dardanus Troum, Trous
Assaracuni et Hum Catamitumque ; [1]
Capis ex Assaraco satus ... 2
Alumento ex Ilo satus qui statuit Pergaraum ; 3
Alumento Priamum, Capis et Anchisem edidit. 4
*^ siet Niebuhr cluat Palmer {Spic.) fuat Augustin.
fiat Par. c 7535 cia Par. a 7489 ciat rell.
Schol. Bern. : Catamitum Ritschl Ganymedem schol.
^ lacun. post satus stat. Hagen
- Alumento Ritschl Laomedon schol.
^ Priamum Capis et W Priamum Capis autem Ribb.
sec. Ritschl (Capus a. A.) Priamum et schol. senarios
coristit. Hagen, Ribb. Pro cert, habeo Capis ex Assaraco
e. q. 8.
564
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
40
A reference to King Servius TuUitbs :
Cicero : I was mentioned by name in Brutus — "
Tullius,
Who for the citizens had made freedom firm,
This was encored hundreds of times.
41
Creation of the Republic at Rome. The consuls :
Varro : ' Consul.' So named because he was to consult
the people and the senate, imless it be derived rather from the
idea according to which Accius says in Brutus —
Let him who may give counsel right be ' consul.'
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
(A) From Prologues ?
The genealogy of' Aeneas ? :
1-4
A scholiast : Accius informs us that —
Jupiter begat Dardanus, Dardanus begat
Trous, Trous begat Assaracus and Ilus and
Ganymede ; Capys was son of Assaracus . . .
Alumento was son of Ilus, who founded
Pergamum; Alumento begat Priamus, while
Capys was Anchises' father.
« Of Accius, as the Schol, Bob. shows.
* This fr. might come from Antenoridae (p. 354), or some
other of the plays about Troy. The Scholiast has not given
an exact quotation of Accius' verse here. Cf. Ribb., Trag.
Fragm., p. 220.
565
ACCIUS
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 321, 24 : Vetustissimi ... hie et
haec et hoc ops et cops pro opulentus et copiosus proferebant.
Accius de Hercule dicens —
. . . quorum genitor fertur esse ops gentibus.
pro ' opem ferens et auxilium.'
Cicero, Tusc. Disp., I, 44, 105 : Melius Accius et aliquando
sapiens Achilles —
Immo enim vero corpus Priamo reddidi, Hectora
abstuli.
7
Rufinus, ap. G.L., VI, 556, 7 : Varro in VII : — ' Clausulas '
quoque primum appellatas dicunt quod clauderent sen-
tentiam ut apud Accium —
An haec lam obliti sunt Phryges ?
8-9
Eur., Rhes., 535-6 aws St) iriXas aws 1 yiyverai,
Varro, L.L., VII, 83 : Apud Accium —
lamque Auroram rutilare procul
cerno,
aurora dicitur ante solis ortum ab eo quod ab igni solis turn
aureo aer aurescat.
" Hectora Nieberding (c/. Ace, ' de Orthographia?' p. xxiii)
Hectorem cdd. Cic.
' trib. ' EpinausJ' Ribb.
** In Epinausimache ? (R., 361).
* sc. of the Lingua Laiina where, in the extant portion,
there is no such remark of Varro. Either Rufinus or his text
566
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
5
Priscianus : The oldest writers . . . used to say ' ops '
(wealth; help) and 'cops,' in all genders, for ' opulentus '
and ' copiosus.' Accius referring to Hercules —
men whose father, it is said, is help to all the world.
Here 'ops' means bringing 'ops' and assistance.
(B) From plays about Troy :
6
Achilles on the death of Hector :
Cicero : A better effect is gained by Accius '^ and his
Achilles, a man at last in his senses —
No no I It is a corpse that I have rendered
To Priam ; Hector I have taken from him.
7
The Trojans :
Rufinus : Varro in the seventh book : ^ They say that
' clausulae were originally so called because they ' close ' a
thought, for instance in a passage of Accius —
Have the Phrygians forgotten this already ?
8-9
dairni : "
Varro : In a passage of Accius —
and now I see daybreak reddening far off,
' aurora,' as a term applied to the time just before sunrise,
is derived from the fact that from the sun"s fire, then golden,
the air ' becomes coloured like gold,' aurescit.
may be wrong; but our text of Varro's seventh book is
defective at the beginning.
" One is certainly reminded of a passage spoken by the
chorus in Euripides' Rhesus (see opposite page), but the fr.
cannot be attributed to ' The Night- Alarm ' (see pp. 488 ff.) with
any certamtv. (R., 366-7.)
ACCIUS
10
Festus, 568, 1 : <' Vastum,' praemagnum. Poniturtamen
et pro inani> . . . Accius —
lam hanc urbem ferro vastam faciet Peleus.
Cp. Paul, ex F., 569, 1.
11
Soph., Philocl., 220-1 rtVe? ttot' ig yrjv T'^vSe vavrtXu)
TrXaTTj
Kareax^r' ovr' evopfxov out' olkov-
fx4v7]v ;
Servius, ad Aen., I, 122 : ' Hiems ' duas res significat, aut
tempus aut vim venti, [Serv. auct.) per quam oritur tem-
pestas . . . Accius —
Unde estis, nautae, hue hieme delati ?
12-13
Varro, L.L., VII, 19 : Acci—
mystica ad dextram vada
praetervecti,
myatica a mysteriis, quae ibi in propinquis loeis nobilia fiunt.
14-15
Cicero, de Nat. Deor., HI, 16, 41 : Quoinodo nunc quidera
est, non video quo pacto ille cui —
... in monte Oetaeo illatae lampades
fuerunt, ut ait Accius —
... in domum aeternam patris
ex illo ardore pervenerit.
Fest. 568 : suppl. ex Paul.
S68
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
10
Achilles at Troy :
Festus : ' Vastum ' very big ; it is none the less put also
for empty . . . Accius —
Now will the son of Peleus lay waste
This city with the sword.
(C) Three fragments from ' Philocteta ' ? :
11
Servius : ' Hiems ' can express two things — either a season,
or the winds' violence ; the augmenter of Servius adds :
through which a storm rises . . . Accius — "
Whence were you, mariners,
Brought hither to shore by wintriness ?
12-13
Varro : In Accius' phrase —
Carried past the mystic waters ^
That lay on the right hand,
' mystic ' is derived from ' mysteries ' ; famous mysteries are
celebrated there in places near by.
14-15
Cicero : As our information stands at present I do not see
in what manner the hero against whose body were —
flaming firebrands on mount Oeta piled
as Accius <= writes, was ever able to pass from that burning
heat so as to reach —
... his father's everlasting home '^
« Possibly in Phinidae (R., 541-2).
^ These were perhaps the waters round Samothrace,
Lemnos, or Imbros, where the Cabiri were worshipped in
Mysteries.
" In a play Heraclidae, suggests Ribbeck.
'^ Possibly from a passage telling how Philoctetes witnessed
the burning of Hercules.
ACCIUS
16-17
Servius auct., ad Aen., 1, 42 : De lunonis fulmine Accius
ait —
praefervidoque fulgure
ardor iniectus lunonis dextera ingenti incidit.
18
Cicero, de Off., Ill, 21, 84 : Possunt . . . cuiquam esse
utiles angores, sollicitudines, diurni et noctiimi metus, vita
insidiarum periculorumque plenissima ? —
Multi iniqui atque infideles regno, pauci benivoli ;
inquit Accius. At cui regno ? Quod a Tantalo et Pelope
proditum iure obtinebatur.
19-21
Cicero, de Nat. Deor., Ill, 38, 90 : Ferretne civitas ulla
latorera istius modi legis ut condemnaretur filius aut nepos si
pater aut avus deliquisset ? —
Quinam Tantalidarum internecioni modus
paretur, aut quaenam umquam ob mortem Myrtili
poenis luendis dabitur satias supplici ?
Cp. Charis., ap. G.L., I, 91, 8.
16-17 praefervidoque fulgure Buecheler fulguri prae-
fervido Ribb. praefervido fulgore cdd. dextera
Buecheler dextra cdd. praefervido | fulgore a. i. I.
dextra i. i. {fortasse recte) et trib. ' Clj/t.' Bcrgk
^* benivoli sunt Bern, c boni sunt rell. sunt boni
Lambinus benevoli (om. sunt) Stncrenburg
i»-20 modus paretur Cic. modus sit Charis,
570
UXASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
(D) From plays on the troubles of Atreus' house.
16-17
From ' Clytaemnestra ' ? :
Servius supplemented : On Juno's thunderbolt Accius
■writes —
And fire from burning lightning cast by Juno's
mighty hand
Fell upon him.'*
18
From ' Clytaemnestra ' or ' Pelops' Sons ' or ' Atreus ' ? :
Cicero : Can any man have a use for worry, anxieties, fears
by day and fears by night, and a life very full of plots and
perils ? Says Accius —
Many there are unfriendly and unfaithful
Unto the kingdom ; fe^y who wish it well ;
But what kingdom ? One which, handed down by Tantalus
and Pelops, was rightfully held in possession.
19-21
From ' Atreus ' or ' Pelops^ Sons ' or ' Oenomaus ' ? :
Cicero : Would any state tolerate the mover of a law of
that kind whereby it should be ordained that a son or grandson
be condemned for the wrongdoing of a father or a grand-
father ?—
WTiat limit, pray, could be de\dsed to stay
Tantalus' grandsons from a general slaughter ?
And what sufficiency of punishment
Shall e'er pay penalty for Myrtilus' death? ^
" sc. Ajax, son of Odeus ? cf. Clytaemnestra, p. 409. But
Ajax had offended not Juno but Athena.
^ On Myrtilus, see the play Oetwmaus, p. 495.
57?
ACCIUS
22-4
Varro, L.L., VII, 14 : Quod est apud Accium —
Pervade polum, splendida miindi
sidera binis continuis sex
picti spoliis ;
polus Graecum; id significat circum caeli.
25-6
Nonius, 473, 6 : ' Labasco ' pro labor. Accius —
Nullum est ingenium tantum neque cor tarn ferum
quod non labascat lingua, mitiscat nialo.
27
Festus, 388, 12 : ' Repudium ' Verrius ait dictum quod fit
ob rem pudendam. Accius —
Repudio eiecta ab Argis iamdudum exsulo.
28
Festus, 120, 4 : ' Muiidus ' etiam mulieris ornatus dicitur
. . . Accius —
. . . cum virginali mundo clam pater
29
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 169, 6 : Hie et haec . . . latex
Accius —
. . . non calida latice lautus.
23 binis Bothe bigis odd. continuis s. p. (saepti olim)
8. Ribb. (c. s. apti s. Bothe) c. s. addita signis 0. Mr.
c. s. apti signis 8 continui se cepit spoliis Flor., Haun.,
contini s. c. s. Goth. continui s. coepit s. Par. a 7489
continuis spoliis se cepit Par h 6142 irih. ' Prom.'' Ribb.
"-0 trih. ' Prom.' Ribb.
27 trib. ' Prom.' Ribb.
28 pater cdd. patre Ursinus
20-31 trib. 'Epinaus.' Ribb.
572
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
(E) From ' Prometheus ' ? :
22-4
Varro : In this passage in a play of Accius —
Pass thou through the vault of heaven,
Through the shining constellations
Of the universe all painted
With twice six spoils ° in a row ;
' polus ' is a Greek word and it means the circuit of the sky.
25-6
Nonius : ' Labasco ' for ' labor.' Accius — ^
There is no soul so strong, no heart so fierce
As not to waver under spoken words
And grow mild through misfortune.
(F) From ' lo' ?
27
Festus : ' Repudium ' is said by Verrius to be a term
derived from the fact that it comes about because of some ' res
pudenda.' Accius —
Cast out from Argos in divorcement's shame
I am long since an exile.
(G) Various fragments :
28
Festus : ' Mundus ' (finery) is a term also used of a
woman's toilet . . . Accius — '^
the father secretly in maiden's finery
29
Priscianus : ' Latex,' both masculine and feminine . . .
Accius has it in the feminine —
not in warm water washed.
" Spoken possibly by Prometheus. But this fr. is corrupt.
" Perhaps in Philocteta (R., 392).
<= In Armorum Judicium (if we read patre) ? Achilles on his
intrigue with Deidameia when he was disguised as a maiden
(R., 371)?
573
ACCIUS
30-1
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 385, 22 : Accius quitus sum ponit
pro quivi, hoc modo —
nam neque pretio neqiie amicitia neque vi impelli
neque prece
quitus sum.
32
Festus, 430, 6 : Sos<pes . . . significat apud> omnes
fere au<ctores salvum; sic> . . . Acc<ius, . . .> —
<(si) rite ad patri<(am sospes rediis)>set <(suam),
33-4
Cicero, OraL, 46, 156 : ' Duorum rirorum iudicium ' aut
' trium virorum capitalium ' aut ' decemvirorum stlitibus iudi-
candis' dice numquam. Atqui dixit Accius —
Video sepulchra duo duorum corporum
Idemque — •
Mulier una duum virorum.
35-6
\'arro, L.L., VII, 88 ; Quod enim fit rite, id ratum ac rectum
est. Ab eo Accius —
Recte perfectis sacris
volt accipi.
37
Nonius, 234, 37 : ' Aptum ' rursum conexum et colligatum
significat. . . . Accius f demer hinc f —
. . . colomen alte geminis aptum cornibus.
^" neque poH nam add. edd.
^2 suppl. Ursin.
Non., 234 : Accius * * * * idem Erigona Kiessling Accius
Medea coni. Linds. Accius Decio olim Ribb. Accius
Demetrio Aid. fortasse Accius Diomede hinc
^' alte Ribb. alae T ala Gen. Bern. 83 Escorial.
ale Lu.O. fortasse arae
574
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS 01 PLAYS
30-1
Diomedes : Accius puts ' quitus sum ' for ' quivi,' thus —
For not by price or friendship, not by force
Or prayer could I be driven.
32
Festus : ' Sospes ' in the works of nearly all authors means
safe. . . . Accius "... —
If duly he had come back safe and sound
To his native land,
33-4
Cicero : I never use the full genitives ' duorum virorum
indicium ' or ' trium virorum capitalium ' or ' decemvLrorum
stlitibus iudicandis ' ; and yet Accius ^ writes ' duorum ' in —
I see, of corpses two, two sepulchres.
And again ' duum ' virorum —
Of husbands two, one woman.
35-6
Varro : For that which is done ' rite ' is ratified and right.
Hence Accius —
He wishes to be welcomed
With sacrifices well and rightly made.
37
Nonius : ' Aptum ' (attached, fitted) again means tied and
bound up. . . . Accius f — ^
a column on high fitted with twin horns.
" In Minos (R., 567) ? I have adopted the conjectures of
Ursinus, though they do not fill the gaps in Festus' text.
^ Possibly in Aegisthus (R., 467) or Clytaemnestra (R., 462).
* A corrupt fr. May it not describe an altar (read orae?)
on the top of which lies a horned victim ? Or the victim
itself ? Cp. cuhnen as the top of a man's head in Livy, I,
34,9.
575
ACCIUS
38-9
\'arro, L.L., VII, 85 : Apud Accium —
multis nomen
vestrum numenque ciendo
numen dicunt esse imperium.
40
Nonius, 206, 11: ' Frenos ' . . . neutro . . . Accius —
Pars frena tensae at que ori ecjuorum accommodant.
41
Varro, L.L., VII, 50 : ' lugula ' sigiium quod Accius appellat
Oriona cum ait —
Citius Orion patescit.
42
Priscianus, ap. G.L.^ II, 386, 11: ' Experta ' passive.
Accius —
Inventa multa expertaque ex hoc sunt bona.
43
Nonius, 305, 2 : ' Ferox sum ' ilia re dicitur ut ilia re sum
fretus vel arrogans . . . Accius —
Neque vi tanta quisquam est neque tarn abundans
fortunis ferox.
44
Cicero, de Fin., IV, 25, 68 : Ex ea difficultate illae —
fallaciloquae malitiae
ut ait Accius, natae sunt.
Cp. Non., 113, 13-16.
*" pars Mercier pari cdd. tensae atque ori Ribb.
tesauri cdd. tersa ori Mercier texta auro ori Bothe
*2 inventa multa Bothe multa inventa cdd. (inventaque
Carolir.) trib. ' Prom.^ Ribb.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS OF PLAYS
38-9
Varro : In a passage of Accius —
By calling on thy name and nod divine
With many a prayer
they say ' numen ' means authority.
40
Xonius : ' Frenos ' ... in the neuter . . . Accius —
Some fitted bit and bridle to the carriage,
And to the horses' mouths.
41
Varro : ' lugula ' (Belt), a constellation which Accius calls
Orion in the phrase —
More swiftly opes Orion.
42
Priscianus : * Experta,' passively. Accius —
Many a blessing has been found to rise
From this, and has been proved by trial.
43
Xonius : ' Ferox ' is used with the verb 'to be ' and an
ablative case like ' fretus ' or ' arrogans ' . . . Accius —
No man is either fierce with violence
So great as that, or overflows so much
With fortune's wealth.
44
ficu
tricky-tongued rogueries
Cicero : That was the difficulty from which arose, in the
words of Accius, those —
** fallaciloquelae {vel siyn.) ut ait Accius malitiae natae sunt
Cic. ex ea difficultate illae fallaciloquentiae Non.
577
VOL. II. P P
ACCIUS
DIDASCALICA «
SIVE
DIDASCALICON LIBRI
This work of Accius dealt with the same subjects as the
Greek hBaaKaXlaL * which aimed at producing chronological
survej^s of playwrights and their plays, with notes on the
most famous actors therein. Accius was the first to attempt
such a survey in Latin, and including under his title details
of wider scope than his Greek models, wrote at least nine books
which were undoubtedly in Sotadic metre (Lachmann, in
Index Led., Berl. Akad., 1849 II) and not, as has been main-
tained, in mixed prose and verse of various metres. They
dealt with various matters concerning the stage-plays of the
LIBER I
Gellius, III, II, 4 : Accius . . . in primo Didascalico levibus
admodum argumentis utitur, per quae ostendi putat Hesiodum
natu priorem : quod Homerus, inquit, cum in principio
carrainis Achillem esse filium Pelei diceret, quis esset Pelcus
non addidit, quam rem procul, inquit, dubio dixisset, nisi ab
Hesiodo iam dictum viderct. De Cy elope itidem, inquit, vel
maxime, quod unoculus fuit, rem tam insignem non praeter-
isset nisi aeque prioris Hesiodi carminibus invulgatum esset.
1-3
Nonius, 341, 23 : ' Mactare.' . . . Accius in Didascalicon
lib. I—
Non., 341 : didascalicon vulg. -co cdcl.
" So in Gell., Praef., 8.
* xopov StSaaK'eiv, to produce a play.
•^ //., I, ] . Homer at any rate would naturally find a ])lace
in Accius' remarks because so many Greek and Roman
tragedies drew from the old epic poems material for their
own plots. The first book may have dealt entirely with epic
poetry as a source for tragedies.
578
RECORDS OF THE STAGE
RECORDS OF THE STAGE
OR
BOOKS OF STAGE-RECORDS
Greeks and of the Romans. So far as we can judge from the
fragments, the work contained much that was not worth
writing, and, as one might expect, possessed little or no merit
as poetry. It was dedicated apparently to one Baebius. For
various views, cf. S. K. Sakellanopoulos, TpaufxaToXoytKo.,
1; G. Hermann, Opusc, 8, 390; J. Madvig, Opusc. 70;
F. Buecheler, Bh. Mus., LXXXV, 410; Hendrickson, .-l?ner.
Journ. Phil, XIX, 303 ff . : Xorden, Bh. Miis., XL VIII, 530;
Immisch, Phil., LXIX, 66 ff . ; Hanler, Wien. Stud., XLI,
176.
BOOK I
The age of Homer :
Gellius : Accius, in the first book of Becords of the Stage, uses
very flimsy arguments by which it is proved (so he thinks)
that Hesiod was born first {sc. before Homer). For, says he,
when Homer at the beginning *" of his poem had occasion to
tell how Achilles was a son of Peleus, he did not go on to say
who Peleus was. This information, says Accius, he would
without any doubt have given us, if he had not seen that it
had been given already by Hesiod.'' And again, he says, in
describing the Cyclops, Homer would not have failed to make
particular mention of so important a detail as the fact that the
monster was one-eyed, if his predecessor Hesiod had not
already made ^ it common knowledge, through his poems, just
as much as the forrner example.
1-3
Achilles' gift to Nestor : f
Nonius : ' Mactare,' , . . Accius in the first book of Becords
of the Stage —
^ Fr. 102 Rzach. « Theog., 142 (143).
/ Horn., //., XXIII, 615 ff.
579
ACCIUS
. . . sapientiaeque invictae
gratia atque honoris patera Nestorem mactavit
aiirea.
Nonius, 514, 20 : ' Ininiiciter.' Accius Didascalicorum
lib. 1—
placare ferocem hostem inimiciterque accensum.
Gellius, VI, 9, 16 : L. Accius in Sotadicorum lib. I sciciderat
dicit. Verba haec sunt —
Num ergo aquila ita ut hice praedicant sciciderat
pectus ?
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., 11, 517, 6.
6-8
Priscianus, ap. G.L., 11, 253, 11 : Eius contrarium est impos
impotis. Accius in I Didascalicon —
falsidica aiidax
gnati mater pessimi, odibilis iiatura inpos
excors et fera.
- patera Nestorem T pater honesto rem cdd.
* ferocem hostera L hostem ferocem cdd.
5 num cd. Reg. Gell. non relL, Prise. noenum Havet
hice Mr. hi cdd. Gell. om. Prise.
« falsidica vel falsifica cdd. (salvifica Carolir.)
8 et fera cdd. ecfera L
580
RECORDS OF THE STAGE
And Nestor, for his wisdom unsurpassed
And his renown, he blessed with a golden platter.
Priam or TelepMis as a suppliant ? :
Nonius : ' Inimiciter.' Accius in the first book of Records
of the Stage —
to appease an enemy
Fierce and unfriendlily enkindled.
Wonderful staying-power of Prometheus when his own liver
had been eaten : <*
Gellius : Lucius Accius in the first book of Sotadics uses
' sciciderat.' His words are as follo.ws —
Surely then
No eagle had riven his breast as these propound ?
6-8
A wicked mother {Medea? Clgtaemnestra?) of a wicked son:
Priscianus : The opposite of 'compos ' is ' impos, impotis.'
Accius in the first book of Records of the Stage —
A woman bold, and of lying tongue,
Not naturally mistress of her moods,
A hateful savage, and a ^Ndtless mother
Of a son most villainous.
" Here Accius surely makes a hit at the treatment by tragic
poets of the sufferings of Prometheus.
581
ACCIUS
LIBER II
9-10
Nonius, 165, 21 : ' Redhostit,' reddit. Accius . . . Dida-
scalicon lib. II —
ut dum bre\dtatem velint consequi verborum
aliter ac sit rellatuni redhostiant responsum.
11-12
Nonius, 178, 20 : ' Temerius ' . . . — •
. . . sed Euripidis qui chores temerius
in fabulis . . .
LIBER VIII
13
Nonius, 194, 14 : Balteus . . . neutro . . . Accius Dida-
scalicon lib. VIII —
actoribus manuleos baltea machaeras.
Varro, L.L., VII, 64 : ' Miraculae ' a miris, id est monstris,
a quo Accius ait personas distortis oribus deformis miriones.
Non., 165 : didascalicon vulg. -co cdd.
" brevitatem v. L v. b. cdd.
1" redhostiant r. Hermann redhostire sponsum cdd.
11 Euripidis cdd. Euripides Madvig sei Euripidi'
q. c. t. incilabit L
1^ <ct> baltea <et> m. L
582
RECORDS OF THE STAGE
BOOK II
9-10
Faults of the ' messengers ' in tragic plays :
Nonius : ' Redhostit,' renders. Accius ... in the second
book of Records of the Stage —
So that, while they wish to attain
Terseness of words, they render a response
That differs from the message given them.
11-12
Euripides wrong in severing the chorus from the action :
Nonius : ' Temerius ' . . . —
. . . but Euripides',
Whose way of putting in the choruses
Into his plays was all too thoughtless . . .
BOOK VIII
13
Stage-gear and costume of actors :
Nonius : ' Balteus ' ... in a neuter form . . . Accius in
the eighth book of Records of the Stage —
sleeves, shoulder-straps, and swords for the actors.
Varro : ^ ' Marvelettes ' is a term derived from ' marvels,'
that is ' monstrosities,' whence, according to Accius, is derived
the term ' marvelosities ' ^ applied to masks misshapen by
their twisted mouths.
* I put this fr. here by conjecture; miraculae were very ugly
harlots.
^ Doubtless applied by Accius to describe some of the comic
masks used for female characters (Pollux, IV, 150-154).
583
ACCIUS
LIBER IX
14-15
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 141, 29 : ' Poematorum ' . . . Accius
. . , Didascalicorum IX —
Nam quam varia sint genera poematorum, Baebi,
quamque longe distincta alia ab aliis, sis, nosce.
16
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 91, 22 : ' Magnificens ' . . .
Accius in IX Didascalicon —
et magnificissimei excelsissimeique honore.
17
Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 220, 9 : ' Statim.' Accius in Dida-
scalicon IX —
Vectigalia egerantur et serventur statim.
EX INCERTIS LIBRIS
18
Diomedes, ap. G.L., I, 385, 22 : Accius quitus sum ponit
pro quivi, hoc modo ... —
unde omnia perdisci ae percipi queuntur.
15 sis add. Mr. at cf. L, Ind. Led. Berl. II, 1849, 7
1^ magnificissimei Hertz magnificissime cdd. excel-
sissimeique Hertz excelsissime, excellentissimique vel sim.
cdd. (excelsissimique Garolir.)
584
RECORDS OF THE STAGE
BOOK IX
14-15
The many types of 'poems :
Charisius : ' Poematoriim,' . . . Accius in the ninth book
of Records of the Stage —
Then learn, dear Baebius, if you please, how varied
The sorts of poems are, and how by far
They differ one from another.
16
Uncertain :
Priscianus : ' Magnificens.' . . . Accius in the ninth book
of Records of the Stage has ' magnificissimei ' and ' excel-
sissimei ' —
and the magnificalest, loftiest too in honour.
17
Charisius : ' Statim.' Accius in the ninth book of Records
of the Stage —
Let the dues ^ be brought out instantly and kept
safe.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
18
Diomedes : Accius puts ' quitus sum ' for ' quivi ' like this
From which the whole thing can be learnt by heart
And apprehended.
"■ Could this mean ' takings,' ' gate-money ' ?
^'' egerantur Mr. egerant L legerant vestra cd.
servantur cd. fruantur B struantur L fortasse rede
585
ACCIUS
Cicero, Brut., 18, 72 : Accius a Q. ]Maximo quintuin consule
captum Tarenti scripsit Livium annis XXX postquam eum
fabulam docuisse et Attious scribit et nos in antiquis com-
mentariis iuvenimus; docuisse autem fabulam annis post XI
C. Cornelio Q. Minucio consulibus ludis luventatis, quos
Salinator Senensi proelio voverat.
19-22
Gellius, III, 3, 1 : Verum esse comperior quod quosdam bene
literatos homines dicere audivi, qui plerasque Plauti comoedias
curiose atque contente lectitarunt, non indicibus Aelii nee
Sedigiti nee Claudii nee Aureli nee Aecii nee Manilii super his
fabulis quae dicuntur ambiguae crediturum sed ipsi Plauto
moribusque ingenii atque linguae eius.
Gellius, III, 3, 9 : Marcus . . . Varro in libro De Comoediis
Plautinis primo Aecii verba haec ponit —
Nam nee Geminei Leones nee Condaliuni nee
Plauti Anus nee Bis Compressa nee Boeotia umquam
fuit, neque adeo Agroeeus neque Commorientes
Maeei Titi.
Cicero, Brut., 64, 229 : Accius isdem aedilibus ait se et
Pacuvium docuisse fabulam, cum ille octoginta, ipse triginta
annos natus esset.
i» lenones Prise, ap. G.L., II, 231, 21.
" 209 B.C. Accius confused this occasion with the victory
at Tarentum in 272 B.C.
''197 B.C. Livius really produced his first play in 240 B.C.
" Livius Salinator after the defeat of Hasdrubal at the
Metaurus river near Sena Gallica in 207 b.c.
586
RECORDS OF THE STAGE
On the career of Livius Andronicus ; a blunder of Accius :
Cicero : According to Accius, Livius was taken prisoner at
Tarentum by Quintus Maximus in his fifth consulship ; " this
is thirty years after the time when, according to a statement
of Atticus and to what we find in archaic memoirs, Livius
produced his first play. And Accius states that Livius
produced his first play eleven years after, in the consulship ''
of Gains Cornelius and Quintus Minucius, at the games in
honour of Youth which Salinator '^ had vowed in the battle of
Sena.*^
19-22
On the genuine plays of PI a ut us :
Gellius : I am convinced of the truth of a statement made
by certain well-lettered men (who have read and re-read care-
fully and closely most of Plautus' plays) that, in the matter of
those plays which are called ' doubtful ' they will believe,* not
in the title-lists drawn up by Aelius or Sedigitus or Claudius
or Aurelius or Accius or Manilius, but in Plautus himseK and
his customars' turns of thought and diction.
Gellius again : Marcus Varro in the first book of his work
on The Cotnedies of Plautus quotes these words of Accius —
For Plautus was never the author of The Trvin
Lions f or The Slave s Ring or The Old Crone or Twice
Raped or The Boeotian Lass ; nor again was Titus
Maccius the author of TheYokel or The Dying Churns.^
On Pacuvius, and on Accius himself :
Cicero : Accius says that when these same '' were aediles
both he and Pacuvius produced a play, at the time when
Pacuvius was eighty years old and he himself was thirty.
'^ On the whole question cf. Schanz-Hosius, Gesch. d. Rom.
Lit., I, 48.
* crediturum is apparently an archaic usage for credituros.
f Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 31, 21, gives this title as ' Gemini
Lenones,' ' Twin Bawds.'
9 Based on Diphilus' ILvvaTTodv-qaKovr^s. Varro accepted
all these as plays by Plautus. Cf . Leo, Plaut. Forsch., 32 ff.
* sc. L. Paullus and C. Marcellus, aediles in 140 B.C.
ACCIUS
PRAGMATICA
This work, like the DidascaUca, dealt with the stage and ran
into several books; it was written, however, in septenarii.
(But cf. Havet, Rev. d. Phil. XV, 131.) The term npayfiaTiKd
was normally used in the Roman period to denote the contents
LIBER I
1-2
Nonius, 156, 3 : ' Ponderitatem ' a pondere ut gravitatem.
Accius Pragmaticon lib. I —
et cuncta fieri cetera
inbecilla ob ponderitatem gravitatemque nominis.
EX INCERTIS LIBRIS
3-6
Nonius, 150, 11: ' Perperos,' indoctos, stultos, rudis,
insulsos, mendaces. Accius Pragmaticis —
describere in theatre perperos
popularis.
Idem eodem —
et eo plectuntur poetae quam suo vitio saepius
ductabilitate animi nimia vestra aut perperitudine.
Non., 156: pragmaticon Osann -co cdd.
* ob . . . nominis Madvig non quod . . . hominis cdd.
imbecilla nunc | ob p. Havet
^ et eo cdd. ideo Inn.
588
PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES FOR PLAYWRIGHTS
of a treatise on the right methods of preparing public speeches,
so that here Accius may have discussed the different sorts of
style and diction suitable for stage-plays (cf. Immisch, Philol.,
LXIX, 59 £f.; Norden, Rh. Mus., XLVIII, 531 ff.).
BOOK I
1-2
Nonius: ' Ponderitatem.' From pondus, and used like
* gravitatem.' Accius in the first book of Principles for
Playivright.s —
And all the rest to become feeble stuff
Because of the name's ponderousness and weightiness.
UNASSIGNED FRAGMENTS
3-6
The function of comic poets ; the faults of spectators :
Nonius : ' Perperos,' unlearned, silly, rude, tasteless, liars.
Accius in Principles for Playwrights —
to portray upon the stage
The common crowd of tasteless folk.
The same poet in the same work —
And it's for this that poets get a trouncing,
Through your mind's gullibility or tastelessness
More often than through any fault of theirs.
^ animi add. Onions aut d. nimia Hermann ductei
vilitate n. Quich.
ACCIUS
7
Gellius, XX, 3 : ' Sicinnium ' . . . genus veteris saltationis
fuit. Posuit hoc verbum L. Accius poeta in Pragmaticis
appellarique ait —
scinnistas nebuloso nomine ;
credo propterea nebuloso quod sicinnium cur diceretur
obscurum esset.
ANNALES
1
Festus, 130, 15 : ' Metalli ' dicuntur in lege mUitari quasi
mercennarii. Accius Annali j XXVII —
calones famulique metallique caculaeque ;
quo genere horainum Ca
ictum.
Cp. Paul., ex F., 131, 19.
2-7
Macrobius, S., I, 7, 36 : Apparet Saturnalia vetustiora esse
urbe Romana, adeo ut ante Romam in Graecia hoc sollemne
coepisse L. Accius in Annalibus suis referat his versibus —
Maxima pars Graium Satm-no et maxime Athenae
conficiunt sacra quae Cronia esse iterantur ab illis ;
Gell. : appellarique sicinnistas ait Gell.
Fest., 130 : metalli Fesl., Paul. metelli ed. jninc.
fortasse annali lib. II vel a. 1. VII
" It is clear from Gellius that the Romans did not know
exactly what Accius meant by nehidosum nomen. Accius may
have meant ' dark ' or ' misty ' without any adverse meaning,
but it is also probable that he meant 'nebulosmn^ to convey
some adverse (cp. nebido) implication like our word ' shady.'
Sicinnium meant oLklvvls, a dance of satyrs used in the old
Greek satyr-plays.
590
a quo genere hominum Caeciliae familiae cognoijien putant
ductum.
ANNALS
7
Dancing of obscure origin :
Gellius : The ' sicinnium ' was once a kind of ancient
dance. . . . Lucius Accius the poet used this word in his
Principles for Playwrights and says ' sicinnistae ' were called —
satyr -dancers of shady name ; "
'shady,' I suppose, because the origin of the term 'sicinnium'
was obscure,
ANNALS ^
Festus : ' ]\letalli ' is a term applied, in military law, to men
who serve for pay. Accius in the second ( ?) '^ book of
Annals —
batmen and thralls, drudges and moneygrubbers ; '^
This is the kind of men {sc. metalli) from which they believe
the gens Caecilia has derived its surname {sc. Metellus).
2-7
The Saturnalia :
Macrobius : It appears that the Saturnalia are older than
the city of Rome; inasmuch as, according to Lucius Accius
in the following lines of his Annals, this yearly festival began
in Greece before Rome existed —
Most of the Greeks, and Athens above all,
Prepare in Saturn's honour ceremonies
Which are called Cronia, as they relate ;
* Written in hexameters and divided into several books,
the Annals of Accius was a work apparently concerned not Avith
history but with festivals, of which the author possibly gave
the origins and development.
" XXVII, which is surely v.rong. The first three numerals
may be the result of deletions of false strokes.
'^ Or ' gold-diggers. ' The derivation is from fx^raXXov, a mine,
otherwise we might translate ' brassmen.' Some read metellique.
ACCIUS
cumque diem celebrant, per agros urbesque per omnes
exercent epulis laeti famiilosque procurant 5
quisque suos ; nostrisque itidemst mos traditus illinc
iste, ut cum dominis famuli epulentur ibidem.
8
Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 254, 6 : Quidam . . . vetenim et
hoc ossu et hoc ossum proferebant . . . Accius ... in
Annalibus —
Fraxinus fissa ferox infensa infinditur ossis.
9
Nonius, 193, 25 : ' Alvus ' . . . masculine. Accius
Annalibus —
ut quam fragilissimus alvus.
Cp. Prise, ap. G.L., II, 268, 18 (ut . . . alvus); Charis.,
ap. G.L., I, 81, 2.
PARERGA
1-2
Nonius, 61, 17 : Porcae agri quam dicimus significantiam
Varro designat . . . Accius Parergorum lib. I —
* cumque edd. vett. eumque cdd.
^ fortasse exercent se epulis exercent epulas B
^ itidemst Gronovius itidem et cdd.
® fusaB in^nditni cdd. infrenditur Mr. fortasse
illiditur
* alvus Prise. alvus et Roth alvo sed alius cdd. Non.
(alvus Lu.l) Calvus co7ii. Mr.
" This fr. is very obscure.
592
BY-WORKS
To celebrate the day. they hold "-lad feasts
Throughout all towns and all the countryside,
And each man waits on his own slaves. Our people
Have brought that custom too from over yonder,
So that here also slaves feast with their masters.
8
A sacrifice :
Priscianus : Certain of the old writers inflected forms from
nominatives singular neuter ' ossu' and ' ossum ' . . . Accius
... in the Annals —
Dashed is the ash, fierce foe, split by the bones."
9
Nonius : ' Alvus ' ... in the masculine gender. Accius in
the Annals —
like the frailest belly.
BY-WORKS ^^
1-2
Nonius : ' Porcae.' The meaning of this word when we
use it as part of a field is indicated by Varro . . . Accius in
the first book of By- Works —
* Or ' hive,' or whatever alvus means here. After giving
this quotation, Xonius says: sed alius auctontatis ohscurae :
' Maia nenius retinens gravida concepit in alvo' Priscianus,
ap. G.L., II, 163, 5, quotes this as from ' Accius . . . Annali I.
Probably Priscianus miscopied Xonius; or else some scribe
added a false reference at random.
<^ Perhaps Accius wrote some sort of poem in imitation of
Hesiod's Works and Days.
593
VOL. II. Q Q
ACCIUS
venae proscissae cossim goerare ordine
porcas bidenti ferro, rectas f derevere."]"
PRAXIDICUS
(SIVE
PRAXIDICA ?)
Not the same work as Parerga (pp. 592-3) ? Perhaps
it was a transcription in verse of some Hellenistic work of an
astrological kind (thus Crusius, Phil., LVII, 642-7; Wila-
mowitz-Mollcndorfif, Hermes, XXXIV, 637, who, however,
does not attribute the Latin work to our poet). Ribbeck
{Rh. Mus., XLI, 631-2) suggests that the work was agri-
Plinius, N.H., 1, XVIII : Ex Accio qui Praxidica scripsit.
Id., N.H., XVIII, 200 : Adiecit his Accius in Praxidico ut
sereretur cum luna esset in ariete geminis leone libra aquario.
[GALLAECUS ?]
{Vide pp. XX, xxii.)
POEMATA AMATORIA?
Vide Plin. Min., Epist., V, 3.
^ venae proscissae Mr. bene proscissas cdd. cossim
goerare Mr. (girare S) cossigerare cdd. I cossi | Icrarc
(lirare) B
2 cernere Mr. solvere B dirimere Havet deruerc
Aid. dercvere cdd. bene proscissas {sc. liras) quo
signaret ordine | p. b. f. r. eruens coni. Linds.
Plin., 1 : Praxidicam Ribb.
594
BY-WORKS
the balks of a furrow, when this is cleft forward
by the two-toothed share, wheel round aslant in rows
. . . straig-ht ahead. "^
THE PRACTICAL ADVISER
(or
PRACTICAL HINTS?)
cultural and was named after the goddess Praxidice, and
would read Praxidicam and in Praxidica in the passages of
Pliny here given. Praxidice was the same as Proserpina
(Persephone), goddess of the spring. But I take the word as
representing the Greek Trpa^cSiKos, from -npa^lhiov, diminutive
of rrpd^is.
The Index to Pliny's Natural History : From Accius who
wrote Practical Hints.
Pliny : Accius in The Practical Adviser added to these
precepts the advice that sowings should be made when the
moon was in the midst of The Ram, The Twins, The Lion,
The Balance, and The Water- Carrier.
[GALLAECUS r]
{See Introduction, pp. xx, xxii.)
AMATORY POEMS?
Poems of this kind are alluded to by Pliny the younger.
They were probably in the style of Valerius Aedituus, Porcius
Licinius, and Quintus Catulus; cf. Gell., XIX, 9, 10 ff.
* The readings are uncertain; a porca is a lira, the ridge
between two furrows ; and vena is here a furrow. After 7-ectas
comes another verb in the infinitive.
Plin., XVIII : Praxidica Ribb.
qq2
595
WORDS FROM LIVIUS, NAEVIUS,
PACUVIUS, AND ACCIUS NOT IN-
CLUDED IN THE TEXT OR THE
NOTES OF THIS VOLUME
Livius
' demus ' (at length) for ' denmm.' Paulus, ex F.,
48, 30.
' gnarigavit ' (he related) for ' narravit.' Paulus, ex F.,
68, 5.
' profanum ' (profane). Festus, 286, 7.
' suregit ' (he stood up) for ' surrexit ' and * sortus '
(drawn by lot) as a past participle of ' sortio.' Festus,
422, 4; cp. Paul., 423, 1.
' sollicuria ' (whoUycareful) for 'in omni re curiosa'
and ' solliferreum ' (whollyiron), a kind of javelin made
wholly of iron. Fest., 426, 9 ; Paul., 427, 2. [Cp. Tit. Liv.,
ab urhe condita, XXXIV, 14, fin.^Gell., X, 25, 2.]
' stirps ' (trunk, stock). Fest., 454, 25.
Naevius
Punic War : ' supparum ' or ' supparus ' (linen vest) ;
a ' red ' one mentioned by Naevius in the Punic War and a
' consecrated ' one in a play called apparently ' Nauiae ' {The
Sailors). Fest., 448, 10.
* Lucetius ' (light-bringer), epithet of Jupiter. Gell.,
V, 12, 7.
WORDS NOT INCLUDED IN THE TEXT
' nemut . . . aerumnas ' (surely . . . hardships).
Fest., 160, 28.
Comedies, ' Agitaioria ' ; ' atque ' for ' et.' Charis., ap,
G.L., I., 229, 21.
' Corollaria ' .• ' dividia ' in the sense of distraction,
vexation. Varro, L.L., VII, 60.
' confestim ' (speedily). Charis., ap. G.L., I., 196, 1.
* trit,' a word expressive of a squeak. Charis., ap. G.L.,
I, 239, 19.
' Tarentilla ' ; .' confestim ' and ' atque ' {see above),
' pallucidum ' (or pellucidum ? transparent). Varro,
L.L., VII, 108.
Comedies of uncertahi title
' carere ' (to card). Xaevius in f Cemetria f- Varro,
L.L., VII, 54.
'glucidatus' (sweetened, or mild). Naevius in
fNagidonet. Varro, L.L., VII, 107.
N^ot assigned to any irork
' Samnite ' (Samnite), as a nom. sing. neut. Priscian.,
ap. G.L., II, 249, 3.
' runa ' (spear). Fest., 352, 1.
' Pisatilis ' (of Pisae) used, instead of Pisanus, as an
epithet of the tyrant Pantaleon. Fest. ^258, 9.
* penita offa ' (tailed lump). Fest., 314, 24 (where he
explains it as a meat-chop which includes the tail).
' buttubatta ' (fiddle-faddle, twaddle). Paul, ex F.,
26,8.
' concipilavisti.' Explained by Paulus ' you seized and
laid hands on.' Paul., ex F., 48, 32. The word would be a
compound of concipio and pilo used in place of compilo.
597
WORDS NOT INCLUDED IN THE TEXT
' consponsi ' (persons bound by guaranty ; fellow-
sponsors). Varro, L.L., VI, 70.
* lovis,' for ' luppiter.' Pompeius, ap. G.L., V, 187-8.
Pacuvius
Calcham,' ace. of Calchas. Charis., ap. G.L., I, 66, 19.
' ante templo ' (in front of the temple) and * propter
homine ' (because of the man) and * praeter con-
demnatis ' (except the condemned). Pompeius, ap.
G.L., V, 278, 21. All these prepositions should take the
accusative; but in Plautus and classical Latin they appear
to take an ablative in the adverbs antehac, antidhac, antea ;
propierea, qiiapropter ; praeterea, praeterhac. But here, -ea
at any rate may be ace. pi. neut.
' puta ' (say; for example). Serv., ad Ae7i., II, 651.
' itera ' (journeys) for ' itinera.' Charis., ap. G.L., I,
83, 3.
' torrus ' (fire brand). Serv., ad Aen., XII, 298.
' insomnia ' (sleeplessness). Serv., ad Aen., IV, 9.
Cf. p. 168.
Doubtful or spurious
applar (spoon). Vulcanius, Gloss., 17.
' adfatio ' (address). Vulcanius, Gloss., Hertz, Ann.
Philol. 1869, 767 ff., where ITAot'o-io? = Pacuvius?
' desertitudines ' (deserts). Barth gives this from a
commentator on ' deserta ' in Statins, Theb., IV, 737.
lovis ' for ' luppiter.' Pompeius, ap. G.L., V, 187-8.
Accius
Tragedie.<i, ' Neoptohmm' : ' quesdam ' (certain) for
quosdam.' Priscian., ap. G.L., III, 9, 14.
WORDS NOT INCLUDED IN THE TEXT
Not assig?ied to any work
' rimari (search, pry into). Nonius, 382, 5 (Accius
Ilione cdd. ; see pp. 240—1).
' quid miserare ? ' (why do you sorrow ?). Xon., 445,
2 ff. (see pp. 444-5).
* Hectora,' ace, of Hector. Varro, L.L., X, 70. See
p. xxiii (iiitrod.).
' residuos ' (idle loungers). Festus, 390, 18.
' quadrurbem ' (four-fold city ; having four cities ;
Greek TerpaTToAu), epithet of Athens and its territory,
united from Brauron, Eleusis, Peiraeus, and Sunium.
Festus, 346, 10.
' terimen ' (boundary). Varro, L.L., V, 21.
' ininiicitia ' (enmity). Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 96, 7.
' pristices ' (sea-beasts). Saumaise, Flor., Ill, 5.
' status ' (stature). Xon., 226, 25. [doubtful.]
' arviga ' (sacrificial ram) and ' arvignus ' (appertain-
ing to a sacrificial ram). Varro, L.L., V, 198, where he
says : ' These are the animals whose vitals are cooked in a
pot, not roasted on a spit. Accius describes them.'
[Probably in the Annals.}
' lovis ' for 'luppiter.' Pompeius, ap. G.L., V, 187-8.
' pro luppiter ' (ah ! Jupiter), an exclamation common
in tragedies. Donat., ad Ter., Adelph., I, 2, 31.
' mehe ' for ' me ' in old writers, especially in tragedies,
according to old manuscripts, says Quintilian, I, 5, 21.
For words ivhick are quoted by grammarians to illustrate
Accius'' rules for selling see pp. xxii-xxiv.
599
EX INCERTIS INCERTORUM
TRAGOEDIIS
ENNIUS ?
. . . Erebo creata fuscis crinibus Nox, te invoco.
Animum advorte ac dicto pare . . .
Praeter rogitatum si f pie t-
Pereant amici dum inimici una intercidant !
5 Postquam pater
adpropinquat iamque paene ut comprehendatur
parat
puerum interea obtruncat membraque articulatim
dividit,
perque agros passim dispergit corpus, id ea gratia
ut, dum nati dissupatos artus captaret parens,
10 ipse interea fugeret, ilium ut maeror tardaret
sequi,
sibi salutem ut familiari pareret parricidio.
1 Paulus, ex F., 58, 31. Erebo <te> Bothe E.
procreata Ribb.
2-3 Cicero, Pro Rahirio, 11, 29
* Cicero, Pro Eege Deiotnro, 9, 25
5-11 Cicero, de Nat. Deor., Ill, 26, 67
" Aeschylus, Eumen., 321-2, fxdTcp a /x' ctiktcs, o) fidrep
Nv$ (cp. 844) suggests Ennius' Eumenides {Remains, Vol. I,
pp. 268 flF.).
* Lines 2-3 are separate quotations by Cicero (cp. Eurip.,
Med., 274, 321 ?), who then quotes the fragment of Ennius'
Medea given in Remains, Vol. I, pp. 316-7.
6oo
FRAGMENTS OF TRAGEDIES
BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
ENNIUS ?
Night with dusky hair, begotten of Erebus, on
you I call."
Turn your mind to me and obey my word ! . . .
If . . . beyond what was asked. ^
Then perish friends, so long as foes fall with
them 1 '
After her father ^ drew near and was nigh 5-1 1
already preparing to have her seized, she mean-
while slaughtered his boy and carved his limbs
joint by joint, and strewed the carcase far and
wide over the fields : and this she did so that,
while the child's father was grasping at his son's
scattered limbs, she herself meanwhile might
escape, and grief might delay him from pursuit,
and she might conceive a plan to save herself by
this vile manslaughter of her o^Yl^ kin.
<^ Cp. Eurip., Med., 816 fF.; Ignot. Trag., 294 X, eppeVw
(f>iXos avv ixdpo).
^ sc. Aeetes. Cicero says Medea speaks these words when
fleeing from her father and country, and has just quoted two
fragments attributed by Osann"^to Ennius' Medea. The
deed here related goes beyond the plot of Euripides' Medea,
but not necessarily Ennius'. Remains, Vol. I, pp. 311 if.
6oi
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Pater inquam, hospites, pater me lumine orbavit,
pater.
O sancte Apollo qui umbilicum certum terrarum
optines,
unde superstitiosa primum saeva evasit vox foras.
15 Adsum atque advenio Acherunte vix via alta atque
ardua,
per speluncas saxis structas asperis pendentibus
maxumis, ubi rigida constat crassa caligo
inferum. . . .
Unde animae excitantur obscura umbra opertae
ex ostio
alto Acheruntis salso sanguine.
PACUVIUS?
20 Naufragia labes generis ignorat senex.
. . . Inter se strepere aperteque artem obterere
exstispicum ;
solvere imperat secundo rumore adversaque avi.
12 Charis. ap. G.L., I, 281, 18 K; Diomed., ap. I. \A(S,
4; Claud. Sac, I, 35 Endl. (pater inquam m. 1. o. p.)
13-14 Cicero, de Div., II, 56, 115 (cp. Varr., L.L., VII, 17);
foras Gruter fera cdd. {recte ?)
15-19 Cicero, TuHc. Di.^p., I, 16, 37
1^ fortasse ab Acherunte
1® ex add. Madvig alii alia
20 Charisius, G.L., I, 283, 9 K
21-22 Cicero, de Div., I, 16, 29
" Outcry of Phoenix in Ennius' Phoenix ? Remains, Vol. I,
331 ff.
" Cicero has just quoted two frs. from Ennius' Alexander.
6o2
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
My father, I tell you, strangers — it was my
father robbed me of eyesight — my father."
O hallowed Apollo, thou who dost possess
The undoubted navel of the whole wide world,
Whence first the awful voice of prophecy
Issued outdoors.''
With much ado I'm present, and have come 15-19
From Acheron by a steep and lofty way,
Through caverns stacked with huge rough
hanging rocks,
Where the dense darkness of the dead below
Stands stiff and still. . . .
. . . Whence,^ hidden in murky gloom, the
souls
Are called up out of Acheron's deep mouth
By offerings of salt blood.
PACUVIUS ?
The old man is unaware of the shipwreck, of 20
the overthrow of his kinsfolk.'^
. . . They began to grumble one with another
and to sneer openly at the craftsmanship of gut-
gazers ; he commanded that they should un-
moor, M'hile there were cheers of approval — and
a bird of bad omen against them.*^
«= sc. from Lake Avernus, as Cicero says. Cp. Sophocles,
PolyxeTia, 478 N, 6.KTas OLTraicovds re Koi ixeXafi^aOels \ Xi-novaa
Xiuvrjs rjXdov, rj^ovorj^ yoovg | 'A;^epovTO? o^vTrXrjyos dpaeva?
Xoag. The right readings of lines 18-9 are uncertain.
^ From Teucer ? See pp. 286 S.
<• From Dulorestes ? See pp. 208 ff .
603
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
ACCIUS?
Erras erras, nam exultantem te et praefidentem
tibi
repriment validae legum habenae atque imperii
insistent iugo.
25 Mulierum genus
avarum est ; . . . Auro vendidit vitam viri.
Prudens et seiens
ad pestem ante oculos positam . . .
Parietum umbris occuluntur. . . .
30 Nihil horum similest apud Lacaenas virgines,
quibus magis palaestra Eurota sol pulvis labor
militia studio est quam fertilitas barbara.
Vos enim iuvenes animum geritis muliebrem, ilia
virgo viri.
Non multa peccas : sin peccas te regere possum.
23-2* Cicero, de Orat., Ill, 41, 166; lul. Vict., ap. Rhet.
Lat., 432 Halm
25-26 Cicero, de Inv., I, 50, 94
27-28 Cicero, ad Favi., VI, 6, 6 (ut Aniphiaraus, sic ego . . .
positam sum profectus)
29-32 Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, lo, 36
3" simile apud S simile esse apud Cic.
32 studio vel in studio cdd.
33 Cicero, de O/fic, I, 18, 61
3* Cicero, pro Murena, 29, 60 (cp. Quintil., VIII, 6, 30); sin
Ribb. sed cdd.
604
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
ACCIUS ?
You err, you err ; for though you do exult,
And in yourself are overconfident,
The sturdy reins of laws will pull you back,
Harnessing you in yoke of government.**
Covetous is womankind ; 25
. . . She ^ has sold her husband's life for gold.
Knowing all, aware of everj^thing,
Towards the ruin set before the eyes.^ . . .
They are hidden away in the shadows of party-
walls ^ . . .
There's nothing like such things amongst the 30
maids
Of Sparta, for to them the MTestling-school,
Eurotas, sun, dust, labour, soldiership
Count more than barbarous fertility.
For you, young men, you bear a womanish
spirit.
But that maid bears the spirit of a man.
Not many are your sins, but, if you sin,
Then I can govern you.^
« Aegisthus to Electra in Clytaemnestra ? See pp. 406 S.
Cp.. Aesch., Agam., 1639-41, tov 8k firj Treiddvopa \ ^ev^co
jSapei'ai? ovri fxoi aeipaiopov | KpiOojvTa ttojXov.
* sc. Eriphyle, as Cicero says. From The After -Born ?
See pp. 420 ff .
•^ Cicero shows that this refers to Amphiaraus.
^ Lines 29-33 may come from Meleager, pp. 470 ff .
* Cicero shows that the speaker is Phoenix.
605
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
35 . . . atque ego reperc^utio). . . .
Sed iam pro(scindiiiit ratibus sulcan)tes salum.
. . . ferrum acs aurum argentum penitus abditum.
deos parentes qui penates Terei. . . .
EX ALUS TRAGOEDIIS
Omnes Danai atque Mycenenses,
40 Attica pubes,
nisi si qua Ulixes intervasit Lartius.
Heu heu pater, heu Hector !
Itis paratis arma quam primum viri. . . .
Danai qui parent Atridis quam primum arma
sumite.
35-36 Festus, 374, 22 {de vocahulo rates); in Ncopto>lemo
" atque . . .
3^ a up pi. 8
^^ duppl. Buecheler
" Cicero, de Offic, II, 4, 13; op. de Nai. Deor., II, 60, 151
38 Marius Victorinus ap. G.L., VI, 135, 10 K
^s-^o Cicero, de Fin., II, 6, 18
*i Quintilianus, VI, 3, 96; nisi vel nisi si cdd. lintre
evasit Spalding
42 Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 242, 6 K; heu Ribb. heus Charts.
43-44 Pompeius, ap. G.L., V, 237, UK; cp. Pompei., ap.
V, 291, 27; Donat., ap. IV, 394, 5 (43); ' Serg.,' explan. in
Donat., ap. IV, 564, 8 (44)
6o6
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
And I do beat and beat again ... 35
But now they cleave the swell, furrowing it
with ships. ^
Deep-hidden iron and copper, gold and silver.^
. . . parent divinities, who Tereus' household
gods '^ . . .
FROM OTHER TRAGEDIES
All the Danai and Mycenaeans, and young 39-40
men of Attica,
Unless Ulysses, Laertes' son, in some way
had intervened.
Oh ! oh : Father, oh ! Hector ! '^
Go, you men, make arms ready forthwith ;
Danai, they who are under the
command of Atreus' sons, take up arms forth-
with.'-
« From a play X eoytolemus (of Accius?) as the damaged
text of Festus shows. See pp. 484 ff .
* From Accius' Prometheus (pp 532-3) ? Cp. Aesch., Prom.
I inct., 500—503, KeKpvfXfiev' av6pco7TOLO(,v oj(f)€XrjiJ.aTa | jj^oAxrov
alBrjpov apyvpov xp^oov re rig \ (l)i](7eL€v av ndpoiOev i^evpelv ijjiov ;
' From Accius' Tereus (pp. 542 ff.) ?
^ Cp. Ennius' Alexander. Bemains, Vol. I, pp. 244-5.
« Possibly from an Armorum ludicium (pp. 172 ff. (Pac);
358 ff. (Ace.) ). Line 44 is quoted by Pompeius as an example
of a relative and a verb in the third person when the
antecedent is a vocative with a verb in the imperative.
607
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
(A)
45 Aenea !
Ae?ieas
Quis enim est qui meum nomen nuncupat?
love propagatus est ut perhibent Tantalus,
Ex Tantalo ortus Pelops, ex Pelope autem satus
Atreus, qui nostrum porro propagat genus,
. . . lam domutionem reges Atridae parant.
50 Quod nisi quieris, Menelae, hac dextra occides.
Proin demet abs te regimen Argos dum est
potestas consili.
O parens antiqua nostrae gentis, Argivum decus,
. . . Facinus fecit maximum, cum Danais in-
clinantibus
summani perfecit rem, manu sua restituit proelium
55 insaniens.
^^ Varro, L.L., VI, 60; in j choro f in quo est Aenea e. q. s.
46-48 Quintilianus, IX, 3, 57 (ep. Diomed., ap. G.L., I,
448, 27); cp. Eur., Iph. Tatir., 1-4 UeXoi/j 6 TavraAao? is
riiaav fioXojv \ doaiaiv Ittttols Olvo^aov ya^ei Koprjv | e'^ T/J
'Arpevs ejSAao-rev 'Arpeois be ttuls \ Mere'Aaoj ' Ayaixefxvcov re- tov
8' €(f>uv iyo).
** Auctor, ad Herennium, III, 21, 34; domi ultionem, v.
Ribb., Trag. Fragm.. ed. 2, p. 238
50 Seneca, Epi.^l., 80, 8 (XI, 1, 8)
51 Censorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 613, 9 K ; proin demct L
proinde et cdd. consili L consulandi cdd.
^^ Analecta grammat., Endl., II, 517
s=^" Cicero, Tusc. Disp., IV, 23, 52
5* sua add. Hermann
6o8
TBAGEDIKS BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
(A)
Aeneas ! 45
Aeneas
Well, who is it that calls my name ? "
The story goes that Jupiter was sire
Of Tantalus ; from Tantalus sprang Pelops ;
From Pelops was begotten Atreus,
Who further is the sire of all our line.^
The kings, the sons of Atreus, are making
Ready their home-coming,''
But if you do not hold your peace, Menelaus, 50
by this right hand you shall fall dead.*^
And so Argos, while it has power to fulfil the
intent, will take from you the government.
O glory of the Argives, ancient mother of our
line,
The mightiest deed he ^ did when, as the Danai 53-55
Were flinching, he in frenzied rage restored
The fight with his own hand, accomplishing
A feat most glorious,
" The text of Varro is corrupt where he gives the source of
this fr. He goes on to quote Pacuvius' Medus.
* Opening of a play (Naevius' ? See pp. 120-3) entitled
Iphigenia and based on Euripides' 'I(^tyeWia 17 eV Taupots (see
quotation opposite). Not Ennius' Iphigenia, which was based
on Euripides' 'I^tyeVeia 17 eV AuAi'Si {Remains, Vol. I, 298 flF,).
The speaker is Iphigenia,
<^ Probably from an Ij^higenia, if not an invention.
<* This and line 52 may come from Ennius' Telephus, \o\. I,
pp. 342£f.
' sc. Ajax, as Cicero says.
609
VOL. II. R R
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Victor insolens
ignominiae se dolore victum non potuit pati.
Video, video te. \'ive, Ulixes, dum licet;
oculis postremum lumen radiatum rape.
60 Hicine est Telamo ille, modo quern gloria ad
caelum extulit,
quern aspectabant, cuius ob os Grai ora obverte-
bant sua ? . . .
. . . Simul animus cum re concidit.
Tetulit seniles Poeas ad caelum manus.
. . . Quaenam te adigunt hospes
65 stagna capacis visere Averni ?
ob scelera animique inpotentiam et superbilo-
quentiam.
mento summam aquam attigens, enectus siti.
. . . per undas currus suspenses.
56-5- Cicero, "pro Scauro, 3; sic constit. Ribb. ipse ignom-
iniae dolore ut ait poeta victor insolens se victum n. p. p. Cic.
58-59 Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 40, 162; cp. Ac. Pr., II, 28, 89;
vive fh Or. vivum Ac. Pr.
«o-62 Cicero, Tusc. Disp., Ill, 18, 39; ad Fam., IX, 26 (61)
63 Pompeius, ap. O.L., V, 296, 5 K ; Consent., ap. V, 387, 38
«*-«5 Charisius, ap. O.L., I, 289, 22 K
«« Cicero, Tasc. Disp., IV, 16, 35; cp. Non., 175, 32
«7 Cicero, Tusc. Disp., I, 5, 10; cp. Non., 401, 30; Prise,
ap. O.L , II, 470, 19
«8 Cicero, Tusc. Disp., II, 27, 67
•» sc. Ajax. From Accius' PhilocUia (pp. 504 ff.) ?
* Again Ajax, perhaps in Aiax of Ennius, from whom Cicero
has just quoted {Eeniains, Vol. I, pp. 226-9).
6lO
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Though overbearing when a conqueror,
Conquered himself he ^ could not bear to be.
Through grief at the disgrace.
I ^ see you, I see you. Live, Ulysses, while
you may. With your eyes catch these rays of
light — your last !
Is this indeed the illustrious Telamon, 60
\Vhom lately glory to the skies extolled,
Wliom men did gaze at, towards whose face the
Greeks
Did their ow^n faces turn ? . . .
Low has his courage fallen with his fortunes.*^
Poeas '^ raised towards the sky his aged hands.
What powers, stranger, compel you to visit the 64-65
waters of spacious Avernus ?
because of his villainies and the ungovernable-
ness of his spirit and his speechhaughtiness.
Just touching with his chin the water's top,
Yet racked to death by thirst.^
[hurried] /
the chariot buoyant over the waves.
'^ From Accius' Eurijsaces (pp. 438 ff .) ?
^ It was Poeas who kindled Hercules' pyre. From a play
about Hercules ?
« This refers to Tantalus.
f The subject of the missing verb is, as Cicero shows, the
horses which Neptune gave to Pelops to help him to win
Hippodamia from Oenomaus. From Accius' Oenomaus
(pp. 494 ff.)?
6ii
RR 2
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
En impero Argis, sceptra mihi liquit Pelops,
70 qua ponto ab Helles atque ab lonio mari
urgetur Isthmus.
Proinde ita parent se in vita ut vinci nesciant.
Ubi nee Pelopidarum nomen nee facta aut famani
audiam.
Thesprote, si quis sanguine exortam tuo
75 prolem inter aras sacrificas sacram immolet,
quid meritus hie sit, dubium an id cuiquam fuat ?
Rite Thesprotum pudet
Atrei quod ipse a Tantalo dueat genus.
Cur fugit fratrem ? Scit ipse.
80 Aegialeo parentat pater.
Liber, qui augusta haee loca Cithaeronis colis,
89-'i Seneca, EpisL, 80, 8 (XI, 1, 8); cp. Quintil., IX,
4, 140; Cic, Oral., 49, 163; sceptra Quintil. regna Sen.
'2 Cicero, Tusc. Disp., V, 18, 52
" Cicero, ad Fam., VII, 30, 1 ; ad Alt., XV, 11, 3; Phil,
XIII, 21, 49; et al. aut famam Bothe varia Cic.
'*-'« Charisius, ap. O.L., I, 287, 10 K
'* aras sacrificas sacram Ribb. arass sacram cd.
'* id Bothe ovi. cd. fuat Fabric. fiat cd.
"-'8 Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 276, 25 K; Atrei Buecheler
rei
'* Seneca, Controvers., I, 1 ; fugit Buecheler fugis cdd.
8« Quintilianus, VIII, 6. 35; vide Ribb. Trag. Fr., p. 256
81 Apuleius, Flor., XVIII, p. 34, Helm
° sc. Atreus.
6l2
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
See, over Argos I '^ do rule ; Pelops 69-71
Bequeathed me kingdoms, spreading from
Hellespont
And from the Ionian sea, where narrowed lies
The Isthmus.
Then let them so in life prepare themselves
That they know not defeat.^
Where I may not hear of the name or the deeds
or the disrepute of the house of Pelops.
O Thesprotus, if anyone should immolate 74-76
among altars of sacrifice a child sprung from
your blood, would anyone doubt what fate this
man has earned ? '^
Duly does Thesprotus feel ashamed of Atreus,
because he himself '^ draws his descent from
Tantalus.
Why does he flee his brother ? He knows. ^
To Aegialeus his father makes funeral offerings./ 80
Liber, you who dwell in these venerable
precincts of Cithaeron,^'
* ' A precept of Atreus' (Cicero).
« From Ennius' Thyestes {Remains, Vol. I, 346 fiF.)?
Thyestes speaks ?
'^ Thesprotus was not descended from Tantalus; Atreus
(who speaks here sarcastically) was.
^ Possibly from Varus' Thyestes.
f parentare means to offer sacrifice to dead parents; here
it is used of a father sacrificing to his dead son.
? From Pacuvius' Antiopa (pp. 158 ff.) ?
613
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Nequeo . . .
qua causa accusem hunc exputando evolvere.
Nam si veretur quid eum accuses qui est probus ?
85 Sin inverecunduni animi ingenium possidet,
quid autem accuses qui id parvi auditum
aestimet? . . .
Nunc ego te ab summo iam detexam exordio.
... si forte . . . se quispiam princeps senex
recipiebat sortisque atque auspicium repetebat
domo.
90 Aries auricomus Colchorum . . .
. . . frugifera et ferta arva Asiae tenet.
ubi initiantur gentes orarum ultimae.
in cornuatam tauram umbram iacit.
. . . Saxea est verruca in summo montis vertice.
95 Agite o pelagi cursores,
cupidam in patriam portate !
®^~' Avctor, ad Herenn., II, 26, 42; cp. Cic, de Inv.,
I, 45, 83 {vv. 84-6); lul. Victor, ap. Ehet. Lat., 414 Halm
(84-6); Victorin., Expl, 253, 12 H
88-89 Schol. Veron., ad Verg., Aen., II, 178 : se suppl. W
90-91 Cicero, Orat., 49, 163; auricoinusC. Ribb. (t)auricos
locorum t)el alles boleorum vel sim. cdd.
91 vide Ribb.
92 Cicero, de Nat. Deor., I, 42, 119
93 Varro, L.L., VII, 24; in c. t., 0. Mr, cornua taurum vel
sitn. cdd.
" Quintilianus, VIII, 3,48; cp. VI, 15; trib. CafoniGronov.
coll. GelL, III, 7
95-96 Diomcdes, ap. G.L., I, 512, 33 K; forlasse cupidum
614
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
I am not able to think out and unfold a reason 82-87
for which I may impeach him. For what could
you impeach a man of who is honourable, if he has
a conscience ? And if he possesses a disposition
of mind that has no conscience, on what again
could you impeach him, who counts it as trifling
when he has heard it ? . . . Now at last I \nll
weave you completely, from top to bottom of
the warp.^
if by any chance any aged commander betook
himself back and brought back fresh oracles and
augury from home.'^
The Colchians' golden-fleeced ram. ... 90
He holds fruitful and fertile fields of Asia.
Where '^ the most distant peoples of the world
Are entered into holy secrets.
casts his shadow over the horned cow.^
On the top of the mountain-peak there is a
rocky wart.
Come, come, o couriers of the sea, bring me to 95-96
my country all eager.
" The speaker means ' I will explain all about you.'
* From a fahiila praetexta ? The scholiast is here com-
menting on the Roman custom of taking fresh auspices after
a defeat in war.
<= sc. at Eleusis, as Cicero shows. From Ennius'
Erechtheus ? Remains, Vol. I, pp. 264 ff .
^ taura is a cow-calf born with a bull-calf; or a barren cow
of hybrid breed, a free-martin.
615
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Et ego ibo ut latebras ruspans rimer maritimas.
Nam sapiens virtuti honorem praemium haud
praedam petit ;
Et quid video ? Ferro saeptus possidet sedis
sacras. '
100 Inplorat fidem
lovis hospitalis, Graios omnes convocat.
Sive ista virtus seu latrocinium fuit,
horrendum miserandum inpium esse clamitant,
quod extudisti saueios patrio lare.
105 litus atque aer et solitudo mera.
Si quis me videat, dicat . . .
' Ni mirum hie ille est vir talis tantis opibus
praepotens !
Ubi nunc est secundis rebus adiutrix . . . ' ?
Quam magis aerumna urget, tam magis ad male
faciendum viget.
^' Festus, 356, 25; rimer maritimas S rimeram
aptimas cd.
98-»9 Cicero, de Orat., Ill, 26, 102
100-101 Cicero, ad Quint, fratr., II, 12, 3; ne imploret . . .
convocet Cic.
102-104 Charisius, ap. O.L., I, 283, 20 K
^°2 ista . . . seu Ribb. ita . . . sive cd. latrocinium Keil
ita patrocinium cd. fuit suppl. Keil
i"3-* vidp Ribb.
"5 Cicero, ad Alt., I, 181
106-108 Charisius, ap. O.L., I, 283, 20 K
^°^ est suppl. Keil
109 Quintilianus, IX, 3, 15
6i6
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
And I myself will go to peer and pry
Into the hiding-places by the sea.
For the wise man seeks honour as a prize,
Not as a prey, for virtue.
And what is this I see ? Incased in iron "■
He occupies the holy places.
He implores the aid of Jupiter 100-110
The god of guests, and calls up all the Greeks.
Whether that deed was villainy or virtue,
They cry that it was horrible and grievous
And wicked ; for you beat men who were hurt
Out of ancestral home.
sea-shore and air and stark wilderness. 105
If anyone should see me, he would say . . .
' So this forsooth is that man who was such
As we knew, overpowering in resources
So great ! Where now is she who was his helper
When his affairs were prosperous ' ?
Distress, the more it harasses, the stronger
It is to do some harm.^
Or simply ' armed, guarded with a sword,'
Cp. Eurip., Medea, 364 ff.
617
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
110 Te nihil
hominum fortunae, nihil commiserescit meae ?
Finge advenam esse ; nihil fraterni nominis
sollemne aiixilium et nomen Pietatis movet ?
hoc metuere, alterum in metu non poneve.
115 ut multus e visceribus sanguis exeat.
Concitiim tetuli gradum.
. . . tantum gaudium oboriri ex tumultii maximo.
Mors misera non est, aditus ad mortem est miser.
Frondem ac flores addidit,
120 non lanas sed velatas frondentis comas.
Rapite agite ruite celeripedes !
Omnis aequalis vincebat quinquertio.
Quae quam sint cara post carendo intellegunt,
quamque attinendi magni dominatus sient.
110-113 Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 280, 13 K
110-111 ^g nihil hominum W nihil h. t. cd. meae suppl.
Haupt
^^^ numen Haupt
11* Cicero, ad Att., XII, 51, 3; cp. ad Att., XIV, 21, 3;
Top., 13, 55
11^ Cicero, Tasc. Disp., II, 14, 34; fortasse multus . . .
exit
116 Charisius, ap. O.L., I, 278, 2; Diomed., ap. I, 441, 3 K
11' Festus, 218, 7
118 Quintilianus, VIII, 5, 5; Lactant., Div. Inst., Ill, 17
119-120 Varro, L.L., VII, 24
121 Censorinus, ap. G.L., VI, 615, 15 K
122 Festus, 340, 8 ; vicerat vd vinceret Kiessling
123-124 Cicero, Oral., 47, 157; quam cara sint quae cdd.
6i8
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Have you no pity for the fortune of men, have 110-113
you no pity for mine ? Suppose I am a new-
comer. Are you not moved at all by aid due in
the name of brother,^ by the name of Piety ?
To fear one thing, the other not to count
As something to be feared.
That blood in plenty may come out of their 115
flesh.
A hurried step I took.
That joy so great should uprise from a
most mighty turmoil.
Death is not woeful ; 'tis the approach to
death
That's woeful.
He put upon it leaves and flowers — not tufts 119—120
Of wool but leafy foliage in \\Tappings.
Hurry on, come along, rush along, quick o'
foot ! b ^
Ao;ainst all rivals he was winnincn in the
fivebouts.
And afterwards, by being in want of them,
They understand how dearly these are wanted.
And how great sovereignties must be retained.
" Or ' does nought of brother's name . . . stir wonted
help ' ?
* From a comedy ? Invented by Censorinus ? But see
Pacuvius, Antiopa, lines 18-20. All three verbs may be
transitive — ' Pillage and plunder, overthrow . . .'
619
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
125 Nostra miseria tu es magnus . . .
Eandem virtutem istam veniet tempus cum
graviter gemes . . .
... Si neque leges neque mores cogunt. . . .
vis quae summas frangit infirmatque
opes.
Num non vis huius me versutiloquas malitias . . .
130 quando quidem is se circumvestit dictis, saepit
sedulo.
Quae mulier una . . .
usurpat duplex cubile.
Huius, Phere,
hie cubile inire est ausus.
135 Virginem me quondam invitam per vim violat
luppiter.
Earn quam nihil accusas damnas, bene quaiu
meritam esse autumas
dicis male mereri. . . .
Id quod scis prodest nihil, id quod nescis obest.
125-127 Cicero, ad Att., II, 19, 3
128 Cicero, pro Rahirio, 10, 28
129 Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 38, 154; cp. Orat., 49, 164; Non.,
189, 6 annum novis huius me versutiloquax malitia cdd.
Non.
130 Cicero, de Orat., Ill, 39, 158
131-135 Cicero, ad Fam., IX, 22, 1
136-138 Cicero, Orat., 49, 166; cp. Top., 13, 55
« Cicero says that all this was spoken (in 59 B.C.) on the
stage by Diphilus the actor so as to allude to Pompey the
620
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
'Tis to our misery that you are great . . . 125-127
The time will come when grievously you'll
groan
• Because of that same virtue : . . .
If neither law nor custom can constrain
you.^ . . .
might which weakens and breaks the greatest
resources.
Surely you would have me ... his clever-
worded rogueries.^
since he, in earnest, clothes and hedges him- 130
self round with words.
Who. though one woman, enjovs a two-fold
bed. ...
Hers, Pheres, was the bed he dared to
enter. . . .
Once upon a time Jupiter outraged me by 135
force, against my will, when I was a maid.^
Her against whom you bring no charge you
damn ;
She who, you say, has well deserved, you say
That she has ill deserved. . . .
What you know helps naught : what you know
not, hinders.
Great. From Accius' Prometheus (pp. 532-3) ? Cf. Aesch.,
Prcmi. Vinct., 907, 939, 955 ff.
* This may come from Ennius, from whom Cicero has just
quoted [Remains, Vol. I, p. 230, line 26).
'^ Lines 131-4 may come from Accius: 131-2 from his
Clytaem,nestra, 133-4 from his Atlmmas; 135 from Pacuvius'
Antiojpa (Vol. II, pp. 406 ff. ; 376 ff. ; 158 ff.).
621
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
(A)
Miseri sunt qui uxores ducunt.
(B)
At tu duxisti alteram.
140 Meministin te spondere mihi gnatam tuam ?
Nemo plus est qui pietatem colit.
Usquequaque sapere oportet ; id erit telum
acerrimum.
. . . O domus antiqua, heu quam dispari
dominare domino !
145 gradus eliminat.
EX TRAGOEDIIS VEL COMOEDIIS
. . . Prolubium est petere amicitiam et fidem.
Quae tam terribilis tua pectora turbat, terrifico
sonitu inpulit ?
!=»» Auctor ad Heienn., II, 35, 39
140 Varro, L.L., VI, 72; meministine cdd. spondere L
dcspondere cdd. cognatam vel agnatam cdd.
1" Cicero, de Fin., II, 22, 71
"2 Cicero, ad Fam., VIT, 16
14^144 Cicero, de Ofjlc, I, 39, 139; op. Phil., II, 41, 104
115 QuintiUanus, VIII, 3, 31
1*8 Nonius, 64, o ; petere Lips patera cdd,
147-151 Censorinus, ap. Q.L., VI, 614, 7 K
1*' quae tam Bothe quaedam cdd.
623
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
(A)
Wretched are those who marry wives.
(B)
But you married a second.^
Do you remember you betrothed to me 140
Your daughter ?
No one is dutiful who worships duty.
One should be wise at all times, in all places ;
That is the sharpest missile you will find.^
O ancient house, alas,
By what an ill-matched master are you
mastered !
he outthresholds his steps. 145
FROM TRAGEDIES OR COMEDIES
My pleasure is to seek help and friendship.
What is the voice so terrible that troubles 147-151
your thoughts, that shocks you with tone so
terrific ? . . .
" From a comedy ?
* Perhaps from a play, The Trojan Horse, from which Cicero
has just quoted a proverbial saying, from what he says is the
end of the play: ' Sero sapiunt [Phryges] ' (cp. Test.,
510, 11), ' Late are the Phrygians wise.' Whether the
play here mentioned by Cicero was Livius' (pp. 10-1) or
Xaevius' (pp. 116-7) we do not know.
623
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Quis meuni nominans nomen aede exciet ?
Quis tumultu invocans incolarum fidem. . . . ?
150 Qui repens semisomnum onere pulsans gravi
has fores, strepitu terret ?
Cum vota bene tibi responderint,
tunc funde libans.
Haec bellicosus cui pater mater cluet Minerva.
155 ut in secundis fluxae, ut in adversis bonae.
. . . Ubinonsis quifueris,nonest cur velis vivere.
Homo locum ornat, non hominem locus.
. . . Hie ops cedit, ego egens exortus sum.
Neque me patiar
160 iterum ad unum scopulum ut olim classem
Achivom offendere.
1*8 aede add. L
1** tumulti S tumultum vel sivi. cdd.
150-151 g{(. Ribb. q. r. semipulsus onere gravi fores erepitu
(strepitu Darmst.) terrent cdd.
152-153 Schol. Bern. Hag., ad Verg., 0., II, 194
15* Censorinus, ap. O.L., VI, 613, 12 K; pater mater Carrio
m. p. cdd.
155 Cicero, ad AtL, IV, 1, 8 ; cp. IV, 2, 1 ; ad Brut., I, 10, 2
156 Cicero, ad Fam., VII, 3, 4
157 Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 287, 15 K; locum ornat Ribb.
o. 1. cdd.
158 Festus, 218, 18 ; hie ops cedit W ; inops * * * concedit cd.
159-60 Cicero, de Oral., Ill, 41, 166; ut olim Ribb. et
telum cdd. pier.
624
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
Who from out of the house calls me, namiing
my name ?
Who is it, noisily calling for the inmates'
help . . .?
Who is it unforeseen beats the doors weighty
blows,
With his din frightens me half asleep ? "
When prayers have made fair answer to your
wishes,
Then pour libations.
She ^ here whose father 's warlike and whose
mother 's called Minerva.
as being in fair fortune, they are adrift, in 155
untoward fortune, they are good.
When you are not what you have been, then
there is no cause for wishing to live.
The man adorns his rank, not rank the man.*^
There he goes rich, while I came out a pauper.
And I'll not let myself, as once, again 159-160
Dash the Achaeans' fleet upon one rock.'^
" 147 (an ' AristobuHan ' line) and 148-151 (' twelve-
syllabled paeons ') may be inventions by Censorinus.
* Virtus, Victoria, or Pax ? This metre does not belong
to tragedy.
'^ Compare this line with Aceius, line 263.
^ Cicero quotes this fr. as an example of words used
figuratively ; therefore it is not necessarily Agamemnon
speaking, or anyone in a tragedy.
625
VOL. II. S S
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWN
. . . Persuasit animo vinum, deus qui multo est
maximus.
Omnes homines ad suum quaestum callent nee
fastidiunt.
Habeo istanc ego perterricrepam.
Mane mane porro ut audias.
165 Vae mihi, mater mea !
<. . .) est, revoca fratre<(m . . .) plaudite.
CARMEN NELEI
Five fragments survive of a poem called Carmen Nelei or
Song or Poem about Neleus; it was apparently regarded by
Charisius (ap. G.L., I, 84 K) as being a work as old as Livius'
Odyssey. But the composer was not Livius, Since the word
carmen could be used of a tragedy, and the fragments are all
in senarii, and the legend of Nereus could provide good
material for tragedy, not comedy, the Carmen Nelei may well
have been a tragedy of some contemporary of Livius, but not
produced before 240 B.C. (see introd., pp. x-xi). Tyro, daughter
of Salmoneus, having had, by Enipeus in the form of Poseidon
(Neptune) twin sons Neleus and Pelias, exposed them. She
married Cretheus. The outcast children were brought up by
shepherds, found and recognised their mother, and rescued her
from the cruelty of their step-mother Sidero, the second wife
of Salmoneus. She was killed by Pelias. Neleus, chased
1^^ Festus, 140, 21 ; del. animo Spengel
162 Plautus, Truculent., V, 39; nee Bothe; et cdd.
163 Cicero, Orat., 49, 164
i«^ Charisius, ap. O.L., I, 242, 8 K
165 Excerpt. Bern. Hag., Arial. Helv., 228
166 Festus, 454, 21 (cp. Quintil., VI, 1, 52: Illud quo
veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur ' plodite ')
626
TRAGEDIES BY AUTHORS UNKNOWiN:
The mind was charmed by wine, which is by far
The greatest god.*
All men are hardened to the ways whereby
To make their profit, neither are they
squeamish.
The woman's mine — that scare-rattle.*
Stay, stay, so that you may hear next.
Ah me,'^ mother mine ! 165
. . . Encore the brother ! . . . Clap your hands
all!
POEM OF NELEUS
from lolcus by Pelias, met with adventures which appear to
be outside the plot of the Carmen ; for the carmen was probably
modelled on the lost play Tyro of Sophocles. The story of
Tyro and her sons would interest the Romans even of Livius'
time because it was a sort of parallel to the exposure of
Romulus and Remus, the sons of Rhea Sylvia by Mars, their
survival, and the restoration by them of their deposed grand-
father Numitor. Of the surviving fragments given below,
1,2, and 3 are probably words spoken by Tjvo in describing
her sufferings at the hands of Sidero; in 4 one of the two
brothers maintams that they must help their mother; 5
expresses a commonplace. On the whole subject, see H. de
la Vnie de Mirmont, Etudes sur Vancienne poesie latine, pp.
205 fF. I have added also two frs. which are quoted from
ancient poetry.
« Cp. Anon. Graec, Meineke : olvos fx eTretae Satjuo'vcov
VTTepraTos-
* Possibly Crobyle in Caecilius' Plocimn {Remains, Vol. I,
516 £f.).
" Vae mihi represents the Greek otfiot or Id) fiot.
627
ss 2
CARMEN NELEI
Saucia puer filia suniam t
Foede stupreque castigor cotidie.
strigones exerciti
En uniquam numero matri faciemus volup ?
5 Topper fortunae commutantur hominibus.
Ex a?itiquis car minibus :
5a-b Sed iam se caelo cedens Aurora obstinet
suum patrem.
5c . . . Religentem esse oportet, religiosus ne fuas.
1 Charisius, ap. G.L., I, 84, 8 K (. . . ubi tamen Varro cum
a puera putat dictum . . .) Nel§i carmine eaque prisco cd.
Neap. aeque coni Keil alii alia Summani Hermann
Salmonei O. Mueller summam ed. princ.
2 Festus, 460, 21 Paul., ex F., 461, 5
3 Festus, 456, 27; Paul., ex F., 457, 5. strigones T
<strig>ores cd. Farn. L. XVIII. Fesl.
* Festus, 178, 2 enumquam Fleckeisen numquamne Her-
mann numquam cd. volup Ursinus volui cd. Farn. L.
XIII
5 Festus, 532, 4; Paul., ex F., 533, 4
5a-b Festus, 228, 6 ff . (ut in vcteribus carminibus.)
sc Gellius, IV, 9 ('ex antique carmine') religiosus ne fuas
Fleckeisen religiosum nefas edd. vett. religiosus nefas cdd.
628
POEM OF NELEUS
A wounded girl, daughter I am "...
Foully and shamefully am I chastised
On every day.^
Pinched tightstrungmen "^ and practised
Look, shall we ever do our mother's pleasure
In its full number ?
With all speed change the fortunes of mankind. 5
From old poems :
But now the Goddess of the Dawn, yields up
Herself to heaven, and reveals ^ her father.
Towards the gods you should be scrupulous.
But be not superstitious.
"■ The fr. is corrupt, but Charisius is illustrating 'pner used
in the feminine.
^ According to Pollux, IV, 141, Tyro in Sophocles' play was
^ strigores or strigones, from stringo. Festus appears to
explain this as put ' pro strigosis ... id est densarum virium
hominibus.' Strigosns means lean, lank. The word exerciti
may be archaic gen. sing, or nom. plur. of exercitus, ' army.'
'^ ' obstinet ' according to Festus means ' ostendit.' Aurora
was daughter of Hyperion, father of the sun.
629
CONCORDANCES
Here follow two concordances for the dramatic
fragments of each of the four poets included in this
book and for the fragments of tragedies by authors
unknown. In each case the first concordance is
for the use of readers who wish to refer from the
second edition of Ribbeck's Scaenicae Romajioriim
Poesis Fragmenta to this one ; and the second is for
the use of readers who wish to refer from this edition
to Ribbeck's. In these concordances, R- indicates
the numeration in Ribbeck's second edition, W the
numeration in this edition, and catal. the list of words
which appears on pp. 596-9.
LIVIUS
Concordance I
R2
W
R2
w
Trag. 1
Trag. 1
19
19
2-4
2^
20-2
20-2
5-6
5-6
23
23
7
14
24
24
8
7
25
29
9
8
26-7
27-8
10-1
9-10
28-9
25-6
12
11
[p. 4 Ino]
41 a-d
13^
12-3
Traq. 30
31
15
15
31-4
32-5
16-7
16-7
35
30
18
18
36
39
630
CONXORDANCE I
R2
w
R2
w
37
36
2
2
38
38
3
3
39
37
4-5
4
40
41
6-7
5
41
40
8
6
Corn. 1
Com. 1
LIVIUS
Concordance II
w
R2
! w
R2
Trag. 1
I'ra^. 1
29
25
2-4
2-4
30
35
5-6
5-6
31
30
7
8
32-5
31-4
8
9
36
37
9-10
10-1
37
39
11
12
38
38
12-3
13-4
39
36
14
7
40
41
15
15
41
40
16-7
16-7
41a-d
p. 4 Ino
18
18
Com. 1
Ccrni. 1
19
19
2
2
20-2
20-2
3
3
23
23
4
4-5
24
24
5
6-7
25-6
28-29
6
8
27-8
26-7
NAEVIUS
Concordance I
R2
W
R2
w
Com. 1
Com. 1
5-7
10-12
2-3
2-3
8
9
4
4
9-10
5-6
631
R2
W
R2
w
11-2
13-4
[62]
—
13
8
63
catal.
14
7
64
catal.
14 1
catal.
65
Com. 104
15-6
Com. 16-7
66
64
17
15
67-8
65-6
18
20
69
67
19-19 1
18-9
70
68
20
21
71
(p. 96)
21-4:
22-6
72^
69-71
25
103
75-9
74-9
26
27
80
92
26 1
28
81
72
27-9
29-31
82
84-5
30-1
32
83-4
80-1
32-4
33-5
85
73
35
36
86
82
35 1
catal.
87
83
36-8
Com. 37-9
88-9
86-7
39-40
40-1
90-1
88-9
41-2
42-3
92-3
90-1
43
47
93 1
catal.
44
48
932
catal.
45
46
933
catal.
46-7
44-5
93*
(p. 104)
48
49
94
Com. 93
48 1-3
catal.
95
105
49
Com. 50
96-8
94-6
49 1
(p. 88)
99-102
97-100
49 2
Com. 51
103-4
101
49 3
52
105
102
50-1
53
106
Inc. 37
52
54
107
Inc. 28-9
53-^
58-9
108-110
Inc. 1-3
55
60
111-2
Inc. 25-6
56
56
113
Inc. 27
57
55
113 1
catal.
58
62-3
114
Inc. 15
59
61
115
Inc. 16
60
57
116
Inc. 18
61
(p. 92)
117
Inc. 19
632
CONCORDANCE I
R2
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126-7
128
129
130-1
131 1
132
133
134
135
136
137-8
Trag. 1-2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14-5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
w
Inc. 20
Inc. 21
Inc. 22
Inc. 30
Inc. 24
Inc. 23
Inc. 31
Inc. 9
Inc. 7-8
Inc. 10
Inc. 11-2
Inc. 13-4
catal.
catal.
catal.
Inc. 17
Inc. 32
Inc. 6
/wc. 4-5
Trag. 1-2
4
3
5
10-1
15
12
13
14
9
6-7
8
16
18
17
19
21
24
25
26
R2
23
24^6
27-8
29-31
32-3
34-5
36
37
38
39
40-1
42
43
44-5
46
47
48
49-50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
Praetext,
2
3
4
5-6
7-8
w
35
27-9
46-7
30-2
37-8
33-4
36
44
49
48
50-1
58
40
41-2
39
45
52-3
55-6
59
54
57
Inc. 38
Inc. 39
Trag. 22
Trag. 43
Inc. 40
Inc. 35
Inc. 36
Inc. 41
Trag. 20
Inc. 34
l7ic. 33
Trag. 23
(pp. 136-7)
Praetext. 1
(p. 139)
(p. 139)
2-3
Com. 106-7
633
NAEVIUS
NAEVIUS
Concordance II
w
R2
w
R2
Cam. 1
Com. 1
58-9
53-4
2-3
2-3
60
55
4
4
61
59
5-6
9-10
62-3
58
7
14
64
66
8
13
65-6
67-8
9
8
67
69
10-4
5-7, 11-2
68
70
15
17
69-71
72^
16-7
15-6
72
81
18-9
19-19 1
73
85
20
18
74-9
75-9
21
20
80-1
83^
22-6
21-4
82
86
27
26
83
87
28
26 1
84-5
82
29-31
27-9
86-7
88-9
32
30-1
88-9
90-1
33-5
32^
90-1
92-3
36
35
92
80
37-9
36-8
93
94
40-1
39-40
94-6
96-8
42-3
41-2
97-100
99-102
44-5
46-7
101
103^
46
45
102
105
47
43
103
25
48
44
104
65
49
48
105
95
50
49
106-7
Proetext. 7-8
61
492
Tmg. 1-2
Trag. 1-2
52
493
3
4
53
50-1
4
3
54
52
5
5
55
57
6-7
12
56
56
8
13
57
60
9
11
634
CONCORDANCE II
W
R2
w
R2
6
59
51
8
Praetext. 1
Praetext. 2
9
2-3
5-6
10
Inc. 1-3
Com. 108-110
7
4-5
137-8
14-5
6
136
17
7-8
126-7
16 1
9
125
18 !
10
128
62 i
11-2
129
19 ,
13-4
130-1
56 !
15
114
65 i
16
115
20
17
134
21
18
116
22
19
117
24-6
20
118
29-31
21
119
34-5
22
120
23
23
123
36
24
122
32-3
25-6
111-12
46
27
113
43
28-9
107
44-5
30
121
57
31
124
37
32
135
i 47
33
Trag. 64
27-8
34
63
39
35
59
38
36
60
40-1
37
Cam. 106
48
38
Trag. 54
52
39
55
49-50
40
58
53
42
41
61
635
PACUVIUS
PACUVIUS
Concordance I
R2
W
R2
w
Trag. 1 *
Trag. 1
53
71
1 b
3
54
67
2-4
4-6
55
70
5-8
7-10
56-7
78
9
24
58-9
60
10
23
60
75
11
25
61
56
12-4
26-8
62-3
57-8
15
12
64
59
16
15
65-6
62-3
17
21
67
61
18-9
16-7
68
50
20
22
69-70
64-5
20a-b
13-4
71
66
21
30
72
77
22
31
73
76
23-4
39-40
74-5
72-3
25
32
75 a
49
26
33
76-7
82-3
27-9
34-5
78
97
30
36
79
118
31
29
80-2
101-3
32-3
37-8
83-5
104-6
34
41
86-92
107-114
35
42
93
115
36
44
94
84
37
43
95-6
85-6
38-9
47-8
97
81
40
45
98
89
41-2
46
99
87
43
51
100
98
44-5
54
101
100
46
74
102-3
80
47
55
104-6
94-6
48-9
68-9
107
99
50-2
52-3
108
90
636
CONCORDANCE I
R2
W 1
R2
W
109-110
91-2
169
186
111
93
170-1
174-5
112
116 1
172
192
113-4
120-1 j
173
176
115
119 I
174
178
116-7
122-3
175
173
118
159 1
176
177
119-120
134
177
187
121
133 !
178
183
\22-A
127-9 ]
179-180
179-180
[125-7]
—
181
196
128
125 1
182-3
181-2
129
126
184
188
130
130
185
189
131-2
157-8
186
190
133
154
187
191
134
155
188-9
193-4
135
141
190
197-8
136
124 1
191-3
199-201
137-8
148-9 ;
194
202
139
136 1
195-6
203^
140-1
142-3
197-201
205-210
142
137
202
211
143-5
138-140
203
212
146
153
204
213
147
135
205
229
148
145
206-7
218-9
149
144
208-9
220-1
150
150
210
223
151-2
151-2
211
214
153-4
160-1
212
227
155-6
146-7
213
225
157
156
214
222
158-9
131-2
215
224
160
162
216
230
161-3
168-170
217
226
164
171
218
231
165
195
219-220
232-3
166
172
221
237
167
184
222
238
168
185
223
264
637
PACUVIUS
R2
W
R2
w
224
265
291
314
225
239
292
315
226
246
293
316
227
240
294
330
228
241
295
318
229
243
296-7
319-320
230-1
244-5
298
317
232
247
299-300
324-5
233
252
301
328
234
249
302
327
235
236
303
333
236
248
304-5
323
237
250
306
326
238
251
307
331
239
247
308
334
240
258
309-10
310-1
241-2
259
311
312
243
—
312
313
244-6
266-8
313-4
337-8
247
269
315
335
248
270
316
336
249
271
317
375
250-1
277-8
318
340
252
272
319
339
253-4
273^
320
341
255
279
321
369
256-267
280-291
322-3
370-1
268-9
294-5
324
372
270-1
292-3
325
368
272-3
297-8
326
344
274-5
299-300
327-330
345-9
276
301
331-2
350-1
277
302
333-4
361-2
278
303
335-6
363-4, 365
279-280
304
337-9
366-7
281-2
332
340
376
283
329
341
343
284-6
305-7
342-3
342
287-8
308-9
344
379
289
322
345-6
377-8
290
321
347
Inc. 55
638
CONCORDANCE II
R2
348
349
350-2
353-4
355
356
357-9
360-1
362
363
364
365
365 1-3
366-375
376
377
378
379-380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388-9
390
391
392
393
394
395
w
Trag. 11
2
18-20
Inc. 19
Trag. 228
Inc. 20
Inc. 52-4
Inc. 15-6
Inc. 34
Inc. 56
Inc. 14
Inc. 21
Trag. 163-6
Inc. 37-46
Inc. 48
Inc. 47
/wc. 49
7/2C. 50-1
Inc. 1
/wc. 22
Inc. 28
Tmgr. 117
TraY/. 79
Inc. 23
/wc. 24
Inc. 25-6
/wc. 30
/tic. 10
Inc. 13
/wc. 31
Inc. 32
/wc. 27
R2
396
397
398-9
400
401
402-3
404
405-6
407
408
409-416
417
418-9
420
421
422-3
424
425
426
p. 135 LV
p. 135 LVI
p. 135 LVII
p. 135 LVIII
p. 135 LIX
p. 135 LX
p^ 136 LXI
p. 136 LXII
p. 136 LXIII
Praetext. 1
2-3
4
5
w
Inc. 57
Trag. 242
Inc. 2-3
Inc. 17
Trag. 275-6
Inc. 11-2
Trag. 296
Inc. 4-5
Inc. 36
Trag. 352
Trag. 353-360
Inc. 6
Inc. 7-8
Inc. 9
Inc. 18
^rag. 373-4
/nc. 29
Inc. 33
/?ic. 35
catal.
catal.
catal.
catal.
catal.
catal.
catal.
catal.
catal.
Paulus 2
4
3
1
w
Trag. 1
2
3
PACUVIUS
Concordance II
R2
Trag. 1 a
349
lb
w
4-6
7-10
11
R2
2-4
5-8
348
639
PACUVIUS
w
R2
w
R2
12
15
66
71
13-4
20 a
67
54
15
16
68-9
48-9
16-7
18-9
70
55
18-20
350-2
71
53
21
17
72-3
74-5
22
20
74
46
23
10
75
60
24
9
76
73
25
11
77
72
26
12
78
56-7
27
13
79
385
28
14
80
102-3
29
31
81
97
30
21
82-3
76-7
31
22
84
94
32
25
85-6
95-6
33
26
87
99
34-5
27-9
88
Inc. Inc. Trag
36
30
138
37-8
32-3
89
Pac. 98
39-40
23-4
90
108
41
34
91-2
109-110
42
35
93
111
43-4
37,36
94-6
104-6
45
40
97
78
46
41-2
98
100
47-8
38
99
107
49
75 a
100
101
50
68
101-3
80-2
51
43
104-6
83-5
52-3
50-2
107-8
86-7
54
44-5
109
88
55
47
110-1
89
56
61
112-4
90-2
57-8
62-3
115
93
59
64
116
112
60
58-9
117
384
61
67
118
79
62-3
65-6
119
115
64-5
69-70
120-1
113-4
640
CONCORDANCE II
W
R2
W
R2
122-3
116-7
181-2
182-3
124
136
183
178
125
128
184
167
126
129
185
168
127-8
122-3
186
169
129
124
187
177
130
130
188
184
131-2
158-9
189
185
133
121
190
186
134
119-20
191
187
135
147
192
172
136
139
193-4
188-9
137
142
195
165
138-40
143-5
196
181
141
135
197-8
190
142-3
140-1
199-201
191-3
144
149
202
194
145
148
203-^
195-6
146-7
155-6
205-210
197-201
148-9
137-8
211
202
150
150
212
203
151-2
151-2
213
204
153
146
214
211
154 ■
133
215-7
Inc. Inc. Trag
155
134
80-2
156
157
218-9
Pac. 206-7
157-8
131-2
220-1
208-9
159
118
222
214
160-1
153-4
223
210
162
160
224
215
163-6
365 1-365 3
225
213
167
[p. 96]
226
217
168-70
161-3
227
212
171
164
228
355
172
166
229
205
173
175
230
216
174-5
170-1
231
218
176
173
232-3
219-20
177
176
234-5
Inc. Inc. Trag.
178
174
182-3
179-180
179-180
236
Pac. 235
64]
VOL. II.
TT
PAGUVIUS
w
R2
w
R2
237
221
304
279-80
238
222
305-7
285-6
239
225
308-9
287-8
240
227
310-1
309-10
241
228
312-3
311-2
242
397
314
291
243
229
315
292
244-5
230-1
316
293
246
226
317
298
247
232
318
295
248
236
319-320
296-7
249
234
321
290
250
237
322
289
251
238
323
304-5
252
233
324-5
299-300
253-6
Inc. Inc. Trag.
326
306
189-92
327
302
257
Pac. 239
328
301
258-9
240-2
329
283
260
Inc. Inc. Trag.
330
294
174-6
331
307
261-3
Inc. Inc. Trag.
332
281-2
186-8
333
303
264
Pac. 223
334
■ 308
265
224
335-6
315-6
266-8
244-6
337-8
313-4
269
247
339
319
270
248
340
318
271
249
341
320
272
252
342
342-3
273-4
253-4
343
341
275-6
401
344
326
277-8
250-1
345-9
327-30
279
255
350-1
331-2
280-91
256-67
352
408
292-3
270-1
353-60
409-16
294-5
268-9
361-2
333-4
296
404
363
335
297-300
272-5
364
335
301
276
365
336
302-3
277-8 i
366-7
337-9
642
CONCORDANCE I
w
R2
w
R2
368
325
15-6
360-1
369
321
17
400
370-1
322-3 || 18
421
372
324 1 19
353-4
373-4
422-3
20
356
375
317
21
365
376
340
22
382
377-8
345-6
23^
386-7
379
344
25-6
388-9
380
Inc. Inc. Trag.
27
395
92
28
383
Paulus 1
Praetext. 5
29
424
2
1
30
390
3
4
31
393
4
2-3 i 32
394
Inc. 1
Trag. 381 i 33
425
2-3
398-9
34
362
4-0
405-6
35
p. 134, LIV
6
417
36
407
7-8
418-9
37^6
366-375
9
420
47-51
377,376,378-80
10
391
52-4
357-9
11-2
402-3
55
347
13
392
56
363
14
364 l! 57
ACCIUS
Concordance I
396
R2
1 W
R2
w
Trag. 1
Trag. 2
17
462
2
3
18
468
3
1
19-21
458-460
4-9
452-7
22
4-5
10-1
463-4
23
12
12
465
24
6-7
13^
466-7
25-6
8-9
15
469
27-8
10-1
16
1 461
29
244
TT 2
643
ACCIUS
R2
30-1
32
33
34-5
36
37
38-9
40
41
42-4
45-8
49
50
51
52
53
54-5
56
57
58-9
60-1
62
63
64-5
66
67-8
69
70
71-2
73-4
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82-3
84
85
86
W
246
237
238
241-2
234
243
235-6
247
245
13-5
16-9
318
324
323
319
320
321-2
325
20
21
26-7
24
25
28-9
23
30-1
*32
22
33-4
35-6
37
38
44
43
42
39-40
41
45-6
55
49
50
R2
87
88-9
90
91
92
93
94
95
96-7
98-9
100
101
102
103-4
105-6
107
108
109-110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119-121
122
123
124
125-6
127
128
129
130
131-2
133-4
135
136-7
138-9
140-1
w
56
51-2
48
47
60-1
57
54
53
58-9
520-521
62
63
64
65
78
66
67
68-9
71
72
70
74
73
76
75
77
83-5
86
82
79
80-1
251
248
249
250
252-3
254-5
87
88-9
90
91-2
644
CONXORDANCE I
R2
142-3
144
145-6
147
148-9
150
151
152
153
154-^ a
155
156
157
158
159
160-1
162-3
164
165-6
167-8
169-170
171-3
174
175
176
177-8
179-182
183-4
185-6
187-8
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
197 = 196
198
199^201
202
W
93-4
95
96-7
98
99-100
124
102
101
119
120-1
122
123
118
125
126
127-8
129-130
133
131-2
153-4
134-5
136-7
138
148
147
143^
139-142
145-6
149-150
151-2
156
158
155
159
157
161
160
162
163
164-6
167
R2
203-4
205-213
214
215-6
217-8
219
220-2
223-5
226
227-8
229-230
231-2
233
234
234 1-2
235-6
237
238
239
240-2
243-4
245
246
247-8
249-251
252-3
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261 = p. 170
XIX
262-3
264r-5
266
267
268
269-270
W
168
169-177
178
179-180
181-2
186
187-9
183-5
190
192-3
196-7
194-5
198
191
199-200
201-2
203
206
209
204-5
207-8
210
225
211-2
213-4
215-6
217
218
219
221
220
224
226
222-3
227-8
229-230
231
232
233
256-7
645
ACCIUS
R2
w
R2
w
271
271
324
315
272
263
325-6
310-1
273
261
327-9
317
274
262
330
316
275-6
258-9
331-2
308-9
277
260
333-6
327-330
278
270
337
331
279-280
267-8
338
332
281
266
339
333
282
269
340
334
283-4
264-5
341
341
285-6
272-3
342
340
287
276
343
337
288
275
344-5
338-9
289-291
277-9
346
342
292
280
347-8
343-4
293
281
349
345
294-5
282-3
350
346
296
274
351-5
347-350
297
294
[356]
—
298
290
357-365
351-9
299-300
284-5
366-7
361-2
301
286
368-370
363-4
302
387
371-2
365-6
303
288
373
373
304
289
374-5
335-6
305-6
291-3
376
360
307
326
377-9
370-2
308
295
380
367
309
296
381
374
310-1
297-8
382-3
368-9
312-3
299-300
384
376
314
301
385
377
315
302
386
378
316
304
387
380
317
303
388-9
379
318
305
390
608
319
306
390 1-2
606-7
320
307
391-406
381-396
321
312
407
397
322-3
313-4
408
413
646
CONCORDANCE I
R2
409-410
411
412-3
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422-3
424
425-6
427
428
429
430-1
432
433
434
435
436
437-8
439
440
441
442
443
444-5
446
447
448-9
450
451-2
453-4
455
456
457
458-9
460
w
398-9
400
401-2
405
407
406
408
403
404
409
410
411-2
427
414
415
418
416
421
422
420
419
423
426
424-5
417
428
429
430
432
433-4
435
438-9
441-2
443
444-5
446-7
448
449
450
436-7
440
R2
W
461-2
431
463
451
464-5
477-8
466
473
467
480
468
472
469
479
470
470
471
474
472
471
473
482
474
476
475
475
476
481
477
catal.
478
Trag. 658
479-480
659-660
481
375
482-3
484
484
486
485
485
486
490
487
487
488
488
489
489
490
491
491
492
492
493
493-6
509-512
497
494
498-9
495-6
500
497
501
499
502-3
505-6
504-5
507-8
506
498
507
500
508-511
501-4
512
514
513 .
515
514
519
647
ACCIUS
R2
W
R2
w
515-6
516-7
593
596
517-8
513
594-5
597-8
519
518
596
599
520-4
522-6
597-8
600-1
525-8
527-530
599-600
602-3
529-536
533-540
601
605
537
541
602-3
656-7
538
544
604
610
539
542
605-7
611-13
540
543
608
609
541
548
609-610
614-5
542-3
545-6
611-2
637-8
544
547
613-7
629-636
545-6
554
618
633
547-8
555-6
619-620
625-6
549-553
549-553
621-2
627-8
554
557
623
622
555-6
547-8
624
618
557
558
625-6
634-5
558-9
562-3
627
636
560
568
628
623-4
561
569
629-630
620-1
562-5
564-7
631-2
616-7
566-7
571-2
633
619
568
570
634-5
645-6
210 XXII
636-9
639-642
569-573
573-7
640-1
648-9
574
579
642
647
575
578
643
655
576
582
644-5
654
577
584
646
650
578
583
647-8
643-4
579
581
649-650
652-3
580
580
651
Inc. 18
581-4
585-8
652-3
Inc. 16-7
585
593
653 1-5
Inc. 1-4
586
604
654
Inc. 28
687-9
590-2
655
Inc. 33
590
589
656
Inc. 34
591
. 594
657-9
Inc. 19-21
592
595
660
Inc. 37
648
CONXORDANXE II
R2
w
; R2
w
661-2
Inc. 30-1
p. 226
catal.
[663-4]
—
XXXVII
665
Inc. 7
p. 226
catal.
666
Inc. 29
XXXVIII
667
Inc. 6
p. 226
668
Inc. 10
XXXIX
X 222 XV
catal.
p. 226 XL
catal.
669
Inc. 5
p. 227 XLI
catal.
670-1
Inc. 14-5
p. 227 XLII
catal.
672
Trag. 483
p. 227 XLIII
cata .
[673-4]
—
Praetext. 1
Praetext
675-6
Inc. S^9
2
13
677
Inc. 11
3-4
4-5
678-680
Inc. 22-4
5-6
6-7
681
Inc. 42
7
8
682
Inc. 27
8
9
683-4
Inc. 25-6
9
10
685
Inc. 43
1 10-11
11-2
686
/wc. 40
12-3
2-3
687-8
Inc. 12-3
14
15
689-690
7wc. 35-6
15
14
691-2
/nc. 38-9
16
16
693
Inc. 41
17-38
17-38
694
/wc. 44
39
41
695
Inc. 32
40
40
696
cafaZ.
41
39
697
p. 226
ca^a/.
XXXVI
ACC
Concord
lUS
ance II
w
R2 i
W
R2
Tmg. 1
Tragr. 3
8-9
25-6
2
1
10-1
27-8
3
2
12
23
4-5
22 !
13-5
42^
6-7
24 1
16-9
45-8
649
ACCIUS
w
R2
w
R2
20
57
. 74
114
21
58-9
75
117
22
70
76
116
23
66
77
118
24-5
62-3
78
105-6
26-7
60-1
79
124
28-9
64-5
80-1
125-6
30-1
67-8
82
123
32
69
83-5
119-21
33-4
71-2
86
122
35-6
73-4
87
135
37
75
88-9
136-7
38
76
90
138-9
39-40
80
91-2
140-1
41
81
93-4
142-3
42
79
95
144
43
78
96-7
14.5-6
44
77
98
147
45-6
82-3
99-100
148-9
47
91
101
152
48
90
102
151
49
85
103-8
Inc. Inc. Trag
50
86
49-54
51-2
88-9
109-14
Inc. Inc. Trag
53
95
5;5-60
54
94
115-17
Inc. Inc. Trag
55
84
61-3
56
87
118
Ace. 157
57
93
119
153
58-9
96-7
120-1
154-4 «
60-1
92
122
155
62
100
123
156
63
101
124
150
64
102
125
158
65
103-4
126
159
66-7
107-8
127-8
160-1
68-9
109-10
129-30
162-3
70
113
131-2
16r>-6
71
111
133
164
72
112
134-5
169-70
73
115
136-7
171-3
650
CONXORDANXE II
w
R2
w 1
R2
138
174
213-4
249-51
139-142
179-182
215-6
252-3
143-4
177-8
217
254
14^6
183-4
218
255
147
176
219
256
148
175
220
258
149-50
185-6 1
221
257
151-2
187-8 I
222-3
261 = p. 170
153-4
167-8 1
XIX
155
191
224
259
156
189 !
225
246
157
193 1
226
260
158
190 1
227-8
262-3
159
192
229-30
264-5
160
195
231
266
161
194
232
267
162
197 = 196
233
268
163-6
198-201
234
36
167
202
235-6
38-9
168
203-^
237
32
169-177
205-213
238
33
178
214
239-240
Inc. Inc. Trag
179-180
215-6
36-7
181-2
217-8
241-2
Ace. 34-5
183-5
223-5
243
37
186
219
244
29
187-9
220-2
245
41
190
226
246
30-1
191
234
247
40
192-3
227-8
248-9
128-9
194-5
231-2
250
130
196-8
229-230, 233
251
127
199-200
234 1-2
252-3
131-2
201-2
235-6
i 254-5
133-4
203
237
256-7
269-70
204-5
240-2
258-9
275-6
206
238
260
211
207-8
243-4
261
273
209
239
262
274
210
245
263
272
211-2
1 247-8
1 264-5
283-4
6^1
ACCIUS
w
R2
W
R«
266
281
321-2
54-6
267-8
279-80
323
61
269
282
324
50
270
278
325
56
271
271
326
307
272-3
285-6
327-30
333-6
274
296
331-2
337-8
275
288
333-4
339-340
276
287
335-6
374-5
277-9
289-291
337
343
280
292
338-9
344^5
281
293
340
342
282-3
294-5
341
341
284-5
299-300
342
346
286
301
343-4
347-8
287
302
345
349
288
303 1
346
350
289
304
347-50
351-5
290
298
351-9
357-365
291-3
305-6
360
376
294
297
361-2
366-7
295
308
363-4
368-370
296
309 1
365-6
371-2
297-8
310-1
367
380
299-300
312-3
368-9
382-3
301
314
370-2
377-9
302
315
373
373
303
317
374
381
304
316
376
481'
305-6
318-9
376
384
307
320
377
385
308-9
331-2
378
386
310-1
32.5-6
379
388-9
312
321
380
387
313^
322-3
381-396
391-406
315
324 !
397
407
316
330
398-9
409-10
317
327-9
400
411
318
49
401-2
412-3
319
52
403
418
320
53
404
419
652
CONCORDANCE II
W
405
406
407
408
409
410
411-2
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424-5
426
427
428
429
430
431-2
433^
435
436-7
438-9
440
441-2
443
444-5
446-7
448
449
450
451
452-7
458-460
461
R2
414
416
415
417
420
421
422-3
408
425-6
427
429
439
428
434
433
430-1
432
435
437-8
436
424
440
441
442
461-2, 443
444-5
446
458-9
447
460
448-9
450
451-2
453-4
455
456
457
463
4-9
19-21
16
W
462
463-4
465
466-7
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477-8
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495-6
497
498
499
500
501-4
505-6
507-8
509-12
513
514
R2
17
10-1
12
13-4
18
15
470
472
468
466
471
475
474
464-5
469
467
476
473
672
482-3
485
484
487
488
489
486
490
491
492
497
498-9
500
506
501
507
508-511
502-3
504-5
493-6
517-8
512
653
ACCIUS
w
R2
w
R2
515
513
593
685
516-7
515-6
594
591
518
519
595
592
519
514
596
593
520-1
98-9
597-8
594-5
522-6
520-4
599
596
527-530
525-8
600-1
597-8
531-2
Inc. Inc. Trag.
602-3
599-600
71-2
604
586
533-540
Ace. 529-536
605
601
541
537
606-7
390 1-2
542-3
539-540
608
390
544
538
609
608
545-6
542-3
610
604
547
544
611
605
548
541
612-3
606-7
549-553
549-553
614-5
609-610
554
545-6
616-7
631-2
555-6
547-8
618
624
557
554
619
633
558
557
620-1
629-630
559-60
555—6
622
623
561
Inc. Inc. Trag.
623-4
628
69
625-6
619-20
562-3
Ace. 558-9
627-8
621-2
564-7
562-5
629-632
613-7
568
560
633-5
618, 625-6
569
561
636
627
570
568
637-8
611-2
571-2
566-7
639-642
636-9
573-7
569-73
643^
647-8
578
575
64^6
634-5
579
574
647
642
580
580
648-9
640-1
581
579
650
646
582
576
651
Inc. Inc. Trag
583
578
240
584
577 1
652-3
Ace. 649-650
585-8
581-4
654
644-5
589
590
655
643
590-2
587-9
656-7 1
602-3
654
UNASSIGNED. CONCORDANCE I
w
R2
w
R2
658
478
10
668
659-660
479-480
11
677
Praetext. 1
Praetext. 1
12-3
687-8
2-3
12-3
14-5
670-1
4-5
3-4
16-7
652-3
6-7
5-6
18
651
8
7
19-21
657-9
9
8
22^
678-680
10
9
25-6
683^
11-2
10-1
27
682
13
2
28
654
14
15
29
666
15
14
30-1
661-2
16
16
32
695
17-38
17-38
! 33-4
655-6
39
41
: 35-6
689-90
40
40
37
660
41
39
38-9
691-2
Ace. Inc.
Ace. Trag.
40
686
1-4
653 1-5
1 41
693
5
669
42
681
6
667
43
685
7
665
44
694
8-9
675-6
FRAGMENTS NOT ASSIGNED
TO ANY AUTHOR
Concordance I
R2
W R2
W
Inc. Inc. Trag.
Inc. Inc. Trag. 18-9
13-4
1
45
[20]
—
2
—
21
Enn. Trag. 66
3
35
22
Inc. Inc. Trag.
4
36
42
5-16
Enn. Trag.
23-4
Enn. Trag.
38-49
1
237-8
17
Inc. Inc. Trag.
25
Inc. Inc. Trag.
122
116
655
NOT ASSIGNED TO ANY AUTHOR
R2
w
R2
w
26
49
93-5
Inc. Inc. Trag.
27
Lucil. Vol. III.
60-2
28
Inc. Inc. 50
96-100
147-151
29
51
101-3
46-8
30-1
98-9
104-6
69-74
32-3
39-40
107
Enn. Ann.
34
43
369
35
44
108-9
Enn. Trag.
36-7
Ace. Plays
356-7
239-240
110
Inc. Inc. Trag.
38
66
39
—
111
67
40-1
Inc. Inc. Trag.
112
72
100-1
113
130
42
154
114
129
43
92
115-7
125-7
44
158
[118]
—
45-6
34
119
73
47-8
58-9
120-2
74-6
49-54
Ace. Plays
123-4
77-8
103-108
125-6
23-4
55-60
109-114
127-8
131-2
61-3
115-117
129-130
133-4
64-6
Inc. Inc. Trag.
131
135
53-5
132
1
67-8
56-7
133-7
Enn. Trag.
69
Ace. Plays 561
157-161
70
Inc. Inc. Trag.
138
Pac. 88
63
139-140
Inc. Inc. Trag.
71-2
Ace. Plays
159-160
531-2
141
94
73-7
Inc. Inc. Trag.
142
163
15-9
143-4
25-6
78
142
145-6
27-8
79
164
146 1
80
80-4
97, 20
147
141
85-7
148
Carm. Nelei 5 <>
88-9
21-2
149
Inc. Inc. Trag.
90
41
128
91
52
150-2
106-8
92
Pac. 380
163
105
656
CONCORDANCE I
R2 1
W 1
R2
W
154 '
37
217
Inc. Inc. Trag.
155
81
156-8
2-3
218
121
159
4
219
—
160
109
220-1
119-120
161
Enn. Trag. 277
222
93
162
Inc. Inc. Trag.
223
139
224-5
Enn. Spur. ? 29
163-4
90-1
226
Inc. Inc. Trag.
165-171
5-11
146
172-3
Enn. Trag.
227
—
282-3
228
162
174-5
Pac. 260
229
145
176-180
Inc. Inc. Trag.
230
catal.
82-6
231
catal.
181
87
232
182
Pac. 234
233
.
183
Pac. 235
234
.
184-5
Inc. Inc. Trag.
235
Liv. Ody.ss. 42
143^
236
—
186-8
Pac. 261-3
237
189-192
Pac. 253-6
238
193
■ Inc. Inc. Trag.
239
—
140
240
Ace. Plays 651
194-5
123-4
241
196
68
242
197-9
102-4
243
Inc. Inc. Trag.
200-1
136-7
38
202
138
244
Caecil. 275
203
! 118
245-8
Inc. Inc. Trag.
204
114
110-3
205-8
i 29-32
249-50
64-^
209
1 115
251-2
95-6
210
\ 33
253
Lucil. Vol. III.
211
i 117
254
Lucil. Vol. III.
212
1 79
255-6
Inc. Inc. Trag.
213 1-3
Enn. Trag. 215
152-3
214
Inc. Inc. Trag.
257-8
88-9
12
259
215-6
Carm. Nelei
260
155
5a-b
261
\[adlnc.lnc.\m^
VOL. II.
uu
NOT ASSIGNED TO ANY AUTHOR
FRAGMENTS NOT ASSIGNED
TO ANY AUTHOR
Concordance II
w
R2
! W
R2
''wc. Inc.
Inc. Inc. Trag.
66
110
Trag. 1
132
67
111
2-3
156-8
68
196
4
159
69-71
104-6
5-11
165-171
72
112
12
214
73
119
13-4
18-9
94-6
120-2
15-9
73-7
77-8
123-^
20
84
79
212
21-2
88-9
80
146 1
23-4
125-6
81
217
25-6
143-4
82-7
176-181
27-8
145-6
88-9
257-8
29-32
205-8
90-1
163-4
33
210
92
43
34
45-6
93
222
35-6
3-4
94
141
37
154
95-6
251-2
38
243
97
83
39-40
32-3
98-9
30-1
41
90
100-1
40-1
42
22
102-4
197-9
43-4
34-5
105
153
45
1
106-8
150-2
46-8
101-3
109
160
49
26
110-3
245-8
50
28
114
204
51
29
115
209
52
91
116
25
53-5
64-6
117
211
56-7
67-8
118
203
58-9
47-8
119-120
220-1
60-62
93-5
121
218
63
70
122
17
64-5
249-250
123-4
194-5
658
CONCORDANCE II
w
R2
w
R2
125-7
115-7
155
260
128
149
156
Com. Pall
129
114
Inc. Inc. 90-1
130
113
157
94
131-2
127-8
158
Inc. Inc. Trag.
133-5
129-131
4.4:
136-8
200-2
159-160
139-140
139
162
161
Com. Pall.
140
193
Inc. Inc. 64
141
147
162
Inc. Inc. Trag
142
78
228
143-4
184-5
163
142
145
229
164
79
146
226
165
Com. Pall.
147-151
96-100
Inc. Inc. 104
152-3
255-6
165
105
154
42
u u 2
659
INDEX
{The numbers refer to pages)
aljiugat 252
Absyrtus 261
accepso 298-9
Accius ix, xi, xviii ff., 326 ff., 598-9,
604-7
Achaeans 29, 119, 371, 505, 625
Achelous 333, 336, 339
Acheron 603 ; Acherante, -is 602
Achilles 2-3, 15, 117, 119, 172-3,
231, 306-7, 326-7, 360-1, 363,
428 flE., 480 fE., 487, 515, 517,
536, 543, 551, 567, 569, 573, 578-9
Achilli 360
Achivi 210, 246-7, 295, 446-7, 504
Achivom 624
Acoetes 273-5
Acontizomenos 74
acricrepantes ? 394
Acrisius 112-7, 494
acritas 488
Actor 509
actutum 124
adauctavit 558
adfatim 22
adiatio 598
adiudicarier 362
adiugat 204, 238
adiutamini 196
adiutatur 220
adoriant 118
adplicavisti 312
adprimus 28
Adrastus 421, 427, 464, 527
Adria 355
adtigat 254
adtolatl78, 254
adulat 532
Aea 250-1
Aeacus 438
Aeaea 265
Aeetes 248, 257 &.., 456-7, 463, 601
Aegaean 306-7
Aegates Islands 65
Aegeus 248
Aegialeus 612-3
Aegina 439
Aegisthus 2-7, 209, 213, 215-9,
221, 328-31, 407, 436-7, 605
Aemilius Paulus, Lucius 587
Aeneadae 552 ff.
Aeneas 47, 49-51, 54-7, 67, 351-5,
565, 608-9
Aenesi 49
Aeolus (son of Hellen) 18 ; (son of
Hippotes) 37, 53
aequiter 2, 190, 354
aericrepantes ? 395
Aerope 385
aesti 194
aetemabilis 404
Aetna 266-7
Aetolia415, 470
Africa 61
After-Born 420 If.
Agamemno(n) 3-5, 117, 172-5, 177,
192-3, 208, 211, 215, 249, 293,
327-8, 331, 368-9, 375, 625
Agave 272-5, 393, 401-3
agceps xxiii
Agchises xxiii
agcilla xxiii
agcora xxiii
aggens xxiii
Aggitia xxiii
aggueis xxiii
agguilla xxiii
aggulus xxiii
aggustum xxiii
agnota 206
agquirit xxiii
Agrigentum 59
66 1
INDEX
Agrius 274-5, 281-3, 285, 415, 465 fif.
ai 140
Aiax see Ajax
aibsint 454
Ajax, son of Oileus 31, 408-9, 571
Ajax, S071 of Telamon 7-9, 172-5,
179, 287, 293, 360-9, 483, 609-10
Alba 139
Alcestis 332-3
Alcinous 33, 35, 37, 39
Alcraaeon 274, 279, 332 ff., 414,
420 ff.
Alcmene 340-3
Alcmeo 332, 424, 426
alcTon 314
aleo 144
Aletes 437, 439
Aleus 180-1, 193
Alexander (Paris) 117
algu 350
Alphesiboea 336 ff.
Alpheus 498-9
altercas 246
Althaea 466, 471, 475-7, 479
Alumentus 564-5
alvus 592-3
amasco 140
amiciter 220
amolimini 166
amolire 232
Amphiaraus 335, 420-1, 426, 465,
549, 605
Amphilochus 340, 420 ff.
Amphinomus 41
Amphio 158 ff.
Amphissa 437
Amphitryo(n) 309, 340 ff.
amplant 296
amplexa 332
ampl iter 418
amploctens 32
Amulius 56-7, 138-9
Amyclae 404-5
Anchialus 11
Anchisa 48 ; Anchisem 564 ; Anchises
49, 355, 565
Aacialus 10
ancillaiis472
anclabatur 40; anculabant 14-5
Andromache 10-1, 110-1, 371, 375
Andromeda 8-9, 346 ff.
Andronicus, see Lirius Andronicus
anf facta 440
angustitatem 338, 500
animatus 428
662
Annals 590-3
ante icith ablative 598
Antenor 354-5
Antenoridae 354
Anticlea 266-7
Antigone 356-9, 531
Antilochu-s 431, 480-1
Antinous 29
Antiopa 158 ff.
Antiphata 267
antistitara 376
antruans (amptruans ?) 298-9
anxitudine 226 ; anxitudo 366, 444
Apella, Apelles 106-7
Apennines 553
Aphrodite 71 ; see Venus
apluda 144
Apollo 11, 35, 58-9, 192, 197, 225,
333, 425, 602-3
appetissis 368
applar 598
Apsyrtus 456-7, 461, 463
Aquilol20
Arcades 380
Arcadia(n) 180-1, 332, 381
Ardea 560-1
Areopagus 437
Argeia 526
Argire 370-1, 390-1, 422-.3, 446-7,
514-5, 549, 608-9
Argo 456 ff., 521 ff.
Argonauts 456 ff., 520 ff.
Argos 235, 274, 416-7, 420, 401,
536-7, 572-3, 608-9, 612-3
Argus 454-5
armentas 160
Areinoe 333, 335-6
arvas 124, 322
arviga, arvignus 699
Ascanius 355
Asia xviii, xx, 122, 614-5
aspecti 338, 374
Assaracus 564-5
Astacus 464
astu? 320-1; cp. astici p. 162
Astyanax 370-5
Astvnome 192
Ata"lant» 180 ff., 470 ff.
atattatae 100
Athamas 18-9, 376-81
Athena 25, 27, 43, 172, 175, 465, 571
Athens 248, 542, 590-1
Atilius Regulus, Marcus 61
Atlantes, Atlases 66-7
Atlas 30-1, 380-1
INDEX
Atreiis 331, 3G9, 380-91, 402-3, 405,
483, 571, 607-9, 612-3
Atridae 369, 482, 606, 608
attat 356
attattattat attatae 86-7
Attic 547
Attica 437, 439, 607-7 ; Atticae 546
attigat 426
aucupant370; aucupol94,458
Auge 180-1, 187, 189-91
augura {noun) 538
augurat 198; augurem 344; augiiro,
496
auricomus? 614
Aurora 628-9
ausis 360
auspicat62
Aventine xi-xii, 56-7
Avemus 610-1
averruncassere 256 ; avernincassit 206
avorsabili 368
axena 250
axiin280
B
Bacchae, Bacchic 126, 279, 392 flf.
Bacchanals, Bacchants 122 ff., 393 ft.
Bacchus 237, 278-9, 281, 300-1; see
Liber
Baebius 579, 585
baetere 254 ; baetite 268
balatium 56-7
baltea 42, 582
Bellum Poenicum 46 ff.
bicorpor 438 ; bicorpores 66
bilbit 148
bisulcae 254
Boeotia 158-9, 525
bount 264
Brutus, Decimus Gallaecus xx, xxii,
594-5
Brutus, Lucias Junius 5G0-1
buttubatta 597
Cabiri 506-7, 569
Cadmeide 392
Cadmogena 544
Cadmus 377, 393, 397, 403, 525,
caepam78; caepe 80
Caesar Strabo, C. Julius xxi
Calais 520
Oalchas 370-3
Caleti 556-7
Calidonia 274
Calipsonem 30 ; Calypsonem 308
Calirrhoe 333, 335-6
callemus 556; callent 188. 330;
626; callet486
calvi 260; calvitur 218, 262; calvor
450
Oalydon 274-5, 333, 415, 470, 473
Calvijso 31, 269, 309
Gamena(e) 24, 154
Camilla 256-7
camo 426
CampauiAu xiv ; 553
camterem 188
caperrata 88
Caphareus 210-1
Capis 564
capissam 182
capsit476
Capys 565
carchesiis 14
carere 597
Carmen Selei 626-9
Carthage xii, xvii, 59
casca 139
cassabundum 144-5
Cassandra 4-5, 11, 117, 249, 406-9
Cassiope, Cassiepeia 346-7, 349
Castalia 16-7
castitudinem 526
castra {fern, sing.) 558
castCis 56-7
Catamitum 564
Cato Licinianus 305 ; the Elder
xiii, 305
Caucasus 533
cautim 340, 510
celer {fern. ?) 40
celeranter 354
celere 304
celeripedes 618
Cephalo 308-9
Cepheus .346-9, 351
Ceres 58-9, 148-9
certetur 174
certiscant? 198
cette 184, 464
Charops 123
Chersonesus 237
Chiro(n) 14-5
Chryseis 192
Chryses {elder and younger) 192 ff.
Clurysippus 402-5, 500
Cicero xxi
663
INDEX
Ciclops 40
cicur 312
cicurare 312
Cimmerian 54-5
Circai 36
Circe 37, 264-5, 269, 273
circos 346
Cisseis 308-9
Cisseus 308-9
Cithaeron 158-9, 272-5, 394-6, 612-3
citrosam 50-1
clanculum 220
Clastidium xv, 136-7
Claudius Marcellus, M. xv, 136-7
Claudius, P. G3-4
Cleopatra (wife of Meleager) 473;
(wife of Phineus) 520, 523
clepere 384; cleperet 422; clepsisse
508 ; clepsit 232
clipeat 232
cluentur236; cluet 624
Clusium 553
Clytaemestra 4 ; see Clytaemnestra
Clvtaemnestra 5, 208-11, 219-21,
227, 249, 328-31, 406-11, 436,
581
Colchian 251, 457, 615; Colchis
248-9, 251, 376, 456; Colchorum
614 ; Oolchos 250
Collatia 560-1
CollatLUus 560-1
collum426; collus 142
Comaetho 341
comedies in Greek
74ff.,82fE.
comedy in Rommi
138-9, 149
comitasset 436
Compitalibus 106
conata 382
concinnat 60-1
concipilavisti 597
concorditatem 234
conestat? 474
confictant 104
conficte? 296-7
confluges 8-9
confrages (conflages?) 152-3
congenerat 522
conitier 560
consponsi 598
consternare 278; constematur 216-7
contempla 514
coutemplo 112
contuit 160
20-3,
dress
dress xv, 80-1 ,
copem 284
Cornelius, G. 586-7
Cornelius, see Scipio
cornifrontes 160
corporare 534
Crcon 248, 253, 359, 529-31
crepera 210, 530, 538
creterrasoO; creterris 128
Cretheus 376-9, 626
crispisulcans 408
crocotis 128
Cronia 590-1
cuiatis 328, 542
cunctant 336
Cupido (ma^c.) 92
cupienter 510
current c'is 76
Cychreus 438
Cvclops 41, 578-9
Cyprus 287, 439
dacrimas 32
Uanae 8-9, 112-7
Danai 228-9, 288-9,
480-1, 606-9
Danube 123, 456-7
danunt 62, 244
daps 26
dapsiliter 86
Dardaniis 504
Dardanus 505, 520, 564-5
datatim 98
Daulia, Daulis 542-3
debiliter 248
Decius Mus, Publius 552 fT,
decoreni 70
dedicat 340
defricate 102
Deidameia 484-7, 573
Deiphilus (Deipylus) 236-;
245, 247, 315
Deiphobus 410-1
Deipyle 464
deiugat 196
deivitant 130
delica 326
delitor 386
Delplii(an), Delphic 58-9,
225, 233, 235, 286-7,
377,536, 539
Demeter 455
Demodice 376-7, 379
Demodocus 33, 35
demolio 88
372-3, 412-3,
!09, 212-3,
330, 337,
664
INDEX
Demonaesa 424-5
demus 596
depuvit 142
derepente 374
desertitudines 598
despica 108
destitui 90
desubito 448
devoro 558
dextrabus 42
dia 462
diabathra 130
Diana 19, 192-3, 248, 257, 330,
437-8, 457, 470
Didascalica o78 ff.
dignabor 486; dignavi 474; digner
390; dignet248
Diomedes 274 ff., 414 fE., 485, 488,
492-3, 504-5, 513
Dionysus 122-3, 392-5, 397, 399,
534-5, 543. See Liber
Dirce 165-7, 170-1, 548-9
discorditas 230
dispulveras 90
divexarier 240
dividae ( ? for dividiae) 526
dividia 360, 597
divides 352
Dolo(n) 493-5
domuitione 372; domutionem 228,
608
donicum 32
Dorian 365 ; Dorica 364
draco 513
Drepana 63
Dryas 122, 134-5
Duilius 62
duis 250
dulcitas 546
Dulorestes 208 fE.
duona 36
dusmo 16
duum 100, 574
E
ecbolas 106
Ecnomus 61
Edones 122, 534
edundod 80
efflictim 86
eglutro 26
Egnatius 552-3, 555
egregissima 256
Egyptian) 454-5
eho 78
ei(exclam.)lOO
Electra 5, 209, 211, 213, 330-1, 407,
411,605
Electrvon 340-1, 343
Eleusis 615
elimina 526
eliminat 220, 622
Eneti 355
Enipeus 626
EnniusviijXrii-sviii, 600-3
enoda 442
enodat 284
Epaphus 455
epicroco 130
Epigoni 414, 420 fE.
Epinausimache 428 fE.
Epius, 117
Epopeus 158-9
Erebus 600-1
Erigona 436 fE.
Eriphyle 332-3, 420-1, 424-57,
438-9, 605
errantia 488
Eryx 65, 71
escas igen.) 30
essis 558-9
Eteocles 526-7
Ethiopia 346
Etruscans 552
eumpse 178
eumpsum 476
Euripides 582-3
Europa 496-7
Eurota(s) 604-5
EurA-clea 264-7
Eurysaces 292, 297, 367, 438 fE.
evagat 548
Evander 380-1
exanclarem 342; exanclari 280;
exanclavimus 414
excelsissimei 584
exerciti 60, 366, 430,629?
expectora 424; expectorant 528
expedibo 186, 284, 494
expergite 358
expes 448, 462
extorris 440
Fabius Maximus Eullianus 552 fE,
fabula persmiata 94-5
fabula togata xv, 80-1, 138-9, 149
fabulae palliatae xv, 20-3, 74 fE., 82 fE.
665
INDEX
fabulae praetcxtae xv, xix, 136-9
facesse290; facessite 290
facul 316, 476
fallaciloquae 576
Faltx) 65
famulanter 544
famulitas 188, 352
fatiscar220, 434
faxis 86, 210; faxsit 314, 514
fervat 326; fervere 536; fervit 476,
490
fetis 394
filie 24
fitum 38
flaccent 326
flexanima 232, 300
flexivia? 218
flictus 296
fligi 328, 430 ; fligit 6
fluctil94,406,538
flustris 68
fluviae 500
fortunas {gen.) 70
Fortune 66-7, 318-9, 348-9, 372-3,
540-1
fragescat 440
fragescunt 328
frena 576
frendere, frendo 168
f return {ace. masc.) 120-1
frigit 472
fuas 10-1, 628 ; fuat 208
fulgore 254, 396
fulgorlvit 114
Furies 226-7, 477
a
G-anymede 565
G^allaecus xx, xxii, 594-5
Gallic 554-5
Gaul(s) 136, 552-3, 555, 557
gavisi 38
Gellius Egnatius 552-3, 555
gelu (neut.) 8
geminitudinem 182-3
generibus {for generis) 334
Giants, Gigantes 66-7
glucidatus 597
gnarigavit 596
gnobilid22; gnobilis 416
goerare? 594
gracilitudo 312
gradilis 302
Graccia 30, 480, 516
Grai 150, 202, 446, 610; Graia 214;
Graio 522; Graios 198, 234, 616;
Graiium 486; Graium 590
Graiugena 310
grandaevitas 224, 396; grand-
aevitatem 336
gratatum 232
gratulatur 56
Greece 31, 487, 517
Greek(s) 3, 7, 31, 51, 151, 173, 199,
203, 215, 234-6, 289, 293, 311,
328, 354-5, 370-1, 375, 407,
411, 447, 453, 484, 487, 489,
517, 523, 536-7, 578-9, 591,
611,617
gressio 302
grummum 496
gutturem 148
habet (= habitat) 88-9, 508
Hamilcar Barca 63, 65
Hannibal 67, 69
Harnionia 420-1, 427
Harpies 521, 523
Hasdrubal x, 586
Hector 118-9, 173, 287, 364-5,
375, 433, 435, 566-7, 606-7
Hectora xxiii, 364, 566, 599
Hecuba 117, 242-3, 308-9, 370-1,
452-3
Helen 117, 242-3, 267, 355, 375, 411
Helle 376-7, 379, 381; Helles 612
Hellenes 452
Hellespont 122, 376, 613
Hercules 84-5, 119, 181, 189, 332-3,
504, 512, 521, 523, 569, 611
lierem 92
Hermiona, Hermioue 10-1, 224 flf.
Hesiod 578-9
Hesiona, Hesione 118-9, 286, 289,
301
Hiero 63
Hippodamia 380-1, 402-3, 405,
494 fif., 611
Ilipponous 274
Hippotos 248, 253, 258-9
Histnim 122
Homer 578-9
homones 36
honestitudo 480, 496
hostio 300
hymns xi-xiii
Hyperion 629
666
INDEX
lason 460 ; see Jason
Ias(i)us 180-1, 470
icit 114, 178
Ida 194-5
Idaea {woman) 521, 523
iggenmt xxiii
ignavavit 556
Ilia 57
ilico 62, 450
Iliona 236 fif.
Ilium 294-5; see Troy
Ilius 536
Ilus 564-5
Imbros 569
Inachus 428-9, 455
incertat 218
incicorem 312
incilans 474; incilas 410; incilet
212
ncurvicervicum 292
indecorabiliter 400
indecoris 378
inenodabile 338
infabre 272
infans f acinus 376
inimiciter 580
initas 160
iniurie 132
iniuros 132
inlexe 384
iimioenes 446-9
Ino 18-9, 377
inpetibiles 342
inpos 580
insece 24
inseriauntur 36
insolens 190
insolentia 414
insomnia 168, 598
integrate 198 ; integrem 354
interbibere 152
interead 12
interpretarier 218
inumigant 8
invisita? 440-1
Id 454-5 ; loni 454
Iolcu3 377, 627
Ionian 612-3
lovis {nam.) 432, 597-8
Iphigenia 120-3, 192-3 207, 330-1,
609
Iphimachus 504
ipsus 6, 390
is {for ei) 252
Isis 455
Ismene 357
Ismenus 549
Ister 456-7
Isthmus 612-3
Italians, Italy 19, 47, 54-5, 81
itere 496; iteris 126, 542
Ithaca 43, 264-5, 413
Ithacensis 412
itiner 182, 212, 256, 478, 496
Itys 11, 13, 547
iuxtim 4
Jason, 63, 456 flf.
Jocasta 524-5, 527
Juno xi, 18, 31, 235, 377 (Hera),
454-5, 570-1
Jupiter 25, 47, 53, 112-5, 158-9,
303, 316-7, 408-9, 419, 433,
454 (Zeus), 508-9, 564-5, 596,
598-9, 608-9, 616-7, 620-1
labascat 572
labos 280
Lacaenas 604
Lacedaemon 31, 227
lacerta388
lactans 334; lactat 242; lactem
460
Laelius xviii
Laerta 412; Laert~s 27, 413, 505,
607 ; Laertie 26
laetarem 502 ; laetavisti 6
Laethusa 10, 13
laetitudine 400; laetitudinom 334
Laius 402-3
lamentas 226
Lanuvini 80 ; LanuTium 81
Laodamas 35
Laodameia 287
Laomedon 119
lapit 276
Lares 106
largi 418
Lartius 606
Latinus 55
Latium 55
Latona 35 ; Latonas {gen.) 34
lavere 116, 462 ; lavit 522
Lemnia 506 ; Lemnius 504
667
INDEX
Lemnos 504-7, 569
lepistas 50
Liber 14-5, 122-35, 147-9, 166-7,
237, 272-5, 278-9, 281, 392-5
(Dionysus), 534-5, 612-3
Liberalia 146
Lilybaeum 63, 67, 69
limavit 12
lingula 118
liquier 560
Livius Andronicus viii-xiv, xxii,
2-43, 116, 586-7, 596, 626-7
Livius, Marcus 554-5, 559
Livius Salinator ix-x, xii, 586-7
Locri 436-7
Lucam, Lucanian 72-3
Lucetius 596
Lucretia 560-3
lucti 494, 502
Ludu3? 110-1
Lupus 110, 136-9
lustro 144
Lutatius Catulus 64-5
Ljcomedes 484-5
Lycurgus 122-35, 534-7
Lycus 158-9, 165, 170-1
M
Macedon 302
Machaon 505
mac ore 276
mactem 428
Maenads 125, 129, 167, 534-5, 545
maestaret 482
maestitudo 540
magnificissimei 584
magnitate 396
Maia 380-1
malacis 128
Malta 61
niandisset 40
Manlius Torquatus, T. 149
mansues 476
manticuJa ? 320
manticulandum 320-1 (cp. 318-9)
manticulator 320-1 (cp. 318-9)
manubiae 112-3
Marcellus587; see Claudius
Mars 35, 435, 494, 627
matrescam 214
raavoliuit 72
Mavortes 434
med 76, 218, 312
Mede 462-3 ; see Medea
Medea 248-9, 253^, 256 CE., 456 ff.,
581,601
Media 249
Medus 248 ff,
mehe 599
Mellauion 180
Melanippus 274, 280-1, 285, 464 ff.
Melas 464
Meleager 180, 185, 466-7, 470 £E.
Melicertes 18-9
Mel it a 60
melos 394 ; melos 126 ; melum 278
Menelaus 31, 117, 224, 267, 355,
370-1, 411, 536-7, 608-9
Mentes 27
Mercurv 34-5, 50-1, 67, 170-1,
377, 380-1
mertare412; mertaret 356
Messina 61
metalli 590-1
Metanrus xii, 586
iSIetelli XT-xvi, 154-5
Metellus, Caecilius xv, 154-5
metus (fern.) 70
minata 312
Minerva xii, 265, 412-3, 624-5 ;
see Athena
minitabiliter 556
minitas 8-9
Minos, Minotaurus 478-9
ilinucius587
ilinyae 547
miriones 582-3
miserare 599 ; miserarent 378; miser-
atur?444; miseretur 310
miseritudine 374 ; miseritudo 338
moderat 426
moenes 222
nioenia 452
moerus 514 ; inoeros 442
monerint 206; moneris 174
Monet a 34-5
moraret 234 ; moras 96
Morta 28-9
Mulciber 516-7 ; see VuJcau
multat 84
multimodis 284
Musa, Muses 35, 47
Mvcenae(-an) 193, 329, 340-1, 4:J7,
607
Mycenenses 606
Mylae 61
Myrmidons 326, 480 fE., 543
Myrtilus 494-5, 571
Mysia(n) 181, 536-9
668
INDEX
N
Naevius xir-xvii, xxii, 46 fE., 596-8
nauco 106
Xausicaa 33
nebuloso 590-1
necarier 222
nefrendem 16
nei 518
Neleus 626-7
Nemean games 402
nemut 597
Neoptolemus 11, 224-5, 227-9, 231,
233, 235, 307, 309, 484 fE.
Nephele 376-7
Neptune 31, 52-3, 148-9, 347, 611,
626
nequinont 30
nequitum 314
Xereus 2-3, 292-3, 347
nescioques 252
Nestor 29, 31, 176, 491, 579-81
nexabant 34 ; neximus 412
nigret 202, 402
nimJo 76
nimpha 30
ninxerint 346
Niptra 264 fE.
nitiditatem 398
nivit 304
nobilitat 214, 540
noctu 74-5
noegeo 32-3
noxitudo 368
Numa Pompilius 57
numero 152, 358, 498, 628
Numitor 627
Nyctegresia 488 fE.
Nycteus 158-9, 165
O
obliviscier 378
obscuridicum 338
obstinatod 344
obstinet 628-9
obvalla? 350
occisti 298
Ocean 440-1
ocresl6; ocril4; ocrim 16
odorisequos 20
Odysseus 24 fE. ; see Ulysses
Odyasia, Odyssey (of Livius) x, xiii,
22 fE.
Oeax 209, 211, 218-9, 406
Oedipus 525, 529, 531
Oeneus 274 fE., 333, 414-5, 464 fE.,
470
Oenomaus 380-1, 494 ff., 611
Oeta 568-9
Ogulnius 149
Ogygia 269
Ogygia (adj.) 416-7
Ogysiis 416-7
Oicle(u)s 332
Oileus see Aiax, son of 0.
Olympus 30"3
omasum 108
onrunentans 28
opino 200
opitula 10-1 ; opitularier 278
oppidum 148-9
ops 566, 624?
orbificor 462
orbitudine 216; orbitudinis 344
Orchi 154
oreas 80
Orestes 121, 192-3, 195-7, 199-201,
206-7, 208-33, 315, 318-9, 321,
329-31, 407, 436-9
Orion 576-7
ossis 592 ; ossuum 194
paciscit 64 ; paciscunt 64
Pacurius xvii-xix, xx, 158 ff., 586-7,
598, 602-3
paenitebunt 172
paenitudine 288
Palamedes 364-5, 406, 411; Pala-
medi 364
Palatine, Palatium 56-7
palla 190-1
Pallas (giant) 438-9
palliod 138
pallucidum ? 597
Pandion 542
Pangaeus 122
Panormus 62, 65
parcuit 96
parentat 612-3
Parerga 592-5
Paris 117, 242-3,518-9
Parnassus 396-7
Parthenopaeus 180 ff., 317
parti (gen. o/ partus) 186
partissent 404
patagiis 128
669
INDEX
patias 91
Patrocliis 28-9, 119, 326-7, 429 flf.,
480
Paulm xix, 302-5
Paulas, Aemilius xix, 302-5
pavosl28, 200
pecua 90, 130, 372, 418
pecuda 458
Peleus 224-5, 568-9, 578-9
Pelias 626-7
Peliou 14-5
Pelopia (adj.) 390
Pelapidae 500 ff. ; Pelopidaruiii
368, 612
Peloponnesus 274, 428-9, 501
Pelops 369, 381, 391, 402-5, 428-9,
495, 497 ff., 608-9, 611-3
Penelope 39, 41, 265
penita 697
Pentheus 272-5, 393, 398-9, 401
perbitat 12; perbitere 278
perduellum 552
peregre 100, 103; peregri 102
Pergama 2-3; Pergamo 230;
Pergamum 362-3, 564-5; see
Troy
pergrandescere 472
Periboea 274 ff.
permit! 466
perperitudine 588
perperos 588
perpetem 244
perpetrare 300 ; pen>etrat 266
perrogitandod 286
Persephone 595
Perses 248-9, 253, 255, 257-9
Perseus 112, 347, 351-3
Perseus (Kiiig of Macedon) 302
persibus 88-9, 144-5
Persidae 504-5
perterricrepam 626
pervico 368
petimine 146
Phaeacians 39
Phegeia 333
Phegeus 333, 335-9
Pheres 620-1
Philocteta, Philoctetes 504 ff., 569
Philomela 10-3, 542 ff.
Phineus 347-9, 353, 520 ff.
Phinidae 520 ff.
Phintia 65
Phocis407, 542
Phocus 438
Phoenician (= Carthaginian) 65
Phoenician Maidens, Pfioenissae, 452
Phoenix 15, 430, 434-5, 484-5,
602, 605
Phrixus 376-81
Phrugum 248
Phrvgas 492 ; Phrrges 566 ; 623
Phrygia(n) 249, 372-3, 493, 516-7,
567, 623
pietatei 52
pigrasse 404; pigrem 424; pigrent
410
Pisa(e) 380-1, 496-7, 501
Pisatilis 597
Pisaurum xix
plaga 314 ; plagam 190-1
Plautus xvi, 586-7
plera 288; pleros 210; plerique
omnes 70
Plexippus 477
Poeas 610-1
poematonim 584
Poenicum Bellum 46 ff.
Poenum 64
polybro 26
Polydoms 236-9, 242-3, 245, 247,
315
Polvmestor 236-7, 239, 244-5, 247
Polyneices 357, 420, 439, 526-9
Polyi)hemus 267, 269
Polxxena 551
Pompey 409
ponderitatem 588
Pontus 250-1
pore as 594-5
porcent 420; porcet 184
Porporeus 66
porpurea 38
Poseidon 626; see Neptune
poteretur 524; potestur 198; poti
246
potis 486
praebia 96
praecisum 108
praegradat 188
jiraenioduni 38
Praeiioste 81 ; Praenestini 80
praesente his 466
praestolaras 14
praeter with abl. 598
Pragmatica 588-91
Praxidicc 595
Praxidicus ? 594-5
Priam 117, 119, 236-7, 306-9, 435,
564-7
prime 74
670
INDEX
pristices 599
procat 6-7
Procida54-5
procitum 26
Procne 10-3, 542 fE.
profundier 80
progecii 302-3
prolixitudinem 212
prolubio 84; prolubium 352, 622
Prometheus 454, 507-9, 532-3, 573,
581
promicando 78
propages 168
properiter 292
propter with aJbl. 598
Proserpina 5 8-9, 595
prospica 108
Protesilaus 286-7
Proteus 112
protinam 84, 92
prorigeam ? 290-1 ^
Psophis 333, 336-7
puer (/ew.) 24, 30, 58, 628-9 ; puera 18
pulpameutum 22
Punic War (First) x, xvi-xvii, 46 fE. ;
(Second) xi-xii
pupugit 90
puta 598
Pvdna 302
Pvlades 192-3, 195, 213, 226-7, 330
Pylos 28-9
Pyrrhus, of Epirus 67, 73
Pvrrhus (Xeoptolemus) 306-7
Pythia(n) 234-5, 339
Pythius 58
quadrigemini 96
quadrurbem 599
quamde 34
quei348; queisl23; quesl23
quesdam 598
queuntur 584
qiiianam 54, 152
quietem {adj.) 66
quinquertio 618
quinquertiones 18
quippiam 88
quis (with fern.) 260
quitus 574
rarenter 12
raudus 402, 470
reapse 174, 318
reciproca512
reciprocare 294
redamptruare 198
redhostiant 582; redhostit 346
Regulus 61
religentem 628
Remas 57, 136-7, 627
repandirostrum 292
repeda 310
repotiali ? 236-7
rescivero 104
residem 174
residues 599
resonit 208, 556
restibiliet 298
resupinas 356
Rhea Sylvia 627
Rhesus 489
rimarem 186, 240; rimari 599;
rimer 616
Romans, Rome xii, xvii, 19, 47,
49, 57, 60-2, 65, 68-9, 136-7,
154-5, 303, 552 ff., 560 fE., 578-9,
588, 627
Romulus XV, 47, 56-7, 136-7, 139,
627
ruminetur 4
rumitant 70
runa 597
Rune as 66-7
ruspans616; ruspantes 472; ruspar
492
rutabulum 140
saeptuosa 161
saeviter 372
sagmina 58-9
Salaciae 306
Salaminem 448 ; Salamis 286-7, 292-
438-9, 448-9
Salmoneus 626
Salmydessas 520-1
salti 468
Samnite 597
Samiiite(s) 43, 71, 552-3, 597
Samothrace 569
sanctescat 368
sanctitudines 528 ; sanctitudo 546
sanguen 340, 554
sapsa 298
sardare (sarrare ?) 72-3
satias 374
Satura x-xi, xv, xix, 152-3, 322-3
Saturn 24-5, 30-1, 152-3, 590-1
67 1
INDEX
Saturnalia 590-1
Satyrs 127
scabres 288
Scamander 435
Scamandriam 434
scena (pick-axe) 20 (= scaena) xxiii
schemate 126
sciciderat 580 ; scicidimus 104-5
Scipio Africanus xv-xvi, 138-9
Scipio Asina 62
Scipio, On. Cornelius 136-7
scium 286
scrupeara 468
ScjTos 484
segnitas 454 ; segnitate 348
sei 290
Semele, Semela 272-3, 394-5, 544-5
sempiteme 258
Sena Gallica 586-7
senent 542 ; senet 282
Sentinum 552 ff.
serilibus 268
serio 98
Serv'ius Tullius 564-5
setius 344-5
Setus 161, 164-6
sibus 145
Sibyl 54-5
Sicil lenses 64
Sicily 61-3
sicionistas 590
sicinnium 590
Sicyon 158-9
Sidero 626-7
siet 168, 170
Sigeum 306-7
Silvaiius 458
Sino 117, 411
Sminthe Island 192-3
socru (masc.) 94, 380
solatur 312
sollemnitus 4
sollicuria 596
solliferreum 596
sonere 386, 484; sonit 520; sonunt
244
soniti 218
sonticam 140
sordet 330
sortus 596
Sparta 118-9, 266, 404-5, 605
specis 334; specus (fern.) 196-7, 266
spectu 214
spelling (Accius' suggestions) xxii-xxiv
spisse 92, 228
sponsus 139
squales 288
squalitate 540
squalitudine 440
st 1 86
Stasiastae 534-7
statim 584
status 599
Sterope 380-1
Sthenelus 275, 279, 340
strigoues? 628-9
Strophius 407
struiccsl6; sturix 150
struppis 28
stupiditas 422
stupre 628
subaxit 224
subiectare 294
subinis 272
subiti 366
sublica 69
Sublicius pons 68
sublima 522
subpetant? 112
sub3cus 268
succusset 518
sununussos 150
sumpse 104
suopte 80
superbiloquentiam 610
superbiter 64
superescit 404
superstitiosa 602
suppa 520-1
supparum(-us) 596
suregit 596
suremit 40
Symplegades 521
Syracuse 63
Syria 455
tabilicabile 462
Taenarus 16-7
taetret 286
taetritudo 514
tagam 234; tagit 300
tarn (for tamen) 142
Tantalidarum 570
Tantalus 495, 571, 608-9, 611, 613
tapeta 42
Taphos 340-1
tardigrada 160
tarditie 418
672
INDEX
tarditudine 33G
Tarentum ix, srv-iii-xx, 99, 586-7
Tarquinius Gollatinus 560-1
Tarquiuius Superbus 560 ff.
Tauri 121
Taurica 192, 207, 330
taiirigeno478
tax pax 76-7
Tecmessa 311, 365, 369
ted 266
Tegea, Tegeaea 180-1, 192-3
Teiresias 359, 396-7, 528-31
Telamo(D) 15, 177, 286-93, 297-301,
311, 438-9, 610-1
Teleboans 309, 340, 345
Telegouus 264-5, 269, 271-3, 455
Telemachus 29, 39, 41, 264-5, 364
Telephus 181, 183, 187, 189, 191,
309, 536 flf.
temeriter 344
temeritudinem 216
Tereus 10-5, 542 ff., 606-7
terimen 599
Terras (gen.) 66-7
terricula (pi.) 434, 538
tertias 4
tesqua 514 ; cp. 506-7
tetinerim 234 ; tetinerit 406 ; tetinisse
256
tetuli 618; tetulisti 352; tetulit
610
Teucer 14-5, 177, 179, 286 ff., 369,
439
Teuthras 181
Thebais 548
Thebani, 272
Thebes, Theban 158, 272-3, 335,
341, 402, 417, 420-1, 464, 530-1,
548-9
Theodotus 106
Thersander 421, 423
Thersites 274
Theseus 402, 479
Thesprotians 333
Thesprotus 612-3
Thessalian 293, 542-3
Thessalum 292
Thestius 471
thiasantem 278
Thoa5 121-3, 192-3, 195-201, 207,
315
Thrace, Thracian 122-3, 237, 355,
534
Thyestes 331, 369, 380-91, 402-3,
405, 613
timos 128
tintinnabaiit 142
Tisamenus 225
Titani, Titans 66-7
tonitra 550
tousillam 250 ; tousillas 522
tonsu 342
topper 34, 36, 68, 314-5, 454, 628
tomis 466, 476, 598
Toxeus 477
trabica 306
tragedies 2-21, 110 ff., 158 ff.
transaxim 244
trionum 120
triportenta 304
tristitas 184
trit 597
Triton 458-9
Troades 550-1
Troia 48, 288, 374; Troiad 48;
see Troy
Troilus 117
tropaeum 360; cp. 534-7
Tropaeum Libert 534-7
Trous 564-5
Troy, Trojan xvii, 3, 5, 11, 14, 29,
31, 47, 49, 51, 53-5, 117, 119,
176, 211, 224, 229, 231, 235-6,
286-9, 293 (294-5 Ilium), 328,
354-5, 362-3 (Pergamum), 370-1,
374-5, 406-7, 411, 484, 488, 491,
493, 504-5, 519, 536-7, 543, 550-1,
564-5 (Pergamum), 567, 569
tulat 348
Tullius, Servius 564-5
tumuiti 490, 552
turbineis 550
turpassis 210
tuta280; tutantl22
Tydeus 274, 283, 464 ff.
Tvndareus 224, 228-9, 536-7
Tyndaris 61
Tyro 626-7, 629
Ulixem 492 ; Ulixes 36, 266, 268 et al ;
Ulixi 264 ; see Ulysses
ullo (verb) 424
Ulysses 24 ff., 117, 172, 175, 264 ff.,
321, 361-5, 369, 371-3, 413,
485, 487-8, 492-3, 504 ff., 606-7,
610-1
unod 138
673
REMAINS OF OLD LATIN — II.
X X
INDEX
unose 246-7
Utica xvi, 154
utier 544
vacerra 22
vagant 392, 458; vagat 252, 282;
vageiit 472
valcntia 112
Valerius Maximus GO-1
vallebant 418-9
vanaiLs 334
vanitudine 210
vapos 350
vastescant 530
vastitudine 288, 440 ; vastitudo 478
Veiens 138
Veil 139
Venus 35, 53, 148-9
verbenas 58
verrancent 280-1, 554-5, 562
versutiloquas 620
Vesuvius 559
Viba 138-9
vicissatim 60
vicissitatem 530
Virgil xvii
Viridoniarus 136
virtutei 488
vitulantes 126, 136-7
Volcani 68 ; see Vulcan
volubilei 318
volup 78, 628
volvier 456
Vulcan 35, 69, 132-3, 148-9, 490-1
506-7, 516-7
vulgum 422
Z
Zetes 520
Zethus 158 ff.
Zeus 454, 497 ; see Jupiter
674
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THEOPHRASTUS : CHARACTERS. J.M.Edmonds;
HERODES, etc. A. D. Knox.
THEOPHRASTUS: ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS. Sir
Arthur Hort, Bart. 2 Vols.
THUCYDIDES. C.F.Smith. 4 Vols. {Wo\.l. ^rd Imp.,
Vols. II., III. and IV. 2.nd Imp. revised.)
TRYPHIODORUS.- Cf. OPPIAN.
XENOPHON : CYROPAEDIA. W^alter Miller. 2 Vols.
{2nd Imp.)
XENOPHON : HELLENICA. ANABASIS, APOLOGY,
AND SYMPOSIUM. C. L. Brownson and O. J. Todd.
3 Vols. {2nd Imp.)
XENOPHON : MEMORABILIA and OECONOMICUS.
E. C. Marchant.
XENOPHON : SCRIPTA MINORA. E. C. Marchant.
IN PREPARATION
Greek Authors
ARISTOTLE : DE CAELO, etc. W. C. K. Guthrie.
ARISTOTLE: ON HISTORY, MOTION AND PRO-
GRESSION OF ANIMALS. E. S. Forster and A. Peck.
ARISTOTLE : ORGANON. H. P. Cooke and H. Treden-
nick.
GREEK MATHEMATICAL WORKS. J. Thomas.
MANETHO. W. G. Waddell.
MINOR ATTIC ORATORS (ANTIPHON, ANDOCIDES
DEMADES, DINARCHUS, HYPEREIDES). k!
Maidment.
NONNUS. W. H. D. Rouse.
PAPYRI : LITERARY PAPYRI, Selected and Translated
bv C. H. Roberts.
PTOLEMY: TETRABIBLOS. F. C. Robbins.
Latin Authors
CICERO : AD HERENNIUM. H. Caplan.
CICERO : IN CATILINAM, PRO FLACCO. PRO
MURENA, PRO SULLA. Louis E. Lord.
CICERO : DE ORATORE. Charles Stuttaford and
W. E. Sutton.
CICERO: BRUTUS. ORATOR. H. M. Hubbtll and
G. L. Hendrickson.
CICERO: PRO SESTIO, IN VATINIUM, PRO
CAELIO, DE PROVINCIIS CONSULARIBUS, PRO
BALBO. J. H. Freese.
COLUMELLA : DE RE RUSTICA. H. B. Ash.
PLINY : NATURAL HISTORY. W. H. S. Jones and
H. Rackham.
PRUDENTIUS. J. H. Baxter and C. J. Fordyce.
QUINTUS CURTIUS: HISTORY OF ALEXANDER.
J. C. Rolfe.
VARRO : DE LINGUA LATINA. R. G. Kent.
DESCRIPTIVE PROSPECTUS ON APPLICATION
London .... WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD
Cambridge, Mass.- - -HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRE5S
PA Warmington, Eric Herbert (ed.
2510 and tr.)
A2 Remains of old Latin
1935
V.2
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